CSC00240: IP Addressing and Subnetting Report for Biomedical Company

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of IP addressing and subnetting for a private biomedical software development company with three branches. The assignment covers the design of both logical and physical network diagrams, essential for effective network management and troubleshooting. It includes detailed address allocation plans for both IPv4 and IPv6, considering the number of devices in each branch and the need for efficient subnetting. The report outlines the steps involved in subnetting, including calculating subnet masks and determining usable IP address ranges. It also provides specific IP address allocations for each device within the company's network, including routers, servers, printers, and computers. The report emphasizes the importance of IP addressing for communication and subnetting for enhanced security and ease of network management. Furthermore, the report includes complete diagrams of the network, which helps in understanding the overall network design. The report concludes with a summary of the key findings and a list of references used in the assignment.

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Summary
Network and communication describe the interconnection of computing devices for the purpose of
communication of the interconnected devices. This basically what networking is all about? In the
networking arena, there are fundamentals which have to be fulfilled for a networking to be
considered complete. These fundamentals include the message sender, message recipient, the path
with which message follows through, the message itself and finally the protocol which dictates on
how the messages will be delivered. A complete network environment must entail the mentioned
above.
For the messages to send to correct recipients, there must an identification scheme which tells the
sending device that this message will be delivered to a certain device on the network or internet but
not any other device. Furthermore, even the recipient has to send a reply to the sender either
replying the message or acknowledging the receipt of the message send. The recipient too must
have a way to identify the sender of the message.
Either way, the scheme to identify both the sender and recipient of a message on the network and
internet is IP addressing. An IP address can be defined as a numerical number or label which is
assigned to a networking device linked to a computer network which uses the IP for the reasons of
communication. The IP addresses serves two primary roles. That is, location addressing and network
interface or host identification. IP addresses are assigned to individuals and organisations by Internet
Service Providers. The ISPs are provided these IP addresses by IANA. Once an IP address has been
assigned to an organisation, it has to be subdivided into segments which suite organisation needs.

Table of Contents
Summary...............................................................................................................................................2
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Scope...........................................................................................................................................4
1.2 The usefulness of logical diagram................................................................................................4
2. Organisational Description................................................................................................................5
3. Address allocation plan for each subnet............................................................................................5
3.1.2 IPv4 allocation plan for Branch A............................................................................................10
3.1.3 IPv4 allocation plan for Branch B............................................................................................10
3.1.4 IPv4 allocation plan for Branch C............................................................................................10
3.2.2 Branch A.................................................................................................................................11
3.2.3 Branch B..................................................................................................................................11
3.2.3 Branch C..................................................................................................................................12
4. Conclusions......................................................................................................................................13
5. References.......................................................................................................................................14

1. Introduction
1.1 Scope
The primary reason for this task is to perform a logical and physical network design for a company
having three branches. This will entail designing a logical and physical network diagram for this
company. The network diagrams are key to the effectiveness of the network and the information
technology management for the company.
With the up-to-date network diagram, our client’s network administrators will be able troubleshoot
minimizing the downtime, plan for the network capacity, evade Information Technology clutter,
maintain the network software, and keep the network compliant and secure. The physical network
diagram will depict the physical topology of our client’s network and how the physical network
devices are linked. For the logical diagram for biomedical software Development Company, it will
depict how information in this network will be flowing. In the logical network topology, we will
visualize elements such as subnets (VLAN IDs, IP addresses and subnet masks), network devices
(firewalls, switches and routers), specified routing protocols, the routing domains, traffic flows and
the network segments.
1.2 The usefulness of logical diagram
Since the information contained in a logical network diagram corresponds to the layer 3 (L3) of the
OSI model, the layer 2 network devices which include the switches are not visualized in a layer 3
logical diagram. The logical network diagram will make the management of network in the following
mentioned ways;
i. Sharing of the network information – if our client network admins need to share
information concerning the network concealing the physical information, the admins will
use the designed logical network diagram.
ii. Capacity planning – both the logical and physical diagrams are very instrumental in
capacity planning. Having these diagrams, the network admins can map out expanding
and changing the network and visualize what will impact what on the network.
iii. Network security – with the logical network diagram, network administrators will ensure
that firewalls are strategically positioned to maximize on the firewall rulebases.
iv. Troubleshooting – the network administrators will be able to troubleshoot service
outage. Say, we have a service out between 2 IP addresses, a logical network diagram
can be used to speedily rule out an issue being caused by the firewall.

v. Redundancy elimination – the network diagram will help the network admins clearly
eliminate what is redundant and what is not. This will improve the general network
performance.
2. Organisational Description
The private biomedical software development company has three branches serving its Gold Coast
customer region. This company designed a network infrastructure which require to be addressed. Its
headquarter has network 231 devices including 10 printers, 212 computers, 3 servers, a router and
five switches. On the other hand, the branches A, B and C have 2 servers, 2 switches and 1 router
each. In this task, it is assumed that the network is already designed and we will be addressing the
designed network.
3. Address allocation plan for each subnet
IP addressing denotes to the allocation of an IP address to a network interface or a network
computing device. As mentioned earlier, this is done mainly to enable communication between the
computing devices. The assigned IP addresses can either be IPv4 or IPv6. IPv4 defines the IP address
as a 32-bit number arranged in 4 bytes. On the other hand, IPv6 is a new version of IP representation
which uses 128 bits for the IP representation. The IPv6 emerged to salvage the diminishing IPv4
addresses. IP addressing for our client is as done below;
3.1 IP addressing plan for IP V4
Subnetting
This is the subdivision of a network into logical divisions for the purpose of ease of management and
enhanced security. Subnetting can either be classless or classful. Classful subnetting entails having a
network VLANs whose the subnet mask of each VLAN is equal to one another. This is done by
identifying the subnet with the highest number of hosts. Once this is done, the subnet mask for this
VLAN is calculated and the same is applied to all of the remaining subnets. This procedure of
subnetting is easy to perform task but it wastes a lot of IP addresses. For example, in our network we
have a VLAN whose number of hosts is 240 and another has 10 hosts. The VLAN with 240 hosts will
have subnet mask of /24 with a total of 254 addresses allocated. The VLAN with 10 hosts will also be
allocated a total of 254 addresses but only 10 will be used. The 244 addresses will be wasted.

On the other hand, classless subnetting approach allocates equal or slightly higher number of
addresses to a VLAN. This approach of subnetting though challenging, it preserves the number IP
addresses. For instance, we have department C whose population is 240 whereas host D has a
population of 20, department C will be allocated a total of 254 IP addresses whereas D will be
allocated a total of 30 usable addresses. This is the approach that will be used to subnet our
network.
Below are the subnetting steps for our private biomedical software development company network;
Step 1: list the branches in the order of their largest number of hosts per subnet. For instance,
Head quarter 231
Branch C 31
Branch A 23
Branch B 21
Step 2: We note the beginning IP address as our network address for the largest branch. This will
always be our network address. Our network address is 191.2.23.0.
Step 3: For each subnet, we can determine the octet, subnet size subnet mask and the increment
from a VLSM table. We then add this information to the present network address to get the next
subnet address.
Headquarter
Number of needed usable hosts  231
Network Address  191.2.23.0
Address class  B
Default subnet mask  255.255.0.0
Custom subnet mask  255.255.255.0
Total number of subnets  1
Total number of host addresses  256
Number of usable addresses  254

The headquarter will have IP address details as below;
Network Address 191.2.23.0
Subnet mask  255.255.255.0
Broadcast Address  191.2.23.255
Usable Address Range  191.2.23.1 - 191.2.23.254
Branch C
Number of needed usable hosts  31
Network Address  191.2.24.0
Address class  B
Default subnet mask  255.255.0.0
Custom subnet mask  255.255.255.192
Total number of subnets  1
Total number of host addresses  64
Number of usable addresses  62
Branch C will have IP address details as below;
Network Address 191.2.24.0
Subnet mask  255.255.255.192
Broadcast Address  191.2.24.63
Usable Address Range  191.2.24.1 - 191.2.24.62
Branch A
Number of needed usable hosts  23

Network Address  191.2.24.64
Address class  B
Default subnet mask  255.255.0.0
Custom subnet mask  255.255.255.224
Total number of subnets  1
Total number of host addresses  32
Number of usable addresses  30
Branch A will have IP address details as below;
Network Address 191.2.24.64
Subnet mask  255.255.255.224
Broadcast Address  191.2.24.95
Usable Address Range  191.2.24.65 - 191.2.24.94
Branch B
Number of needed usable hosts  21
Network Address  191.2.24.96
Address class  B
Default subnet mask  255.255.0.0
Custom subnet mask  255.255.255.224
Total number of subnets  1
Total number of host addresses  32
Number of usable addresses  30

Branch B will have IP address details as below;
Network Address 191.2.24.96
Subnet mask  255.255.255.224
Broadcast Address  191.2.24.127
Usable Address Range  191.2.24.97 - 191.2.24.126
Summarized IP table
Subnet
Name
Hosts
Needed
Hosts
Available
Reserved
Hosts
Network
Address
Slas
h
Mask Usable Range Broadcast
Headquarter 231 254 23 191.2.23.0 /24 255.255.255.0 191.2.23.1 -
191.2.23.254
191.2.23.255
Branch A 31 62 31 191.2.24.0 /26 255.255.255.192 191.2.24.1 -
191.2.24.62
191.2.24.63
Branch B 23 30 7 191.2.24.64 /27 255.255.255.224 191.2.24.65 -
191.2.24.94
191.2.24.95
Branch C 21 30 9 191.2.24.96 /27 255.255.255.224 191.2.24.97 -
191.2.24.126
191.2.24.127
(Reed, 2017)
3.1.1 IPv4 allocation plan for Head Quarter
Our headquarter has been assigned an IP address of 191.2.23.0. The below table shows the number
of devices and their IP address allocation
Location Device Name Interface IP address Sub netmask Default Gateway
Head Quarter Router G0/0 191.2.23.1 255.255.255.0 NA
Printers E0 191.2.23.2 -
191.2.23.11
255.255.255.0 191.2.23.1
Servers E0 191.2.23.12 -
191.2.23.14
255.255.255.0 191.2.23.1
Computers and
other devices
E0 191.2.23.15 -
191.2.23.254
255.255.255.0 191.2.23.1
3.1.2 IPv4 allocation plan for Branch A
Branch A Router G0/0 191.2.24.1 255.255.255.192 NA
Servers E0 191.2.24.2 - 255.255.255.192 191.2.24.1

191.2.24.3
Computers and
other devices
E0 191.2.24.4 -
191.2.24.62
255.255.255.192 191.2.24.1
3.1.3 IPv4 allocation plan for Branch B
Branch B Router G0/0 191.2.24.65 255.255.255.224 NA
Servers E0 191.2.24.66 -
191.2.24.67
255.255.255.224 191.2.24.65
Computers and
other devices
E0 191.2.24.68 -
191.2.24.94
255.255.255.224 191.2.24.65
3.1.4 IPv4 allocation plan for Branch C
Branch C Router G0/0 191.2.24.97 255.255.255.224 NA
Servers E0 191.2.24.98 -
191.2.24.99
255.255.255.224 191.2.24.97
Computers and
other devices
E0 191.2.24.100 -
191.2.24.126
255.255.255.224 191.2.24.97
3.2 IP addressing plan for IP V6
3.2.1IPv6 allocation plan for Head Quarter
As per the task, we have been allocated an IP address 2011:1245:ADBC: YX00::/56, where xy is the
student ID last numbers. Therefore IPv6 address is 2011:1245:ADBC: 2300::/56.
The number of devices at the HQ will be 231
The prefix length will be 119 with a total of 512 addresses.

(Vardy, 2015)
3.2.2 Branch A
The number of addresses in Branch A is 23 the network address will be
2011:1245:adbc:2300:0000:0000:0000:0200
The prefix length will be 123 with a total of 32 addresses.
3.2.3 Branch B
The number of addresses in Branch B is 21 the network address will be
2011:1245:adbc:2300:0000:0000:0000:0220
The prefix length will be 123 with a total of 32 addresses.

3.2.3 Branch C
The number of addresses in Branch C is 31 the network address will be
2011:1245:adbc:2300:0000:0000:0000:0544
The prefix length will be 122 with a total of 64 addresses.
(Pyles & Carrell, 2015)
4. Complete Diagram including IP address subnetting