ITC542 InterNetworking with TCP/IP: Assessment Item 2

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ITC542 - INTERNETWORKING WITH TCP/IP
ASSESSMENT ITEM 2

Table of Contents
Q1....................................................................................................................................................2
Q2....................................................................................................................................................4
Hands On Project 2-3...................................................................................................................4
Hands-On Project 3.2...................................................................................................................4
Q3..................................................................................................................................................13
Q4..................................................................................................................................................15
References.....................................................................................................................................19
Table of Figures
Figure 1: Online Subnet Calculator.................................................................................................4
Figure 2: First step...........................................................................................................................5
Figure 3: Second Step......................................................................................................................5
Figure 4: Third Step.........................................................................................................................6
Figure 5: Fourth Step.......................................................................................................................7
Figure 6: Fifth Step..........................................................................................................................7
Figure 7: sixth step...........................................................................................................................8
Figure 8: Seventh step.....................................................................................................................8
Figure 9: Eight step..........................................................................................................................9
Figure 10:Ninth step........................................................................................................................9
Figure 11: Tenth step.....................................................................................................................10
Figure 12: Eleventh step................................................................................................................10
Figure 13: Twelfth Step.................................................................................................................11
Figure 14: Thirteenth Step.............................................................................................................12
Figure 15: Foreshore Network Topology design...........................................................................15
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Q1.
The OSI model refer to an open network framework which is used to implement different
protocols for network services. This includes 7 layers which interact with other layers (above or
below layers). Every layer of model performs their specific functions over the data passed from
that layer. Following are the layers and their performed functions –
 Layer 1 – Physical Layer
This layer is also named as OSI model, bottom layer as it is present in the bottom of the stack
of OSI model. It is responsible for transmission of the data of physical medium. It includes
all the hardware’s such as cable, Network Interface Cards (NIC) etc.
 Layer 2 – Data Link Layer
It is the layer responsible for producing frames. Here encapsulation is performed over the
data flow from the layer of network to create frames. Physical addresses of source &
destination host is encapsulated with layer header. Functions performed by this layer are flow
control and synchronization.
 Layer 3 – Network Layer
This is the layer of network is accountable for producing packets. Here encapsulation is
performed over the data flow from layer of transport to create packets. Address of logical for
the source & destination host is encapsulated with layer header to form packets. Functions
performed by this layer are encapsulating segments and creating routing decisions.
 Layer 4 – Transport Layer
The layer of transport produces segments at the layer level. In transport layer there are two
protocols used TCP or UDP. The layer uses port numbers to define protocol used for that
particular data. Functions performed by this layer are port addressing and creating segments.
 Layer 5 – Session Layer
The layer of session is accountable a successful and long term coordination between two
hosts. This layer is used for generation of the session window between the hosts. Functions
of the Session layer is to synchronize and maintain a session window.
 Layer 6 – Presentation Layer
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This layer of the presentation is accountable for the conversion of the data passed from
application layer. The data is passed from the software level which is converted to network
level data. Functions performed at this layer are encryption and compression.
 Layer 7 – Application Layer
Application layer is accountable for the User related data. User interacts with the software
that uses the services of network or protocols. The data is passed to presentation layer for the
conversion of data. Example of applications – Chrome, Mozilla, Internet explorer, Safari etc.
There are 7 layers for model of OSI from which, upper three layers (Application Layer,
Presentation layer & Session layer) are called as software layer and the bottom three layers
(Network layer, Physical layer & Data Link layer) is also sometimes known as Network layer.
The software layers deal with the software data such as raw data, data encryption and
maintenance of session where network layers deal with the routing decisions, flow control and
transmission.
The Layer of network from the OSI model is also sometimes known as the layer of internet. As
the Network layer is the only layer which uses the logical IP addressing for its functionalities.
Over this layer the IP addresses are used by the routing protocols such as RIP, EIGRP, OSPF
etc., to create a routing decision for a particular packet. At this layer, IP address of the source &
IP address of the destination of the packet defined for creating a routing decision which
eventually helps in packet forwarding.
3

Q2.
Hands On Project 2-3
Figure 1: Online Subnet Calculator
In figure 1, is the hands on project 2-3 in subnet address related information is calculated. In this
project the online subnet calculator www.gestioip.com is used to calculate the subnet
information. First input, IP address of 192.168.0.0 in the section of IP address of the site and then
select 24 (255.255.255.0 - 254 hosts) from the dropdown of BM & click calculate. After clicking
a table will be shown with the information related to the subnet address.
Hands-On Project 3.2
To successfully implement the practical there need to follow the complete steps as:
4

1. The first step comprises executing Wireshark by searching the application using the
search box in windows.
Figure 2: First step
2. Once the Wireshark is open, the below display will be presented to the user. Then the
next step involves to click on capture menu and selecting the “option” option.
Figure 3: Second Step
5

3. This step involves to select an appropriate network interface or an accessable network
interface through which the system is connected to the network.
Figure 4: Third Step
4. This step consists of opening cmd using the search option in windows.
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Figure 5: Fourth Step
5. Here, it is required to ping the targeted system by using the ping command with the
targeted system IP address.
Figure 6: Fifth Step
7

6. The following shows the results after an successful ping to the targeted system.
Figure 7: sixth step
7. This step comprises of changing the filter option in the Wireshark to identify the packets
related to the service ICMP, DHCP and IPv6.
Figure 8: Seventh step
8

8. Once the filter option is set in the Wireshark, it displays all the results that comprises the
ICMP, DHCP and IPv6.
Figure 9: Eight step
9. Here the version is analyzed to verify that the captured packets are correct as version 6 =
0110.
Figure 10:Ninth step
9

10. Here, traffic class data is analyzed of the selected packet.
Figure 11: Tenth step
11. Here, other necessary details of packet are analyzed like payload layer, Next Header,
Next Hop, etc.
Figure 12: Eleventh step
12. Here, expanded information is collapsed.
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Figure 13: Twelfth Step
13. At this Wireshark file is saved into the storage using a proper file name.
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