Analysis of IT Systems: Development, Design, and Globalization Impact

This report provides a detailed overview of information systems and their techniques, emphasizing their role in today's technological world. It delves into various methods companies use to gain competitive advantages, including different support systems like MIS and KSM. The report discusses theories, methods, and techniques related to IT solution development and design, using examples like McAfee and MS Office. It further explains various systems such as DSS, ESS, TPS, MIS, and KSM, highlighting their functions and importance in business operations. The impact of globalization on IT is explored, covering aspects like increased PC use, reduced transportation costs, the launch of the World Wide Web, automation, workflow software, supply chain methods, and open sourcing. Finally, the report examines digital infrastructure, including its advantages and disadvantages, focusing on its role in connecting customers and improving user experience. This student contributed assignment is available on Desklib, a platform offering study tools for students.

SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION
IT system and infrastructure plays a vital role in technological world. The present
report will provide detail information about information system and its techniques used
by companies. Various methods have been adopted by different companies in order to
satisfy their competitive advantages. Further the report will explain about various
support system like MIS, KSM and others. At last, the case study will provide the pros
and cons of digital infrastructure and discuss the reason behind risk associated with
information system outsourcing.
Information system
Information system is organisational and sociotechnical process which is
designed in order to collect and store information. Many companies use their
information systems to manage and measures the resources in order to improve
business efficiency. Some of the firm rely upon these systems to compete in markets
globally. The function of these information systems is to manage business decision and
automation process.
TASK 1
Describing theories, methods and techniques relate to the development and design for
IT solutions.
IT solutions is a collection of software programs that are being sold by company
and designed in order to integrate multiple action. For example antivirus software
solutions for computer systems in order to solve problem.
There are various types of IT solutions such as cloud computing, cyber security and
software and hardware.
1. McAfee- It is a system which provides complete protection for all devices like
computer and laptops. It offers software and multi device protection along with
home network security. The main purpose of launching this system is to provide
antivirus software and protection such as web and identity protection. This
solution helps protect against malware threats and antivirus cleaner. It is security
solution that protects personal data and secure VPN, Wi-Fi Scan and browsing

safely. It helps protect digital self and spyware removal and make data
unreadable to everyone.
2. MS office- It is software developed in order to produce several versions targeted
towards various computing atmosphere and end users. Here, it allows the
utilization on subscription model of business of the software, as customer of the
system receive feature updates for their actions. (Caldera and et.al., 2021).
Microsoft has developed various functions to emphasize products and service.
There are many word processors invented in the market included in Microsoft
office they are word and other web browser or drive that allows users to sync
files. The office suite involves word related program, PowerPoint, excel, outlook
and spreadsheet program.
TASK 2
Explaining the various systems with examples
1. DSS Decision support system
It is a program of computer used to support judgements and determinations in
the company. It analyses large amount of data that can be used to solve issue related to
business and in decision making process. It improves efficiency and management of the
company by gathering informational data. GPS planning is an example of DSS which
can be used to plan the best and fastest routes between two points. This will help to
monitor traffic in real time for route planning. There are various categories of DSS they
are data driven, model driven and document driven and others.
2. ESS executive support system
It is software program that allows and support users to transform personal data of
company so that it can be used for future requirements and access in quick manner. It
helps managers to attain easy access to external and internal information of the
company which is mostly related to decision making. It is useful to manage staffing and
accounting departments in the firm. Top level management use this system in order to
support structured issues and deal with it. This system mainly deals with billing
departments in the company. It helps the firm to forecast for the future requirements and
evaluate the data in systematic manner. ESS helps to improve personal efficiency and
increase organisational control.

3. TPS transaction processing system
This system is used by companies to maintain business transactions and keep
proper track on business operations. TPS records a transaction and provide documents
relating to the business transactions. This system involves modification and collection of
all business-related transaction data. Performance and consistency is the
characteristics of TPS. In this system there in no delay of transaction records and the
results are immediately available.
4. MIS management information system
It is used for decision making process in the company so that proper collaboration
can be maintained. It consists of software and hardware which is usually known as the
backbone of the company operations (Digital infrastructure, 2021). This system collect
data from multiple online systems in order to analyse the business information for
decision making process. There are various types of MIS systems they are sales and
marketing, accounting and finance, process and inventory control. Example of MIS-
stock control systems, order processing system and other related to it.
5. KSM knowledge management system
It helps to create collaboration within the company as it is useful to share information
from the very beginning of task. This system is designed by experts as a true multi user
system. KSM is a powerful business tool for building connection between employees.
Example- centralized resources in which all the employees work together by sharing
knowledge and work on the basis of their interest, experience and specializations.
These systems also include data driven objective around business performance,
business model which is competitive in nature, intelligence of business and others.
TASK 3
Discussing Globalization and effects of IT on globalization
Globalisation- globalisation means the growing interdependence of the world’s
population, beliefs, values, cultures and economies. There is an increasing trend in the
production of products. Due to increase in trade and exchange, the company brought
various services and products such as information, services, technology and
investments globally. According to experts, it is said that globalisation is not only trading
of goods but also an exchange of ideas and even protection against terrorist. There are

various kinds of globalization political, cultural and economic. The word globalisation
also refers to the movement of knowledge and technology across the foreign and
international borders. With respect to business and companies, globalization helps
companies and enterprise to find out the various ways to lower cost of products in order
to set so that they can produce their goods.
Due to increase in global competition, companies can drive prices down and
create large variety of choices for customers. Every company needs to understand
about globalisation for the future business. It is noted that firms that did not embrace
globalisation in effective way they face more risk losing a competitive advantage, which
allows business of other firm to take new opportunities in the market.
Information technology affect globalization in many ways
Increasing use of personal computer- technology advancement have
benefited globalization in many ways. But due to increase in use of personal computer
has also affected globalization as population is totally dependent on technology.
Additionally, the personal computer has allowed population to share views globally
through social media and mobile applications. The invention of the modem and phones
in which users could connect to a phone line and send e-mails through service
providers.
Reduce transportation cost- Across globe, technology has reduced the costs of
transportation which benefited global sourcing of inputs like raw materials and
eliminated another important barrier that was restricting globalization.
Launch of world wide web- Innovation of world wide web has encouraged the
technological advancements as it reduced the barriers of place and time while dealing
with business operations. As there is an increasing trend of utilization of internet at large
scale it has accelerates the pace of globalization. The internet allows population to
share information and knowledge across the globe. With the help of web now users
needed a common and basic way of viewing the web as it offers facilities of sharing
information to everyone through digitalization.
Automation- with the implication of automation, people can focus on faster
delivery in more effective way through which IT departments can focus on various
activities like raising ticket.

Work flow software- this software is basically used to enable employees in
different locations in order to automate business work flows such as documents,
information, tasks, etc. from one member to another. It is helpful to collaborate, manage
and design business data in other way. It is used to arrange meetings to each
department. The company focuses on the use of combination of the PC and e-mail work
flow suddenly, as it became so much quicker, easier and more effective to manage
things in better way. The only limitation that needs to be managed was that when
companies first began utilizing work flow software there were not many standards, even
within the similar firm. To fix this issue software companies now started creating
transmission protocols and languages such as, HTML and SMTP.
Supply chain method- nowadays, technology is easily transferable in order to
develop the functions of economy and countries where they can use high tech
production. This is the method in which integration has been done between vendors,
retailers and customers to create value for the firm (Bigo and et.al., 2021) This is the
most effective way of technology used by many companies and this become
competitive advantages for them. Supply chaining method has influenced globalization
because as supply chains grow, the global standard develops.
Open sourcing- This method provides facilities to the people as they could use
data anywhere in the world and also it gives empowerment to them. They started
following community driven software movement. It also provides facilities so that others
people could contribute to their work and efforts through their software programs thus
they can get facilities from it.
Improves standard of living- with the use of technology in effective way, the
individual can develop its income and also living standard.
Globalization encourages international and foreign competition as it result of the
increase of emerging market firms. It has become the strength of the company as it
adopt innovation and new technology. With the help of globalization the people can
spread knowledge in order to boost labour productivity growth and capacity of
innovation. Nowadays, multinational companies has started focusing on global supply
chain in order to grow their business and innovation capacity.

TASK 4
Giving an example of one digital infrastructure and its advantages and disadvantages
Digital infrastructure defines as the digital technologies that provide the
foundations for the company’s information technology and its business operations.
Examples- broadband and digital communications suites. Nowadays, market focus on
innovative ideas and technology which can attract customers. Digital infrastructure
provides seamless services and solutions to reach more customer for business
purpose. It provides high quality experiences to keep up with the clients demands and
employee performance. It helps to enhance the productivity of the customer. All the
people are increasingly hyperconnected and focus on using the new and latest
technologies on order to conduct their personal business (Hustad and Olsen, 2021). It is
said that if the company can’t keep up with customer needs then there will be someone
else who steps in to fill that gap because of competitive market. The company needs to
develop the best practices for infrastructure and cloud computing platforms.
Advantages- If any company use modern technology and digital infrastructure, then it
will allow connection to customers and share data through platforms and mobile apps
will create improved user experience. With the help of digital infrastructure company will
keep track and record about the latest technology and innovative ideas used by
competitors.
By creating and managing digital platform and attractive infrastructure in order to
connect different services and department will able to market to new clients more
effectively (Southwell, Thorson and Sheble, 2021). It offers employee engagement and
provide excellent service to customers and partners. Digital communication and
telecommunication are the fastest growing technology. Tools like email, mobile phones
and SMS used by many companies for communication.
Digital communication gives facility of video conferencing which can be done
over long distance via internet and other technologies. The effect of noise interference
is less and it is easy to implement and cheaper.
Due to channel coding, one can do correction and detection of mistakes as it is
easy in digital communication. Signals configuration is easy as compared to others and
probability of cross talk is very low (Zakaria, Grant and Luff, 2021). In digital

infrastructure communication, the involvement of hardware is more supple in digital
communication.
In order to maintain the security about information and personal data the
company utilizes signal processing functions like encryption to protect the personal
data. Because of its advance technology digital communication is cheaper and simple
as compared to other signals.
Disadvantages- In digital communication, the high-power consumption has been done
which create sometimes issue. It is possible that there is sampling error which can take
time and effort to correct it. If the information is not passed properly and convey in
wrong manner then there are chances of miscommunication. It will create conflicts
between employees and top management or any other group of people. Digital
communication requires more transmission bandwidth because of its higher data rate.
TASK 5
Risks associated with information systems outsourcing
 It can cause serious problems and issues like loss of control, inexperienced staff,
hidden costs and risk of leaking personal and business data or any strategic
information.
 When a company gives responsibilities for the development and running its
business to other firm, it may lose control of the functions of company’s
information system.
 The firm needs to pay attention on savings for the future and technical
discontinuities (LeBaron and Lister, 2021). First of all, installation cost needs to
be taken into considerations and parallel operations costs need to be
underestimated.
 Sometimes trade secrets may be leaked to competitive company which is risk for
competitive advantages. Personal and business-related information leakage can
be particularly damaging.
 It can create lack of qualification among staff and potential lack of compliance
and inability to attract customer because of rapid change in the technologies.

IT infrastructure so critical to digital transformation
IT infrastructure support the connection between people and places. It is said by
experts that getting digital infrastructure right and properly allows the company create
modular data and transactional functions effective (Dorlas, 2021). Digital
transformations help in increasing speed and provides customer experience by
digitizing and designing journeys. On the basis of recent surveys, it is noted that
organisation is restricted in its ability to support digital transformation.
Nowadays companies are more focusing on investing in software and services
rather that focusing on upgrading the system of infrastructure. The pressure of
competition and maintaining legacy system is the major reason behind this situation.
The companies are still having issues when trying to address digital transformation.
Upgradation and new infrastructure require extra budget and efforts and time to
maintain IT resources.
According to experts, the organization needs to invest in technology due market
competition and keep focus on the future requirement by analysing market structure and
trends. If the company fails to measure the importance of personal data and network
then it is limitation for the firm(He, Zhang and Li, 2021). It is noted that this situation is
all about connecting company to most critical application and providing development
and growth.
CONCLUSION
To conclude, IT solutions and systems has become the essential part of
globalization and helpful for business strategy. By examining the case study it is
analysed that company must focus on automation network and must use various
method in order to save resources and time, removing human mistakes with the help of
IT tools. Nowadays, knowledge and technology move into the global marketplace. By
evaluating the report, it is analysed that companies can use information technology to
create global strategies that will help them to compete and maintain a competitive
benefit in the global environment. Further, with the study it is concluded that do not
become a slave of digital technology and infrastructure but always keep track on them
in order to satisfy competitive advantages.

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Online
Digital infrastructure. 2021. [Online]. Available through: < https://base22.com/what-we-
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