Detailed Analysis of IT Infrastructure Solutions in Organizations

This report delves into the analysis of IT infrastructure, focusing on data structure principles and layered system architecture to enhance organizational efficiency. The introduction highlights the importance of IT in data management and organizational improvement, emphasizing the need for eff...Read More

Analysis on a Real life
Situation or Problem

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION:..........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
ASSESSMENT 1.............................................................................................................................1
Key principles and features of data structure usage in IT infrastructure solution for
organisation............................................................................................................................1
ASSESSMENT 3.............................................................................................................................2
Classify IT infrastructure components and the theory behind its solutions. ........................2
A layered system architecture and computers can increase the efficiency of organization...4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES:...............................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION:
Information technology is very useful for managing data and activities. It helps
organisation to store and retrieve data from database. Also, it helps in improving the efficiency
of organisation and employees (Laudon and Laudon, 2015). Moreover, for this an effective IT
architecture is needed. It consists of different components and application designs. In this certain
principles of data structure are followed. A network is created by combing each component
functions. It allows business to share data and information effectively. This report will throw
light on key principles and features of data structure usage in IT infrastructure. Also, how
systems are layered in networks that results in increasing efficiency of organisation is shown. In
next section IT infrastructure components and the theory behind its solutions is described.
MAIN BODY
ASSESSMENT 1
Key principles and features of data structure usage in IT infrastructure solution for organisation
There are various designs kept in mind for creating an IT architecture. These principles
show that how systems have to be used, how cost will be minimised, etc. (Avgerou and
Walsham, 2017). It will reflect on requirements that are needed to maintain it. Moreover,
principles helps in exte. The key principles are:-
Separation of concerns:- It means dividing the application according to its features so that the
functions does not overlap each other. It main purpose is to minimise the factor of interaction
points. With this it will be easy to achieve high connection and low coupling.
Single responsibility principles- This principle is followed so that each component must
perform a specific function. It will be beneficial in cohesive functionality in the overall
architecture.
Principle of least knowledge- It means that each component should not know about internal
details of other components (Bonino, Corno and De Russis, 2014). It will be useful in
maintaining the privacy of each component. With this
Don't repeat yourself (DRY)- it refers to specify purpose at one place. This means that
components' functionality must be implemented to specific one. It will reduce the duplicate in
other component functions.
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Minimise upfront design- it is related to cost of application design. In this the application
design must be tested so that it may not result in failure. Also, with this the application
requirements are cleared. With this help the overall cost of architecture can be minimised.
It must be kept in mind that while designing system, the architect must be braked into
different parts so that each part is separated resulting in reducing its complexity. This can be
done by following these principles. For example- user interface, business processing, etc.
belongs to different area (Narayanan and Cherukuri, 2018). So for this each area components
design must be separately designed.
In this there was effective collaboration between employees regarding using the
components. They designed it in such a manner so that it was easy to determine the complexity
of overall system. Each employee was assigned responsibility related to specific component. The
task given to them was designing the functions of each component. This lead to effective team
work and thus an entire IT architecture was developed (Demchenko, De Laat and Membrey,
2014)
ASSESSMENT 3
Classify IT infrastructure components and the theory behind its solutions.
IT infrastructure is composed of various components. These all are having their own
functions. They are selected on the basis of type on computer architecture. There are various IT
infrastructure components used in data structure. These are as follows:-
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Computer hardware platforms- It includes the machines or servers for processing data and
information. They are mainframes of application
Operating system platform- These systems manage resources and activities for the user. It also
acts as an interface between user and machine. They create a link between client and machine.
For example- operating systems are windows, Linux, Ubuntu, etc. (Bonino, Corno and De
Russis, 2014).
Data management and storage- It is then most essential part of computer architecture. It
includes devices or software for storing data. They create a database in which data and
information is stored. For this technologies such as storage area network (SAN) is used. It
connects multiple storage devices in high speed network.
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Illustration 1: IT infrastructure ecosystem
(Source: Infrastructure components, 2018 )

Internet platform- In includes devices or software that are related to internet related services. It
is used to maintain websites, intranet and extranet. In this various web software tools are used. It
consists of server, firm networking infrastructure, etc.
Networking and telecommunication platform- It includes networking devices or software
such as TCP/IP, WAN, LAN, etc. (Narayanan and Cherukuri, 2018)
System integration services- They are known as firm policies and laws relating to use of
computer architecture. It is generally firm traditional systems that are used in creating base for
computer architecture. It also includes solutions to changes in business processes, software
integration, etc.
Software applications- It includes software like SAP, Oracle that will be used in application
systems.
For solving the various problems of components, it is essential that polices must be
developed. For examples- installing firewalls, anti viruses, etc. in systems will reduce the risk of
getting damaged. Also, installing routers or hubs in the network will help in effective sharing of
data. This will create an environment that will enhance business efficiency.
While developing IT infrastructure there was many challenges arise. It was related to how
the system will be managed. For this each employee was given role and responsibility related to
one component. It showed him what task he has to perform. Also, how changes will be
implemented. Moreover, the challenges was evaluated on the basis of complexity of components
used (Demchenko, De Laat and Membrey, 2014)._ More complex component then more
effective technique is required to manage them.
A layered system architecture and computers can increase the efficiency of organization
The organization mainly requires the layered structure in order to solve the complex
problems in an easy manageable way. By making use of layered structure in small manageable
units the complex problems are decomposed. As one by sharing the services provided by each
other the layers mainly works. With the use of this approach the framework is provided that will
implement multiple specific protocols per layer. ISO stands for international organization of
standardization. This model is also termed as open system interconnection(OSI).There are about
7 layers in this ISO-OSI models and it was layer architecture and is mainly used in order
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organization to increase its efficiency and to solve the issues. In a complete communication
system it defines the seven layers or levels (Oba,Moreraand Das, 2015).
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Illustration 2: OSI Model
(Source: OSI Model , 2018)

 Through the use of OSI models the big picture of communication over networks is
understandable.
 The new technologies that are being developed can be understood with the use of this
model
 By separate networks it makes the troubleshooting easier.
The different layers perform different functions. They are as follows-:
Physical layers
In the OSI model this layers is the lowest layer. The physical connection in the
organization is activated, maintained and deactivated with the use of these layers. Over the
network it is also responsible for the transmission and reception of the unstructured raw data. In
the physical layer the voltages and data rates that are required for transmission is defined and it
converts the digital and analogue bits to electrical signals. In this layer the data encoding is also
being done (Narayanan and Cherukuri, 2018) .
Data link layers
Over the physical layers this layer will synchronize the information that is to be
transmitted. In the organization the main function of this layer is to make ensure that data
transfer is without any errors from one node to other. By this layer the transmitting and receiving
data frames sequentially is managed. In between the two nodes this layers established a logical
layers and also manage the frame traffic control over the network.
The networking layers
Through different channel from one node to another this network layer will route the
signal. It manly acts as a network controller in the organization and manages the subnet traffic. It
is being decided by this data layers that which route that the data should take. The outgoing
packets are being decided into packets and assembles the incoming packages into messages for
higher level (Chan,Yip and Ng, 2017).
Transport layers
This layer will decide whether transmission of data will be on the parallel path or single
path. By this layer the functions such as multiplexing, segmentation, or splitting are being done.
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From the session layer that is above it this layers receives message and then convert the message
in small units and on the network layers it passes it on. Depending on the requirements of the
network the transport layers can be very complex. The messages are being broken down into
smaller units by this layers so that it can be handled more effectively by the network layers.
Session layers
In between two application this layer will mange and synchronize the conversation. From
the source to destination the transfer of data are marked by this layer and also the data loss is also
being avoided by this layer (Appleman and Kurnit, 2014).
Presentation layer
In this layer the care is taken so that in order to make sure that the sent message is
understood by the receiver. While receiving the data, presentation layer transforms the data to be
ready for the application layer. The data compression, data encryption, data conversation etc are
also being performed by these layers.
Application layers
This is the topmost layers in the OSI model . In order to act upon the received and to be
sent data this layer mainly holds the application programs.
The computers and all the layered structures layers that is disused above will be useful in
order to ensure that to the destination the data is being sent without any delay. With the help of
this layered structure a common platform will be created for the software developers and
hardware manufacturers that will encourage the creation of networking products that can interact
with each other over the network. It will also be useful in the organization as it will divide the
large data exchange process in smaller segments in order to help the network administrator. Also,
the smaller segments are easier to understand and manage and troubleshoot. With this network
architecture the different types of network hardware and software will be able to communicate.
The redundancy and error in the data will be less due to use of this model as it will detect and
correct the data and in order to make sure that the data is stored safely in the organization it
makes use of data encryption (Fan and Sun, 2015).
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CONCLUSION
Thus summing up the above report it can be concluded that information technology is
very useful for managing data and activities. It helps organisation to store and retrieve data from
database (Narayanan and Cherukuri, 2018) . The key principles of data structure usage in IT
infrastructure solution for organisation are separation of concerns, single responsibility principles
and principle of the least knowledge The organization mainly requires the layered structure in
order to solve the complex problems in an easy manageable way. By making use of layered
structure in small manageable units the complex problems are decomposed. In the layered
architecture the 7 layers are there that is session, presentation, application layers etc. In the
organization this architecture will be useful in order to make sure that data is safe and there is no
error in the data transfer.
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REFERENCES:
Books and journals:
Appleman, K.H. and Kurnit, S.P., About Inc, 2014. System and method for collecting content
using templates for distribution to internet users. U.S. Patent 8,719,333.
Avgerou, C. and Walsham, G. eds., 2017. Information Technology in Context: Studies from the
Perspective of Developing Countries: Studies from the Perspective of Developing
Countries. Routledge.
Bonino, D., Corno, F. and De Russis, L., 2014. A semantics-rich information technology
architecture for smart buildings. Buildings.4(4). pp.880-910.
Chan, H.M., Yip, C.P. and Ng, K.C., Pismo Labs Tech Ltd, 2017. Methods and systems for
transmitting broadcast data. U.S. Patent 9,584,331.
Demchenko, Y., De Laat, C. and Membrey, P., 2014, May. Defining architecture components of
the Big Data Ecosystem. In Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), 2014
International Conference on (pp. 104-112). IEEE.
Fan, W. and Sun, D., 2015, August. A Near Field Communication (NFC) security model based
on OSI reference model. In Trustcom/BigDataSE/ISPA, 2015 IEEE (Vol. 1, pp. 1324-1328).
IEEE.
Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2015. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital
Firm Plus MyMISLab with Pearson eText--Access Card Package. Prentice Hall Press.
Narayanan, M. and Cherukuri, A.K., 2018. Verification of Cloud Based Information Integration
Architecture using Colored Petri Nets.
Oba, Y., Morera, R. and Das, S., Toshiba Corp and Telcordia Technologies Inc, 2015. PLMN
selection and inter-system mobility policy conflict resolution for multi-interface user. U.S.
Patent 8,971,239.
Online:
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Key Principles of Software Architecture, 2018. [Online] Available Through:
<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-in/library/ee658124.aspx>
Infrastructure components, 2018. [Online] Available Through:
<https://paginas.fe.up.pt/~als/mis10e/ch5/chpt5-2bullettext.htm>
OSI Model 2018. [Online] Available Through: <http://nhprice.com/what-is-ios-model-the-
overall-explanation-of-ios-7-layers.html>
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