Individual Report on the Impact of Information Technology in Business

Desklib provides solved assignments and past papers to help students succeed.

CFPBUS003
Introduction to Information Technology
Assignment -1
Individual Report
I declare that this assignment is all my own work and that I have acknowledged all materials
used from the published or unpublished works of other people. All references have been duly
cited.
Student Name:
Student ID:
1

Abstract
Internet and Information Technology are a major part of today’s business. With the
development and enhancement in Information Technology, it is going to alter the people
lives. With the help of IT, businesses have successfully reached to more customers and foster
the new services and products quickly. It helped business organisations to connect with the
different suppliers from globally. Today’s world sees the great transformation from the
industrial economy to the Information and Technology economy. Revolution in ICT has
opened new opportunities in almost every sector and the progress is going to remain to
continue in the near future. The following report focuses on the impact of Information
Technology in the business.
2

Contents
Abstract......................................................................................................................................2
Introduction................................................................................................................................4
Literature Review.......................................................................................................................5
Analysis......................................................................................................................................6
LO1........................................................................................................................................6
LO2........................................................................................................................................7
LO3........................................................................................................................................8
LO4......................................................................................................................................10
LO5......................................................................................................................................11
LO6......................................................................................................................................12
Conclusion................................................................................................................................13
Reference..................................................................................................................................14
3

Introduction
Information Technology has marked the development and innovation in today’s society. It
has helped to increase communication and linking between different businesses. It has helped
the business to reduce the cost and produce more quality-centric products in the market.
Information Technology has helped companies and business to think different and withstand
in the competitive world. IT has helped in the storage and effective maintenance of the
information helping companies to store and update files whenever needed.
The following report addresses the following learning outcomes. It helps to identify the role
of IT in the business of the Tesco organisation. It considers the ethical and social issue
concerned with business and technology. It identifies and differentiates the types of networks.
It helps to discuss the importance of Internet and Intranet and its effect on today’s business.
One of the sections includes the importance of IT in the management sector. At last, the
report analysis different stages of system development life cycle known as SDLC. The report
also includes the literature review on Information Technology in the next following section.
4

Literature Review
This section conducts a literature review on the journal having a title –“Impact of Information
Technology on Lifestyle: A Literature Review and Classification” written by Payam
Hanafizadeh, Samira Ghandchi and Masoud Asgarimehr.
The article focuses on and highlights the importance of IT in the daily routine of lifestyle and
in many sectors of occupation. The authors describe the IT in the fields of energy, art,
spiritual life, health, education and learning, social lifestyle and in the workplaces and
environment. Authors considered that research has been conducted only in the one dimension
but there is a need to conduct the importance of IT in a different dimension of lifestyle and
business.
The author considers health as a significant wedge of the research describing the positive
effect of IT in the health sector. Application of video-conferencing has increased the training
of staffs and treatment. Technology and artificial intelligence with machine learning have
helped to cure many disabilities in the people. Information Technology has impacted the
education system and merging ICT with the traditional system has produced a great change in
the education system and has enhanced various opportunities in the field. The author
categorised social life into two segments according to environment and behaviour. IT has a
negative influence on the sector of social behaviour due to the violence and the day to day
cyber-crime increasing. ICT has a direct influence and brought revolution in the business and
workplaces. Authors have shown the positive impact of the IT in energy, art and spiritual life.
5

Analysis
LO1
Tesco is the largest retailer in the whole world standing at the third position in terms of gross
revenues. Tesco has its market in the seven countries and is the leading retail groceries in the
United Kingdom.
Tesco has identified the importance of IT and it has helped to compete with other retailers,
increase the satisfaction and quality of product to the customer. Use of e-mail and voice-mail
has helped the company to communicate with other business. Tesco has implemented digital
functions and clicks the option to buy the product which intensified the customer experience
and operating model. Online grocery shop has been established by the Tesco in 2000 and
which has seen rapid growth in sales. They implemented the option of click-collect where
customers order their item online and collect from their preferred location. It has adapted
various algorithms, operating model and data analytics to predict the trend of purchasing by
the customers. One of the initiatives of Tesco is Tesco Clucard a data-driven scheme for the
customer. It gave customers a point on their purchase. Launching of 24 - hour trading has
taken help of computerised and Internet-based operational methods maximising the efficiency
in controlling and maintaining the stocks electronically.
Tesco has planned to open dot.com which will be only made for Internet shopping activities.
Moreover, they are using various payroll services and checkout bills to automate the bill and
increase productivity. Opening of the site Tesco.com has revolutionised whole buying system
and made it online making comfortable for the customers to order (Asil and Naralan, 2016)
items without going to the stores. Queries of the customer can be solved in seconds and
feedback can help in improving the strategies in taking a decision. It has helped the company
to globalize their product and reach a wider range of customers. Establishment of Just in
Time (JIT) has eliminated the barrier of location and helped to decrease the cost. Use of
internet, fax, databases, CAD, e-mail has all increased the operation and enhanced
productivity and efficiency. It has leveraged the technology of smartphones to enable the in-
store experience of the customer. Broccoli cam has helped to detect the decayed fruits and
vegetables and send instant alert notification to the manager.
6

LO2
Ethical and Social Issue
New technology brings various benefits but it is also concern with the ethical and social
issues. An ethical issue related to information technology is known with the name computer
ethic or techno ethic. With the increase of technology, there is more increase in the number of
data breaches and violation of data and privacy of people. Rise of unethical sites has become
very easy to access and created many social problems and crime. Overuse of the Internet can
result in addiction and harm the social environment. Violent games have resulted in the
aggression and antisocial behaviour of the individual. Cybercrime, cyber theft is increasing
day by day over the Internet. Interfering Digital Signature, Digital communication and
counterfeiting is considered all against the ethical issue of technology.
Techno-ethic is the research in which all the aspects of moral and ethical issues are concerned
with the technology. Nowadays companies and organisation have started to invest their little
sum on maintaining the ethical and social issue to maintain (Pawar and Agarwal, 2017) the
efficient workflow and interaction between the team members. The ethical issue of
technology includes proper use of technology and safeguarding against the misuse and
protecting it from turning into a negative impact. Government has enforced various laws to
protect the privacy of the information. Companies look after various issues and concern
before using certain technology to see if it’s harming any individual or ethical issue of the
organisation.
Some Important ethical issues related to the technology are Security, Communication,
Privacy, Content, Copyright Infringement, Decision-Making Issue, Governance issue,
Compliance problem, Diversity among people, the behaviour of individual towards the
company, boss, colleagues, respecting the culture of employees and constraint of using social
media. Fundamental ethics a company or business should possess are trust and honesty which
define the success rate of the company.
Ethical and social issue concern in the Tesco is: The Company has made many policies and
enforces many laws regarding the ethical issue. Tesco (Aljawarneh, et.al, 2017) has
implemented to respect the religious belief of the local people and population. Tesco has
created a work culture to enhance communication and avoid misunderstanding. Tesco has
taken use of technology which can increase the efficiency without affecting any individual.
7

8

LO3
Different Types of network
 Local Area Network – LAN is the used to connect the computers and devices in the
short distance. They are a private network operating at (Dutta, et.al, 2015) high speed.
LAN is a simple network and is easy to design.
 Personal Area Network – It is the smallest kind of network. It consists of modem,
computer, phones, tablets and printers. They reside around the individual person. This
type of network is generally found in a single device and is present in small offices.
 Campus Area Network – They lie between the LAN and MAN. These networks are
generally used for university purposes and schools. These network help to share
resources between buildings which are close.
 Wireless Local Area Network – This network does not use any physical cables or
wires for the network connection. They transmit data with the help of radio waves.
WLAN is used in phones and gained much popularity, examples: Wi-Fi.
 Wide Area Network – It is an extended version of LAN in which devices can be
connected over larger distance. They use single (Denecke, et.al, 2015) network to
remotely connect computer when distances between them are larger. Example of such
type of network is the Internet.
 Metropolitan Area Network – MAN is bigger than LAN but comes under the WAN.
It is used to connect the geographical area of a particular city. It can be controlled by a
single person. MAN consist of elements of both LAN and WAN.
 Storage – Area network – This network is used to connect storage devices like hard
disk, tapes to the servers. They are not dependent on WAN or LAN. These networks
keep storage resources in the high-performance speed network.
 Enterprise Private Network – They are highly private network owned by a
particular enterprise. These networks are generally used to secure the connection and
share resources between their branches.
 Passive Optical Local Area Network - It is used to connect point-to various multi-
points for the communication network. They use splitters to (Li, et.al, 2015) divides
the optical signals.
 Virtual Private Network – Extending PAN over the Internet, it creates a virtual
network to receive the transmission. They generally provide point-to-point
communication.
9

 System- Area Network – They are used to connect different servers providing high
communication speed. This is a new type of network came recently to provide
services for the processor to processors connection.
 Internetwork – Using of Internet Protocol like TCP and OSI for the communication
is known as Internetwork. It is a connection of two or more LAN and WAN via
devices. Two types of Internetwork are categorised: Extranet and Intranet.
10

LO4
Internet – Network of the network is known as the Internet which is used to connect various
devices all over the globe. Internet uses single unified protocols and standards for addressing
communication between two devices. The Internet has brought revolution in today’s world
and changed the outlook of work and business. The biggest use of the Internet is the World
Wide Web, emails, file sharing etc. It is a form of gateway for accessing (Pawar and
Agarwal, 2017) information and global new in an instant. It is a vast network, open and easily
accessible network. The Internet has made work with ease and used worldwide. Today’s
generation can’t even think their single work without the help of the Internet. It has
application in almost every field, for example, health, business, finance, management, and
industry, construction, medical, military and aerospace and education.
Intranet – It is a type of private network which resides which is used for communication
within the organisation or company. These types of network are used for developing internet
technology which can be used for accessing through web browsers. This network is used to
connect various Personal Computers with each other. It ensures security and only people who
own the network can access. It is the network of interlinked LANs. The benefits of Intranet
are it increases productivity, it helps to reduce the cost, and it improves collaboration between
companies. It allows the business to acquire the Internet with the help of a firewall.
Use of Intranet and Internet in the business – The use of Internet and Intranet has increased
from the past few decades. The business has leveraged the Internet and helped the business to
expand businesses. The Internet has helped businesses and organisation in the sector of
communication, sales, marketing. It has helped companies to grow their business globally
and directly connect customers from across the world. It has improved the (Asil and Naralan,
2016) communication and helped to collect and extract information. Intranet has helped the
business to grow and increase the communication need of an organisation. It helps in
providing a secure network for storing and accessing data. Intranet has helped in increasing
the efficiency of the organisation by enhancing workflows and reducing errors and replacing
the flaws of the older solution with the intranet.
11

LO5
Information Technology is the advancement in the field of computer which helps to store,
process and transmit information in the form of electronics and digital. They consist of
organized and structured procedures to carry out information. Information Technology or
system consists of data generated from different sources.
Information technology help organisation to manages functions like planning, directing,
maintenance and organizing. It also helps in managing (Sargolzaei and Nikbakht, 2017) the
financial and accountancy of the organisation. IT tools like CRM, CAD, ERP CAM, BI has
helped in the management of the organisation. It has helped to improve the planning and
monitoring system in the management. It has helped to plan the activities by making the right
decision towards the growth of the business.
Information technology helps to extract and collect data from a large amount of data sources.
Then it allows that data to be stored in databases where modification, alteration, deletion and
addition of Data in that database. IT helps to track and plan all the activities of the project.
The facility of cloud computing as provided in the management of (Hanafizadeh, 2017) large
amount of data without owning the technology. Use of video conferencing and e-mail has
helped to has enhanced the communication between the workers and made the management
of activities flexible and easy. It has helped in managing human resource. The use of ERP has
in managing the business has proved to be of great use and automate the operations.
12