ITC544 IT Fundamentals: Network Protocols, SDLC & ITSM Assignment 2

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ITC544 - IT FUNDAMENTALS
ASSESSMENT ITEM 4
ASSIGNMENT 2: NETWORK PROTOCOLS,
SDLC & ITSM

Contents
Question 1..................................................................................................................................3
Question 2..................................................................................................................................4
Question 3..................................................................................................................................5
Question 4..................................................................................................................................6
Question 5..................................................................................................................................7
Question 6..................................................................................................................................8
Question 7..................................................................................................................................9
References:...............................................................................................................................10

Question 1
Answer1:
I. The protocol overhead in the form of percentage is as:
The given size of the file is = 1024 bytes
The given size of the payload is = 128 bytes
Required 20-byte s for composed of TCP header with 20-byte for IPV4 header
The total requirement for TCP/IP header is 40 bytes
1024 divide into 8 segments then 128 get by each as = (128+40) *8 = 1344 bytes
The total bytes of TCP/IP overhead is, 1344 bytes
As per the calculation:
Size of file is = 1024 bytes
Size of sent data = 1344 bytes
The total percentage is = 100/1024*1344 = 131.25%
Where overhead is 131.25-100 = 31.25
II. Given the size of the file is 1024 bytes
Given the size of the payload is 128 bytes
The total bytes for TCP composed header is = 20+40 = 60 where 20 bytes for IPV4
header
The remain 40 bytes for the TCP/IP header as 1024 divide into 8 different segments
And get 128 bytes for each as:
(128+60) * 8 = 1504 bytes
The total bytes for TCP/IP overhead are 1504 as per the calculation:
The size of the file is: 1024 bytes
The size of the sent data is: 1504 bytes
100/1024 * 1504 = 146.87% where overhead is 146.87-100 = 46.87

Question 2
Answer 2:
IP and TCP are two different types of networking like network administration and system
administration. In which system administration used to work to add users and take their
backups in the computer system. On the other side, network administration used to interact
with the other system in a network. The TCP/IP are the data communication protocols where
TCP (transmission control protocol) and IP (internet protocol), the TCP/IP protocol is also
known as the IPS (internet protocol suite). The same thing of network administration and
system administration applies on the internet protocol and transmission control protocol.
The connection of TCP/IP needs an internet connection for the proper working and to
familiar with the organization. The IP (internet protocol) stack is like the abstraction from
different networking technologies and the physical address. Different components of the
internet protocol related to the stack of TCP and OSI protocol. IP is the layer of TCP, that
used to introduce the virtual network abstraction with using the principle of internet model.
TCP provides different reliable, full duplex and connection-oriented services to the
application layer. The protocol of TCP is a stream-oriented protocol designed to provide the
services of application software with the transfer of a large amount of data. The TCP/IP
protocol has four different layers, these are like, link layer, application layer, internet layer
and transport layer (Hunt, 2019).

Question 3
Answer 3:
In the area of project management, the agile process is used to manage a project with its
different phases with the collaboration of stakeholders and different technologies for
continuous improvement. Agile method is used in the software development area as the name
with, Agile software development that includes the complete requirement and solutions of
different functions with their customers. The agile project management methodology is used
to deliver high-quality software with working under the leadership and promote discipline
project management. Some more methodologies in the market like agile are Kanban, Scrum,
XPM (extreme project management) and ARF (adaptive project framework).
The agile methodology uses to implement for the changes in the business environment with
increased productivity. Use this method to implement new features in the development area
as the agile method works on limited planning. Here are some advantages and disadvantages
of the agile method as below:
Advantages:
 Customer satisfaction with rapid delivery of software projects
 Implement new technologies to change the environment
 Deliver daily working software that useful for the corporation between business and
developers
 Focus on good results and excellence
Disadvantages:
 Difficult to deliver large software as more efforts required in the life cycle of software
development
 Lack of documentation and designing
 The tracking record is not clear of customer representative
 Experience and seniority take first for the good results (Wrike, 2019)

Question 4
Answer 4:
Various types of software development life cycle methods are used in software development
as per their requirement and nature that used to define their organized way. Waterfall and
agile are two main approaches for the methods of software development. The agile software
development process is different from the traditional methods of different factors. The
method of traditional approach uses the linear approach and the software development
process completes with using the sequential order. It can understand as before the next step
begins, the first step must be completed. The traditional methodology follows these steps as:
 Gather the requirement with the process of documentation
 Design of system
 Coding process with unit testing
 Testing of user acceptance
 Fixes of bugs
 Delivery of products
On another side, agile methodology follows a different approach with the objective to quickly
deliver the application to complete all the phases and functional components. Here are steps
of agile approach as:
 Initiation of project
 Sprint planning
 Demos
A project defines properly and visualized in the traditional methodology before it starts, but
the agile methodology is more flexible so that user can change any phase in the mid of the
project and that is a major difference between the agile and traditional methodology
(Morelos, 2018).
Highly customer involvement required in the traditional methodology with needed of their
requirement and collect it from different phases. After collecting the requirement, provide a
details description for the software development process and conduct meetings before starting
the process. In the agile methodology, customer involvement required at the initial phase of
the project so that they provide their reviews and suggestions about the project and for the

improvement in the project. Customer can satisfy with engaging in the process of software
development.
In the last phase of the project or software development, the traditional approach required the
documentation process. On the other side, to quickly deliver the project in the agile
methodology, complete the changes directly in the code section of the program and add
comments with annotations compare to the documenting process.
At the end of the discussion for the selection of approach for software development, select the
agile methodology because of its different factors like, quick deliver the project, time-
consumption, quality results and many more (EDUCBA, 2019).
Question 5
Answer 5:
The process of apple product development with the design process is a mystery since a long
time, now this process discussed in the book of “Inside Apple: How America’s Most
Admired and Secretive Company Really Works” that is written by Adam Lashinsky. Each
product of Apple, start with the design process. Each product starts with a vision and there is
no need to discuss the cost of a new design product with the finance department as the other
companies.
After selecting the design, a team finalised by the organization for a further start-up with
following some secrecy agreements or sometimes physical barriers. Team, which works on
the new design, may be locked in an area and there is no need to report anyone about the
process.
ANPP, implement as an action, that is a set of documents of the process of product
development in details. Design a map that is responsible for the completion of the project and
work on each phase of the project.
Review the product on each Monday by the executive team and confirm that the process is
going in the right direction. Take decisions on the current product according to the review of
the executive team and implement this review on the next Monday so that no decision delay
from one week.

Two people are finalized by the organization for check and execution of the process, these are
EPM (engineering program manager) and GSM (global supply manager). These two
managers take decisions on the processing of the product to get the best results.
After complete the design process of Apple product, a similar version leaked from China
where the product assembles. This similar version or prototype released by the worker and
the redesign of the original product rebuilt and tested again. The released device or the beta
device back to the examination lab and start the new device production with following the
apple standards.
Start the packing process after complete all the security checks by the organization and create
an action plan name as rules of the road, that is a secret document to achieve the milestone of
the product development. Here define some points of the Apple design process that are
different from others and make it unique from other design process and this is the uniqueness
of the Apple design process (Panzarino, 2012).
Question 6
Answer 6:
Different complex and long-term project fail due to different reasons. Here define some
reasons for project failure as below:
 Define poor project scope
 Inadequate management of risk
 Fail to identify the key assumptions
 Lack of experience and training with knowledge
 Lack of implementation of strategies and methods
 Lack of communication at different levels
 Poor management with stakeholders
 Ineffective leadership
 Fail to monitor & track the project
 Lack of time and budget
 Overallocated resources
 Unsupported culture of project
 Lack of control and team planning

Poor project scope is the key point of failure of the project as there is no work breakdown
structure created in the project. It is required to create a complete plan, risk management with
time and budget. A poor scope is the reason of unsatisfied customer and failure of the project.
Implement the risk management in the project with proper planning and to get the quality
results on time and allocated budget.
Identify the major key assumptions of the project to fulfil the customer requirements and to
deliver the project on time. Lack of experience and knowledge is the major reason to fail a
project. It is required to have knowledge of different technologies or the domain of the
project. Plan the strategies for the implementation of each project using different approaches.
Poor management of the stakeholders and lack of communication at all levels in the project is
the major cause of the project failure. Lack of skills in the leadership and lack of time and
budget in the project. The overallocated resource is the reason of delay projects. Different
more reasons as proper control over the project and team planning also required in the
successful completion of the project (Stewart, 2018).
Question 7
Answer 7:
A project needs software and hardware to fulfil the customer requirement in which the
common requirement of software and hardware are like, dataset hardware for the project
storage, operating system requirement with different database software, project server or
management software to manage different phase of the project and many more. An
organization set some goals to achieve with each project implementation and this goal defines
some budget to complete and fulfil the user’s requirements. The goal to manage the software
requirement of the company starts with the listed all the software as per their requirement and
usefulness in the organization. Check the trial version of all software, if any software
provides the required functionality in the trail budget then there is no need to buy this
software. The same process applies to each software and checks their trial version.
The listed software fulfils the user requirement by creating the work breakdown structure for
the different phases of the project. Create a cost plan for the project plan and initiate it with
the proper planning. Calculate the project cost with deconstructing cost and complete a set of
tasks. implement some project management software in the that will help to determine the
resource cost rate, to find the research analysis, cost of quality and to find the different cost.

Define the project requirement with the proper scope of the project and define the budget to
buy the software as per company requirement. Negotiate with the vendors to buy the software
for the organization and check the priorities of the company before buying the software
(ProjectManager, 2019).

References:
EDUCBA. (2019). SDLC vs Agile | 9 Most Valuable Differences You Should Know.
Retrieved from https://www.educba.com/sdlc-vs-agile/
Hunt, C. (2019). TCP/IP Network Administration, 3rd Edition. Retrieved from
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/tcpip-network-administration/0596002971/ch01.html
Morelos, D. (2018). Traditional vs. Agile Software Development Method: Which One is
Right for Your Project? - DZone Agile. Retrieved from https://dzone.com/articles/traditional-
vs-agile-software-development-method-w
Panzarino, M. (2012). This Is How Apple's Top Secret Product Development Process Works.
Retrieved from https://thenextweb.com/apple/2012/01/24/this-is-how-apples-top-secret-
product-development-process-works/
ProjectManager. (2019). Project Budgeting Software - Create a Budget -
ProjectManager.com. Retrieved from
https://www.projectmanager.com/software/use-cases/project-budgeting-software
Stewart, J. (2018). Top 10 Reasons Why Projects Fail. Retrieved from https://project-
management.com/top-10-reasons-why-projects-fail/
Wrike. (2019). What is Agile Methodology in Project Management?. Retrieved from
https://www.wrike.com/project-management-guide/faq/what-is-agile-methodology-in-
project-management/