ITC544 Assignment 2: Network Protocols, SDLC & ITSM

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ITC544 - ASSIGNMENT 2: NETWORK
PROTOCOLS, SDLC & ITSM

Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
1.............................................................................................................................................................4
2. TCP is connection-oriented & IP is connectionless. Then how they coexist in the same stack of
protocol?................................................................................................................................................6
3. One advantage & disadvantage of the agile method..........................................................................7
4. Compare & contrast the evolutionary software development process & agile methodology.............9
5. Analyze the uniqueness of Apple design process............................................................................11
6. Three reasons for the failure of the project......................................................................................12
7. Goals to manage the budget of the company...................................................................................14
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................16

List of figures
Figure 1: advantage & disadvantage......................................................................................................8
Figure 2: Agile model............................................................................................................................9
Figure 3: design process......................................................................................................................12
Figure 4: Project failure.......................................................................................................................13
Figure 5: Budget managing.................................................................................................................15
List of tables
Table 1: Comparison table.....................................................................................................................9

Introduction
This assignment focuses on the topic like SDLC, ITSM & network protocol. There will some
relatable questions like if IP is connectionless protocol & TCP/IP is connection-oriented then
how they lay in same stack, one advantage & disadvantage of agile method, compare between
the evolutionary model & agile model with example, identify the uniqueness of the design of
Apple, what are the goals to manage the budget of the company & one numerical on the
network protocol.

1.
I) IPV4
The file size given is bytes 1024
Payload size given is bytes 128
IPV4 header is 20 bytes
The total bytes for the TCP/IP header is 40 bytes
= 1024 bytes is divided by eight segments
= 128 bytes
= 8 multiple (128 + 40) is 1344 bytes
TCP/IP overhead total byte is 1344.
Calculation of Overhead:
File size given is bytes 1024
Data sent is bytes 1344
= (100 divides 1024) multiply 1344
= 131.25 percent.
Overhead is (131.25 subtracts 100)
= 31.25.
II) IPV6
File size given is bytes 1024
Payload size is given 128 bytes
Composed of TCP header is 60* (20 + 40)
IPV4 header is 20 bytes
Therefore the total bytes for the TCP/IP header is 40 bytes
1024 bytes is divided by eight segments is each 128 bytes
8 multiple (60 +128) is 1504 bytes
TCP/IP overhead total byte is 1504.
Calculation of Overhead:

File size given is bytes 1024
Data sent is bytes 1504
= (100 divides 1024) multiply 1504
= 146.87 percent.
Overhead is (146.87 subtracts 100)
= 46.87.

2. TCP is connection-oriented & IP is connectionless. Then how they
coexist in the same stack of protocol?
The services of connection-oriented are the sequence of the function by the customer as the
connection is organized, information is sent/deliver & the connection is liberated. In this
demonstrate the connection before the beginning of the communication. When the connection
is determined, deliver the message or information & then the connection is liberated. This
service is more genuine than the connectionless service. The message is delivered in the
service of connection-oriented service if there will be an error at the end of the receiver. An
example is the Transmission Control Protocol.
It is almost the same as the services of postal as it carries the address from where the
information is to be conveyed. Every message is independently routed between source
&destination. The order of sending the message/ information may be different from the
sequence of received. In this, the data is conveyed from the source without acknowledging
the destination is still present out there or not or it is ready to accept the information. The
authentication is not required in this type of service. An example is an IP (Internet Protocol).
The principle for layering also shows that there are different ways that the connectionless &
connection-oriented protocol may be combined at distant stages of the internetwork. The
implementation of connection-oriented over the connectionless protocol & the vice-versa is
also applicable as the connectionless protocol over the connection-oriented at the low level.
An example is Telnet which is the connection-oriented protocol & running over the internet
protocol (IP). Also, the IP is run over the ATM that is connection-oriented protocol.
These protocols are utilized by internet protocol suite & will also show the togetherness as
they both are important for transferring the data over the internet. TCP supply reliability,
error checked the delivery & ordered of the stream of octets among the programs that are
currently running on local area network computers, public internet & internet protocol has the
activity of conveying the packets from source to destination host that is based on the IP
addresses in the header packet.

3. One advantage & disadvantage of the agile method
Advantage
The main aim of the agile is to transform the seamless as & when need without affecting the
delivery of the successful project. This is the reason for the agile flexibility in the picture.
Improved marketing & technology strategy has altered the model of business nowadays. This
result the industry will face the requirements that are evolving frequently.
At the time of delivery of the project, the stakeholder may ask the team to add some new user
stories that will depend on the alteration in the market & demands of the business. It just
requires adding the few user stories to the backlog of the product & prioritizing according to
the need of the owner’s product. Additionally, the alteration will perform in sprints & the cost
is also predicted.
It will serve to control the management of the project. Agile adjust to altering better than the
management of traditional project approaches. These requirements may be deleted, add or
alter at the staring of the stage of the iterative cycle, by guiding the team of the project for the
work on the next iteration. The customer will shift the priorities at the starting stage of the
cycle by allowing the team of the project to be with the requirements of the customers with
the business. The more important feature of the flexibility of the agile is the opportunity of
flexible contracting.
Disadvantage
Agile more focuses on the product delivery in some small increments but it has some
disadvantage, not proper planning of the resources because the agile is totally depend on the
idea the team also do not what is the end result or some cycle of convey down line & will
look as from day 1, it is really very difficult to forecast efforts such as time, cost & resources
that required at the starting of the project & the challenges becoming more recognizable as
the project becomes large & more difficult or complex.

Figure 1: advantage & disadvantage

4. Compare & contrast the evolutionary software development process &
agile methodology
Agile methodology
Agile is the methodology is the practice that will promote the continuous iteration of the
testing & development throughout the development of software lifecycle of the project. Both
the testing & development activities are concurrent. The agile will focuses on the core four
vales; team & individual interaction over the tools & processes, software documentation over
the documentation comprehensive, a collaboration of customer over the contract negotiation
& respond to alter over the following plan.
Figure 2: Agile model
The evolutionary software development process
The model of evolution depends on the initial implementation that will result in the customer
comments that may be repaired by various versions until the adequate system will be
developed. This model will provide feedback to the developers. These models are the most
suited to the system of object-oriented, they have an iterative process, they will enable the
development of software to construct the more difficult version of the software, like the
complex system, the software will involve over the time period & therefore the model of
evolutionary are more suited to the development of software.
Table 1: Comparison table
Agile method Evolutionary model

The satisfaction of the customer by the rapid,
as a continuous supply of the required
software.
The satisfaction of customer & will get the
chance to partially develop the system
experimentally.
The software will release & revert feedback
that reduces the error.
It will test by the customer that will minimize
the error.
This concentrate on each process with the
team of expert member to produce high
quality.
The version should satisfy as it will supply
the product of high quality.
Customer may alter or add on any stage. Customer will provide feedback regarding
the next cycle.
The example of both includes the implement the waterfall model as there are no iterative
models & both the method will result in the clear require to reactive with the feedback &
adaptable changes. Both the model will enable the development model that will fit with the
customer’s need, minimize risk, cost & will enable to improvement in the existing product.

5. Analyze the uniqueness of Apple design process
1) Systematic development of product process
Apple will allow the process for product development, which is only defined as
systematic & logical. There is the order for everything & principle will also apply as to
how the product comes up.
Design is done at the time of pre-production
Apple is particular for the design of each phase at the time of pre-production & not post-
production. The details of the design are being formulated & ironed before it placed in
production, so it now clear that they have the vision clear how the product will come up.
It simply clear that, will be no trail & error going, whereas other manufacturers perform
the design function for the entire development process of the product. Apple genuinely
does things in the beginning, this will avoid the confusion.
2) Substance over the form
Apple focuses on how it looks at the end of the process of production & more on the
functionality as how it works? Apple will focus on the design with full integration of the
hardware & software without clamming it does everything. It identifies its shortcoming &
instead of an emphasis on what is good at. Example, the iPad do not have USB connector
& external drive for the disc. Other laptops & notebooks have. The team of design over
Apple has not included two features, but it will make sure the device will perform the
specific task very well, remaining intuitive & user-friendly.
3) Quality
It is a simple aesthetic as discussed in analyses of the design of Apple, as the
characteristics of this are simple. It is eye-catching or flashy; the design of Apple
products will look simple, clean & straightforward. The visual simplicity is practiced by
Apple, the interfaces are liberating from the clutter & fonts are clean & elegant. It
develops a design that provides ownership & pride. The products of Apple are recognized
instantly at first sight & become the symbol status of the sort. This is proof of how Apple
designs simple are. It includes user friendliness & intuitiveness.
4) Future design