Integrating Change and Project Management for Successful IT Delivery

This dissertation investigates the critical relationship between organizational change management (OCM) and successful IT project delivery. The study explores the importance of integrating change management within IT projects, particularly in the context of the Malaysian public sector. It examines the background, problem statement, research questions, and objectives, emphasizing the need for organizations to adapt to constant changes in the business environment. The literature review covers OCM, project management methodologies, and the value of integration, addressing reasons for project failure and success factors. The methodology section outlines hypotheses, operational definitions, and instrumentation. The research highlights the significance of change management in mitigating risks, sequencing technical activities, and ensuring effective information exchange, ultimately aiming to enhance project outcomes and organizational performance. The study underscores the importance of understanding and embracing change within organizations to achieve agility and remain competitive in the marketplace. The dissertation emphasizes the need for integration of change management within IT projects to ensure the desired behavioral outcomes and overall project success.

Running head: DISSERTATION
Integrate Organizational Change Management and Project Management for Successful Delivery
of IT Project
Name of Student
Name of University
Author Note

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction........................................................................................................4
1.1. Background of the study...........................................................................................4
1.2. Problem Statement....................................................................................................9
1.3. Research Questions...................................................................................................9
1.4. Research Objectives................................................................................................10
1.5. Significance of the Study........................................................................................11
1.6. Scope of the Study..................................................................................................13
1.7. Structure of the Study.............................................................................................14
Chapter 2: Literature Review.............................................................................................17
Relationship between Organizational Change Management and Successful Delivery of
IT Project...................................................................................................................................17
Organizational Change Management (OCM)............................................................17
The Essence of Change Management........................................................................18
Understanding of Human Behavior towards Changes...............................................20
Specific Programs in Change Management...............................................................21
Capability of Changes................................................................................................22
Ways of Managing Changes in Projects....................................................................23
Model for Organizational Changes............................................................................24
To determine the relationship of Integrated Change and Management to the
successfully delivery of IT project............................................................................................26

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Definition of Integrated Change Management..........................................................26
Reasons for Project Failure........................................................................................27
Value for Integration Change Management..............................................................29
Dimension included in Integration............................................................................30
Inputs in Performing ICM.........................................................................................31
Tools and Techniques to perform ICM.....................................................................32
Outputs after Performing ICM...................................................................................34
Relationship between Project Management and successful delivery of IT project.......34
Success Factors..........................................................................................................36
Project Management Methodologies.........................................................................37
Standardization Methodology....................................................................................38
Customization Methodology.....................................................................................38
Mixture of Combination and Standardization Methodology.....................................39
Project Governance Framework................................................................................39
Reason behind adoption of PMM..............................................................................40
Necessities for Successful Delivery of IT Project.....................................................41
Summary........................................................................................................................44
Chapter 3: Methodology....................................................................................................44
Hypotheses/Propositions Development.........................................................................48
Operational Definition and Instrumentation..................................................................53

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References..........................................................................................................................60

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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1. Background of the study
Change within an organization is inevitable as the business organizations have to go
through constant changes. These changes are mostly brought about by the world around and all
the aspects that can affect the business operations and business outcomes. Change management
helps in easing the transition of an organisation which specifically helps employees within an
organisation to cope up with all the changes that the business is facing currently and makes it
easier for them to accept, understand, commit and embrace the changes that it would probably be
involved with their day to day activities bringing about several changes. Integration of change
management within a project is quite critical for delivering an IT project in a successful manner.
Integration of change management is critical for seeking different ways of improving the profit
margin and sustainable growth of an organization. A number of organization might adapt to
changes for staying competitive in the marketplace (Hornstein, 2015). Therefore, accurate
change management within an organization is a critical need for delivering relevant results
Worley & Mohrman, 2014). The importance of the study initiates understanding of change
management within an organisation when the business environment is undergoing constant
changes affecting the operations of a business. If proper research is organised to allow people be
accustomed to change management and handle all the impacts, it would be easier for the people
to help in acquiring new skills, explore their opportunities and exercise all the availability of
creativity that they could utilise for ultimately adding to the benefits of the organisation with that
increased commitment and exploring of new ideas. The idea is to you have a broader knowledge
about change management within organisations and enable the awareness to every person
associated with business environment and the ever-impending changes. There have been many

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studies conducted on the change management in in organisations, especially in the developing
countries. It has been found that mostly about 35% of organisations do not understand how the
change management might affect the business in a positive way and face the consequences of
having the business established and running in the same traditional procedures that it has been
since a long time period. Thus, the capability of a particular organization is mainly related to
adaption of the internal along with the external changes within a particular organization and the
organizations failing to accept these changes are facing issues in sustaining within the industry
(Harrison & Lock, 2017). In this context, the example of a recent report from Pulse of Profession
(2018), can be highlighted which indicated that almost 71% of the organization generally report
greater agility in comparison to the last five years The agility within the organization can be
achieved only if the organization is ready to accept the changes that are proposed. The study has
been undertaken with an aim of integration of change management within an organization to
ascertain that the project is delivered in a possibly effective manner.
Change management is vital in context of project management as it refers to the tools and
the processes that indicates that the management of the project within the team is possible.
Organizational change management is common to every project organization as it ascertains that
the desired behavioural outcome of the project is achieved (Too & Weaver, 2014). Integration of
change management with project management is quite integral as change is introduced within an
organization and can be easily managed even from the technical side (Davies & Mackenzie,
2014). There have been an increasing focus on change management as it helps in providing the
structure and processes to the management and project execution. The change management as
well as project management generally aims in increasing the likelihood of successful project
completion and further helps in delivering the intended results (Tidd & Bessant, 2018). Ach

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project discipline can function in an independent manner so that management of change within
the project can be well integrated to the works that are completed as a part of the project (Brady
& Davies, 2014). Integration of management of the change helps in creation of the value on a
given project which helps in initiation of a particular project for various reasons.
Management of a project along with change management are generally integrated for
focusing on a particular objective, which in turns improves the performance of an organization.
The improvement in the organizational performance generally helps in delivery of the intended
results and outcomes (Kaiser et al., 2015). It is noticed that when change management is
integrated in management of a project, a number of efforts can be made for management and
mitigation of the major risks linked with the project (Hayes, 2018). Change management is
further important for delivery of successful IT projects mainly because it helps in better
sequencing of the technical activities that are linked with the project (Tidd & Bessant, 2018).
Thus, management of change within a project helps in embracing the changes for producing right
outcomes for a particular project Worley & Mohrman, 2014). Change management further
involves effective information exchange that ensures that the employees are updated about the
various tasks that are being performed as a part of the undertaken project. Integration of change
management within an organization is further necessary for management of the process
dimension within an organization (Cameron & Green, 2015). Sequencing along with the aligning
with the technical side activities in an IT project defines the processes that are needed to be
completed within a project. The process dimension has a key role in determination of the process
of change management, that is needed to be followed within an organization (Doppelt, 2017).
There is a possible difference between project management and management of the change in a
project. Change management particularly focuses on the people who are affected by

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implementation of any change within the project (Worley & Mohrman, 2014). Organizational
change management is one of the vehicles of project management as the process of change
management is rightly utilized by the stakeholders for creation of value within an organization.
Manager of a project generally play an instrumental role in facilitating the project adoption long
with the outputs and the deliverables of a project.
IT projects are generally considered to be a vehicle of change and therefore, its timely
delivery with the resources available (Goetsch & Davis, 2014). The managers of any IT project
play a strong role in facilitating the adoption of the outputs and the deliverables of the project.
One of the best practises of integration of different change management activities within project
management is to understand the need of introducing the change (Tidd & Bessant, 2018). The
study that is being undertaken aims in analysis of the key areas in which the said change is
needed (Kuipers et al., 2014). This is one of the main reasons why the public sector of Malaysia
has undergone a number of planned activities. Change management is part of public sector ICT
activities that has been established in line with the transformation plan of the government, which
is developed in the year 2020 (Cameron & Green, 2015). The public sector ICT strategies on the
other hand seems to align with the use of technology. The main focus area of the study is to
make use of change management in such a way that efficient and productive project is delivered
Worley & Mohrman, 2014). The enhancement of the different factors of project management
helps in delivering a faster outcome. Effective change management practices helps in taking new
initiative in a public sector agency (Cameron & Green, 2015). The public sector is generally
known for facilitating the optimal use of the IT so that effective benefits of the services provided
are facilitated (Tidd & Bessant, 2018). The primary aim that the study is taking up based on this
research would focus on the awareness of change management within an organisation to

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understand its effective benefits within the organisation once it has been implemented. Change
management is generally implemented in a project to provide a good quality and end to end
technology service to the users. As per the statistical data provided by the Eleventh Malaysia
Plan from 2016 to 2020, the commitment of the Government of Malaysia to fulfil the aspirations
of the people has been taken into consideration and it has been found that the country has found
the best economic growth records in the past few years. This has been based on the economic
growth records that has been gathered in the last 5 years. This has found that the GDP growth in
Malaysia has found a proper and stable growth about 6.2% per annum since the data collected
over 1970. The increase in capita has also been over 25 times as it has been found that the
increase in the household monthly income has raised from 264 RM in 1970 to 6,141 RM. It has
also gone through the changes regarding the New Economic Policy, the National Development
Policy, National Vision Policy and the National Transformation Policy (Eleventh Malaysia Plan
2016-2020, 2015). Therefore, from the analysed data, we could understand how important would
it be to enhance the traditional systems and implement relevant changes as the theories of project
management suggests (Project Management Institute, 2017).
Various researches have been conducted on change management as well as project
management for identification of the process of contributing to the different activities within a
project (Hornstein, 2015). The research takes into consideration the need of implementation of
management of change in projects of Malaysia (Bradley, 2016). It is identified that both project
management and change management have the capability of working together in an effective
manner so that organizational changes can be executed in a proper manner (Worley & Mohrman,
2014). However it is also been found that the inability of the employees and business executives
for understanding the benefits of change management has also lead to various problematic

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situations for a business in coping up with the business environment that has been changing
constantly along with the requirements and specifications of the customers about their needs
from a particular organisation regarding its products and services, which can be blamed on the
lack of researches to have a proper understanding of the Change Management procedure. (Matos,
Marques Simoes & Esposito, 2014). One of the main reasons behind undertaking this research
study is to analyse the factors that can help in management of the change that brings about the
positive changes and the realisation of the associated people along with the implemented changes
when the realisation of change management is not acquired.
1.2. Problem Statement
The identification of changing a business operation from its traditional form to newly
improved and innovative form synchronising with the changes related to business enviornemnt is
essentially required to understand why a business is leading to success or failure in its long run.
Various organisations do not understand this particular fact that change is required as a
traditional procedure that the business used to follow is no longer bringing them any benefits
(Cameron & Green, 2015). The effect of the ever-changing business prospects, the business
environment and the innovative strategies to make the business cope up with all the surrounding
aspects that may affect a business is found to be unrecognised in many business organisations.
This is why it is required to be researched about for the identification of effective change
management to understand the degree of success or failure of a project and also identify the
reasons for which it occurred (Worley & Mohrman, 2014). 70% of the IT projects fails mainly
because of an ineffective plan and therefore working on the plan is necessary for implementation
of the project successfully, which the project aims to look forward to find out.

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1.3. Research Questions
Identification of the research questions is necessary to address the main objectives of the
research with the utilization of quantitative secondary research findings. The questions identified
for the research are indicated as follows-
1. What is the relationship between Organizational Change Management and Successful
delivery of IT Project?
2. What is the relationship between Project Management and Successful delivery of IT
Project?
3. What is the relationship between Integrated Change and Project Management to
successfully delivery of IT project?
The above research questions are to be evaluated so that answer to the identified research
questions are identified. The objectives of the research is identified on basis of the identified
research questions.
1.4. Research Objectives
The objectives of the research are identified on basis of the research questions that are set
for the research. The main objectives of the research are identified as follows-
 To determine the relationship between Organizational Change Management to achieve
successful delivery of IT Project implementation
 To determine the relationship between Project Management to achieve successfully
delivery of IT Project Implementation
 To determine the relationship of Integrated Change and Management to the successfully
delivery of IT project

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The above objectives are identified on basis of the identified research questions. The
fulfilment of each of the objective of the study is critical for success of the study that is
undertaken. Thus, it can be said that the fulfilment of the identified research objectives is
necessary. The accurate fulfilment of all the research objectives are necessary to address the
process in which the information is delivered to the clients. The main objectives of the project
should be fulfilled at the end of the research.
1.5. Significance of the Study
In a research project, it is quite necessary to know the significance of the study. It is
necessary to study the extent to which the information sharing process can help in
implementation of change within an organization (Tidd & Bessant, 2018). The practical and the
theoretical significance is extremely important to understand the basis of study as understanding
the theoretical aspects and synchronising it with the practical applications to find out the
justification of validation of the entire study is important. The study involves investigation of the
main relationship between project management and change management so that the needed
changes in the organization can be realized. Integration of change management help in successful
delivery of a project as business organization mainly adapt to the organizational change that
holds significant importance in management of a project (Hornstein, 2015). The business
organization adapt to management of change within an organization that delivers results that can
effectively tackle the changes. The study is of significant importance and can be improved in an
effective manner (Matos, Marques Simoes & Esposito, 2014). Application of change
management generally enables an organization to build competencies related to the growth of a