SBM4202: IS Strategy, Management & Acquisition - Group Portfolio

This portfolio, created for the SBM4202 IS Strategy, Management & Acquisition course, presents a comprehensive analysis of key topics in the field. It begins with an exploration of the digital economy, emphasizing its importance and the use of the internet for competitive advantage, including the roles of intranet and supply chain management. The portfolio then delves into business exploitation of ICT, covering ERP systems, their strategic implications, and associated issues. It also examines strategic information systems (SIS) and the support of information technology in strategic management. The third section focuses on information systems development approaches, addressing project issues, implementation challenges, factors leading to project failure, and the distinctions between technology push and market pull innovation. The portfolio provides real-world examples, such as the Commonwealth Bank of Australia and Queensland Health, to illustrate these concepts. It is organized into three parts, covering weekly topics from week 1 to week 12, and it demonstrates an understanding of the course's learning objectives through detailed discussions and analysis of the provided topics. The student's work is a valuable resource for understanding the complexities and practical applications of information systems strategy and management.

Running head: PORTFOLIO
Portfolio
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

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Table of Contents
Portfolio A..................................................................................................................................2
Week 1: Business strategy for Digital World........................................................................2
Week 2: Business Exploitation of ICT:.................................................................................3
Week 3: Information Systems Development Approaches:....................................................5
Week 4: Disruptive Technologies and applications:..............................................................7
Portfolio B..................................................................................................................................9
Week 5: IT/IS Strategic Alignment:......................................................................................9
Week 6 Strategic information management..........................................................................10
Week 7 Global Information Management Issues:................................................................11
Week 8: Knowledge Management:......................................................................................13
Portfolio C................................................................................................................................14
Week 9: Organizational change, culture and strategic IS/IT change:..................................14
Week 10: IS/IT benefits management and realisation:........................................................16
Week 11 Strategic IT/IS leadership and IT governance:.....................................................17
Week 12: Presentation..........................................................................................................19
References................................................................................................................................21

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Portfolio A
Week 1: Business strategy for Digital World Importance of digital economy and its importance:
Digital economy is the process of expansion of the business through the use of
the digital medium. It has been seen that most of the organizations are using the
digital medium for the doing the business. The business in the organization is
controlled by the emerging technologies like IoT, cloud architecture and the
automation of the machines. These technologies are helping to reduce the
maintenance cost and the functioning cost for the business.
The importance of the digital economy is that it helps to reduce the mitigation
of the running cost for the organization. Apart from that digital economy has
enhanced different industries through the increase of the revenue.
In order to understand the importance and the impact of digital economy for the
organization, the example of Telstra can be mentioned. Telstra has taken the digital
disruption in order to expand the business. It has been seen that the growth of 50%
revenue has been achieved by the organization through the use of digital technology.
The increase in the revenue has added value for the organization. Apart from that this
increase in the revenue will add value to the economic value in the industry. Use of internet for gaining competitive advantage
The use of internet and WWW for gaining competitive advantage:
The use of internet in the business functioning can give the organization some
competitive advantages. These are-
Lowering the cost: The use of the online business can help the organization to
lower the cost for maintaining the physical infrastructure for the organization. This
will help to increase the profit of the organization.

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Differentiation: The use of the online resources in the business will help the
organization to achieve the objectives of digital marketing (Chi et al.2017). This will
help the organization to reach to the large number of consumers within a small
timespan. This marketing strategy will help the organization to get competitive
advantage.
Focused towards the business objectives: The use of information technology and
online business resources will help the organization to be focused on achieving the
organizational goals. Intranet and supply chain:
Intranet is used for the communication among the organization. The use of the
Intranet is done through Ethernet. This provides the secured flow of communication in the
organization. The use of Intranet will help to maintain the flow of communication in the
business organization. Apart from that the use of Intranet will help to improve the supply
chain management for the organization. For managing the supply chain in effective way,
maintaining the flow of communication is important which can be achieved through the
use of Intranet.
Week 2: Business Exploitation of ICT:
ERP System:
ERP system is known as enterprise management system which is useful for the
organization to synchronize between the different units of business. ERP system is adopted
by the many of the organization for the proper management of the data and information. In
this case, the example of Commonwealth Bank of Australia can be mentioned. This bank has
implemented ERP system that will synchronize the functionalities between the business unit
of the bank and technical unit of the bank.

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The importance of ERP system is that it can provide the administrator to control over
all the business processes through a single software. The management of the data and
information can be easily handled through the single software. Apart from that it has been
seen that the use of ERP system can help in the decision making process for the
organization. The comparative analysis of the profit and loss with the other companies
can be done through the ERP system.
Some enterprise wide issues:
Some of the issues regarding the implementation of the ERP system in the
organization are- presence of risks, not understanding the requirements in a proper way
and improper implementation of ERP system.
The risks presented in the project regarding the implementation of the ERP system
includes not maintaining the delivery time of the project and over flow of the budget. In
case if the requirements are not clear, there may be a chance for project scope creep. The
scope creep in the project denotes the changes in the requirements during the
implementation phase. The improper implementation of ERP can be happened if the
selection of the right ERP software is not adopted for the organization. The presence of
all these things may not deliver the right outcome from ERP system.
Strategy associated with SIS:
The main objective of Strategic information System (SIS) is to deliver a strategy for
the corporate business initiative. The smart SIS can give the organization a competitive
advantage. The strategy taken through SIS can help to deliver the products at low cost
with maintaining the standard o the products or services. In this situation, it can be said
that strategic information system will remain strategic for the development and expansion
of the business.

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Support of information Technology in strategic management:
The strategic management can be managed through the information technology. It has
been seen for the development of strategy for the expansion of the business critical
information about the functioning of the business are needed. In this case, the gathering of
the information can be done through then implementation of the emerging technologies
like big data (Halawi, McCarthy and Farah 2018). The use of these technologies will
help to provide the accurate information regarding the business process. On the basis of
the data proper business strategy can be taken.
Week 3: Information Systems Development Approaches:
Issues in the project:
Some of the factors can go wrong while the development of the project. In this case,
mention of the Queensland Health Project management can be appropriate. In the
Queensland Health project, there was a need for the revamping of the whole project and
the replacement of the existing system with the new technical system was needed to be
implemented. However, there implementation was done in a small time span and the
process involved during the transfer of data was manual (Benaroch and Chernobai 2017).
All these things raised the failure of the project. From this example it can be said that
during the implementation of the project, reasonable time frame is needed to be assigned
for each module so that the functionality can be implemented properly. Apart from that
the gathering of the requirements is needed to be done in a proper way.
Implementation of Information system project:
The implementation of the information system project can be problematic as
compared to the other project implementation. This is because the increased complexity
of the information system. In this context, the example of FoxMayer can be mentioned. It

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is a health care provider which had faced the failure in the IT project through the selection
of the wrong ERP system. Apart from there was lack of contingency in the planning for
the implementation of the ERP system. Moreover, no end users were involved for the
implementation of ERP.
It can be said that the implementation of information system projects are problematic
as the level of complexity is high in those projects. The gathering of the requirements is
important for the development of the project. It has been seen that an information
technology project can be viewed from different perspective from the different
stakeholders (Bernus, Noran and Molina 2015). Apart from that the requirements of the
end users are needed to be implemented in a proper way. There is a chance that the scope
creep in the development of the project can make constraint in the development of the
project.
Factors for the failure of the project:
Four factors for the cancellation of the information system project are-
 Not delivering the project in time: The project may run out of time. In this case, the
client may cancel the contract for the implementation of the project.
 Lack of scope document: The lack of scope document refers the lack of consistency in
the requirement document (Romager et al.2017). This can raise the scope creep in the
development of the project.
 Inconsistent communication: In order to complete the project in a proper way, the
flow of communication is needed to be maintained in a proper way in the team. In this
case, the project manager should communicate with the team members in a proper
way regarding the understanding of the requirements (Orna 2017). Apart from that
brainstorming process among the employees in the organization can lead to the

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innovative ideas regarding the development of the project. The lack of these factors
can lead to the failure of the project. The lack of communication can lead to the
misunderstanding between the team and the client. In that case, client can cancel the
project.
 Poor planning: The poor planning of the project can lead to the failure of the project.
It has been seen the success of the project is dependent on the proper planning of the
project. In this case if the planning of the project does not done properly, the outcome
of the project may not be proper (Soto-Acosta and Cegarra-Navarro 2016). This can
make the client to cancel the contract for the development of the project.
Week 4: Disruptive Technologies and applications:
Definition of the innovation:
The innovation can be defined as the process of creating something new for the
business purpose or for the use of mankind.
One of such innovation is the use of drone delivery. This system is based first adopted
by the `amazon for delivering the goods to the consumers (Couto, Lopes and Sousa 2015). It
has been seen that the adaptation of the innovation of drone delivery has helped this
organization to increase the efficiency in the delivery process along with that it has also
helped the organization to make the effective implementation of the supply chain
management system.
Disruptive technology:
Disruptive technology defines the technologies those are responsible to bring the changes in
the organization (De Haes and Van Grembergen 2015). The disruption can be done in both
positive and negative way. However, generally, the disruption in the organization denotes the

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positive disruption in the organization. The disruptive technologies are generally the
technologies like emerging technologies like IoT, cloud technology can enhance the
effectiveness of the overall system.
Use of disruptive technology:
The use of disruptive technology has changed the business process of the
organizations from different industries. In this context, the example of Commonwealth bank
can be used. It has been seen that the functioning of this bank were based on the manual
process. However, after the digital disruption, semi-automated process has been indulged in
the retail banking. This disruption has been done through the implementation of E-mail and
automated note counting machines (Mayer et al. 2018). Apart from that the implementation
of ERP system has developed a synchronized communication between the different
departments of this bank. All these digital disruptions has helped this bank to become flexible
in functioning and provide better service to the consumers (Kumar, Singh and Kumar 2018).
Earlier the processes in this bank was inclined towards the manual process which was time
consuming and there were chances for the errors.
Technology Push innovation and Market Pull innovation
Technology Push innovation is the research or the innovation that encourages the
development of the new products through the new technology. This type of innovation does
not include in market research (Willcocks, Lacity and Sauer 2017). The starting of the
technology push innovation occurs at the organization itself.
Market pull innovation indicates the need for the new product in order to solve the
existing problem in the market. The solution in this case, comes from the market place. At
first need is identified and the list of products are developed on the basis of the requirements.
Discussion of disruptive technologies in modern world:

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One of the technologies used for digital disruption is artificial intelligence. The use of
artificial intelligence has improved the automation process of the functioning. Most of the
industries are adopting the use of the automation process that increases the flexibility of the
organization function. Apart from that the mitigation of the human error can be achieved
through the automation process.
Different types of the technological change:
There are different types of technological change those have been occurred till
present. Some of them are related to the automation of the process. Apart from that in some
cases, the semi automation process have been adopted by some organization.
Portfolio B
Week 5: IT/IS Strategic Alignment:
Enterprise architecture:
Enterprise architecture is a process or the software that will management, control and
synchronize all the processes of the different departments of the organization. One of the
Example of the enterprise architecture is enterprise architecture software provided by SAP
(Costa, Soares and de Sousa 2016). This type of software help the organization in decision
making through the providing the right information and statistic of the organization.
Strategic information system and its importance for the organization
The strategic information system is important from the decision making strategy in
the organization using the technology. In this case, the example of the commonwealth bank
can be mentioned (Kianto, Vanhala and Heilmann 2016). The bank has implemented the
enterprise architecture system which is a part of the strategic information system. This has
improved the information management and data security.

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Reducing different costs for the development of the business:
The mitigation of the operational cost will help to run the business of the organization
more effectively (Lange, Mendling and Recker 2016). The organization can spend the cost
reserves from the operational purpose for the improvement of another area of the
organization like enhancement of security.
Business and IT/IS alignment:
The business and IT/IS alignment denotes the collaboration between the IT
department and the business department during the development of the project. The
synchronization of these two departments will help to implement the project in a proper way
along with all the requirements.
Week 6 Strategic information management
Drivers for using IS/IT:
The drivers for using the IS/IT are the need for the advanced functionalities. Apart
from that there is a need for the business organizations for the expansion of the business. All
these factors are the drivers for using the IS/IT in the organization.
Inhibitors regarding IS/IT use:
Inhibitors regarding the use of IT/IS are the ability to use the information technology
for the organizational development. Apart from that it is also needed to be considered the use
of the information technology for the decision making process for the organization. The
inhibitors regarding the IS/IT use id concerned about the ability of the organization to exploit
the advantages of using the information technology.
Emerging technologies:

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The emerging technologies are the technologies those are used recently in a wide
range for implementation of the different functionalities in the organization. Some of the
emerging technologies are- the use of internet of things, application of the automation in the
industry.
Issues and challenges regarding the use of IT/IS:
One of the main issue regarding the use of IT/IS in the public sector is the security
issues. It has been seen that measures of data breaches has grown up. However, there is a
problem regarding the lack of expert technologist to handle and manage the advanced
technology.
Issues and challenges facing public sector organization and SME:
Some of the issues and challenges faced by the public sector organization is the
implementation of the emerging technology. Apart from that the employees in the
organization are not very much aware about the usage of the different technology and they
need proper training for managing the system.
E-governance initiatives:
It has been seen that the government sectors are inclined to use the technology in the
organization. In order to do this the government organizations are initiating the e-portals
where the citizens can issue their problems directly to the government. This makes the whole
system more flexible.
Week 7 Global Information Management Issues:
Difference between outsourcing and offshoring:
In the outsourcing the organization has to send their tasks to the third party or other
organization. That third party organizations are get paid for doing the tasks. As for example,

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it has been seen that Amazon can give any IT organization to configure Alexa, one of their
product (Dash and Pani 2016). In this situation, Amazon is outsourcing some of its works to
that IT organization.
In offshoring the third party organization has to send their staffs to the client
organization for providing the support. As for example, if the IT organization sends its
employees to the Amazon to fix any problem for Alexa, in this case, the situation can be
described as offshoring.
Benefits of web service strategy:
Different benefits of web-service strategy are – development of the marketing
strategy, level of increase in the consumer interaction and development of the overall
business.
Three global information management issues:
 Adopting the ever changing market: the market in the different industry is changing
rapidly (Van Grembergen and De Haes 2018). In order to cope up with the change it
is necessary that the business organizations are taken initiatives to adopt those
changes. In this situation, the modification in the management process is needed.
 Marketing of the products: The marketing concept of the organization is changing
rapidly (Sahai and Singh 2017). Earlier the marketing was done through the
traditional advertisement. However, it has been seen that due to the globalization and
the improvisation of the technology it is necessary for the organization to implement
proper digital marketing strategy (Almeida, Pinto and Mira da Silva 2016). However,
many of the organizations cannot implement the proper digital marketing strategy.
 Branding of the business: With the changing requirements if the consumer, branding
is important for the business organization

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E-governance
E-governance is the technique for providing the services by the government to the
citizens and the organizations. Apart from that the citizens can connect with the government
through the online portals provided by the government.
Week 8: Knowledge Management:
Approaches of knowledge management:
 Process approach: The process approach is regarding the strategy for the development
of the project.
 Practice approach: The practice approach is the strategy for the development of the
practices for sustainable development of the organization.
Components of intellectual capital management:
There are three components in the intellectual capital management-
 Human Capital: Human capital denotes the skills and the knowledge of the human
begin those are needed for the proper functioning of the organization.
 Structural Capital: The structural capital denotes system, policies and intellectual
property of the organization.
 Relational capital: The relational capital for the organization denotes the relation of
the organization between internal and external stakeholders.
Definition of the knowledge management:
It is said that the management of the knowledge is more focused about the people and
the culture rather than the technology.
Difference between tactic and explicit knowledge:

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Tactic knowledge: Tactic knowledge is the knowledge human gained from the
experience and the perception. This helps in the decision making process and handling the
situation in a proper way (Hinkelmann et al. 2016). As for example, the business decision
taken by the CEO of the organization or the expansion of the business is a tactic knowledge.
Explicit knowledge: Explicit knowledge is the knowledge gained from the books and
journals. As for example, if the manager of the organization takes the decision after
consulting with the books and journals, it can be said that the knowledge is explicit.
Importance of strategic knowledge management:
Strategic management of the knowledge is about the development and implementation
of the effective knowledge management system in the organization. The knowledge
management requires to manage the 5 P’s for the organization (Lombardi et al.2016). The
main objective of the knowledge management is to capture the valuable information for the
organization and use them for achieving the productivity of the organization. One of the
example of the knowledge management in the organization is the use of the data management
system. The management of the organization can use the data management system in order to
track the transaction information of the consumer (Zimmermann et al. 2015). Apart from that
those information can be analysed for the further improvement of the organization.
Portfolio C
Week 9: Organizational change, culture and strategic IS/IT change:
Need for the organizational change:
The organizational change is needed for revamping the existing process of the
company. The renovation and reengineering of the existing system will help the organization
to improve the services in an effective way (Percheiro et al. 2017). Apart from that the

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renovation of the existing system through the change can develop better consumer services
for the organization.
As for example, the example of the Commonwealth bank can be taken. Earlier, the
bank was largely dependent on the manual process of the information that took time and
suffers from lack of efficiency (Scholl 2016). However, after the business process change
through the implementation of the ERP, the whole retail banking system of this bank is
providing better services to the consumers. The business process change in this case has done
through the digital disruption.
Critical awareness between tactic and strategic change in the organization:
The decisions regarding the strategic change is dependent on the decision making
ability of the manager. In this case, the business strategy can be successful if the perception
of the manager towards the organization is right and the experience of the manager can guide
his or her team in a proper way (Jäntti and Hotti 2016). The perception and the decision
making ability is the part of the tactic knowledge. It can be said that the adopted strategy can
be useful if the manager has the right tactic knowledge.
Five strategies to deal with the resistance to change:
 Resolving the conflicts among the employees in the organization: There can be
conflicts among the employees in the organization regarding the organizational
change.
 Identifying the issues in the employees: The employees are sustaining the change for
certain reasons. The identification of such reasons are needed to be identified by the
management of the organization.
 Making employees understand regarding change: The employees in the organization
are needed understand the necessity for the change in the organization. The

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organization has to make the employees understand regarding the advantages of the
change in the organization.
 Remaining the positive and supportive: the management of the organization is need to
be supportive and positive regarding the changes in the organization.
 Empowering the creation and creativity: The management of the organization should
inspire the employees to be creative and positive regarding the changes in the
organization.
Week 10: IS/IT benefits management and realisation:
Importance of the consistence in approach for the evaluation of IS investment:
The investment in IT has to be valued technically and from the business perspective.
It has been seen that most of the organizations are concerned about the technical value of the
IT/IS investment. However, the business perspective regarding the IT investment is needed to
be considered (Amanchukwu, Stanley and Ololube 2015). The evaluation and the monitoring
process is important as it will help to analyse the technical and the business value for a
respective IT investment.
Problems for justifying IT/IS:
The main problem regarding the justifying the problems of IT/IS is that the
organizations does not consider the business perspective for IT/IS investment.
Origins of IT cost in the organization:
For the improvement of the business functioning of the organization, the
implementation of the emerging technologies are needed to be carried out in a proper way. In
this situation, proper hardware and software are required for implementation. The investment
has to be made on the purchasing these things. All these investment are defined as the origin
of the IT cost.

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Current approaches of IT evaluation:
The current approaches of the IT evaluation includes the evaluation of the
performance of hardware and software. In this case, the technical aspects of the whole system
is evaluated. In most cases, these evaluation is failed as it does not include business aspect of
the investment or implementation (Karkoskova and Feuerlicht 2015). The business aspect of
the IT implementation indicates the contribution of the implemented IT system for the
business profitability.
Issues faced by the manager during the measuring of IT expenditure:
The issues faced by the managers in the organization during the IT expenditure is that
they value of the purchasing the equipment are considered during the implementation of the
IT in the organization (Maak, Pless and Voegtlin 2016). However, the organizational value
cannot be measured by the managers for the implementation.
Week 11 Strategic IT/IS leadership and IT governance:
Difference between COBIT and ITIL:
ITIL is a set of best practice for the IT service management. On the other hand
COBIT is a business framework for the governance. ITIL focuses on the internal IT process.
On the other hand COBIT is concerned about the audit and compliance process.
IT leadership skills needed for the technological innovations:
 The leader himself or herself should be technically knowledgeable.
 The leader should be aware about the list of technologies relevant and necessary for
the organizational functions.
 The leader is needed to be active and passionate about the digital disruption in the
organization.

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 The team members are needed to be inspired by the leader to implement the
technological functionalities for different modules.
Difficulty in managing the skills for the technological experts:
The difficulties in managing the skills for the technical experts is that individual
experts thinks the different solution to solve a single problem. This makes the confusion
regarding selection of the right and feasible solution for the particular problem.
IT governance:
IT governance is the process to align the IT and technology for the organization. IT
governance manages the merging of the IT strategy and business strategy. Through the IT
governance the organization can achieve the strategic goals.
Evaluation of the IT governance approaches:
The IT governance approaches are COBIT and ITIL. COBIT is concerned about the
business framework in the organization driven by IT (Tate and Bals 2017). On the other hand
ITIL is concerned about the governing the internal IT process of the organization.
Difference between managers and the leaders:
The managers are made to execute the instruction from the higher authority. On the
other hand, the leaders are the persons who are responsible for the innovative thinking a
making the path breaking decisions for the organization (Wu, Straub and Liang, 2015). The
managers can instruct the employees to execute the program. On the other hand the leaders
are responsible for inspiring the employees to collectively achieve the organizational goal.
Transformation leadership:

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In the transformation leadership, the main attribute of the leader is that the leader
works with the team for the betterment and the required changes in the organization (Meijer
2015). It has been seen that through he transformational leadership the opinions of the
employees are considered. On the other hand the employees can feel that they are also the
part of the implementation the change in the organization.
Innovative technological leadership
Through the innovative technological leadership, the leader uncovers the business
scopes and opportunities through the use of emerging technology. The technological
leadership is suitable for the growing organizations.
Week 12: Presentation
Five threats to computer resources:
 The resources can be attacked and damaged by the malicious codes and virus.
 The internal employees in the organization can damage the system purposefully.
 Without the proper security, the physical damage of the system can be done.
 Without the proper maintenance the resources from the computer can be lost.
 The damage of the system can happen if the system is not handled in a proper way.
Mitigations to the computer threats:
 The system is needed to be kept in a secured place.
 The use of VPN, Firewall and the antivirus software are needed to be used for each of
the existing system in the organization.
 The system is needed to be secured through the username and password.
Five main attribute of the IS professional:
The five main attributes of the IT professionals are:

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 The IS professionals are knowledgeable about the latest technology in the industry.
 The IS professionals should implement the certain solution for the relevant for the
situation.
 The IS professionals should execute the code which will minimize the execution time
for the system.
 While developing and implementing the system the IT professionals should maintain
the ethical code of conducts.
 The technology developed by the organization should meet all the requirements of the
clients.

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