ITECH1100 - Intelligent Personal Assistants Impact on Public Transport

This report investigates the potential impact of Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPAs) on the public transport industry. It begins with a description of IPAs and their role in assisting transport industries and travelers, highlighting their benefits in route guidance, traffic reduction, and improved driver efficiency. The report then explores the technological influences, including the reliance on internet connectivity and potential inaccuracies. Constraints such as market forces, nature, architecture/code, law and social norms are also discussed. Finally, the report includes process models illustrating the current state (As-Is) and a proposed future state (To-Be) of IPA integration in public transport, emphasizing the need for automation and offline accessibility. The report uses Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) to visually represent process changes. Desklib provides access to similar reports and solved assignments.

Assignment - The potential impact of Intelligent Personal Assistants on
Public Transport

Table of Contents
Part 1 – Research on Technology and Industry......................................................................................3
Part 2 - Impacts of Technology in Industry............................................................................................4
Part 3 – Constraints...............................................................................................................................4
Part 4 – Process Model As-Is & To-Be....................................................................................................4
References.............................................................................................................................................7

Part 1 – Research on Technology and Industry
Short Description of Technology and Industry:
Intelligent Personal Assistants
In this study, the considered technology is intelligent personal assistants and the industry assumed is
public transport. The intelligent personal assistants are the devices or applications that help to assist
the transport industries and travel agencies. The recent development in the mobile communication
had paved way for the telecommunication field to enhance the travel information system, which
gives information about the new places and assist the resources in locating particular locations
(David Pogue). These locations are very important for destinations such that the travellers used to
adopt the maps for the journey. This intelligent personal assistant enables the travellers to reach to
the destination and gives more insights about the distance, routes, and all other details (Brad Miser).
The technology relies on the industries such that the technology specified deals with the personal
assistants that operates in the transport field, helps to make movement of the vehicles with
intelligence. These personal assistants benefit drivers as they help to guide them with the routes and
destinations. With these intelligent personal assistants, the road traffic, and accidents are greatly
reduced with no issues for individuals travelling from a source location to the destination (Anusuya
M.A, Katti S.K 2009). Automation with robotics play key role in the intelligent personal assistants (S
M Veres, 2008)
Public Transport
In this industry, the transport involves the movement of an individual from a place to other place.
Public transport operates in various locations that help the people to travel from one location to
other location. However, the movement from a place to other destination exists through the public
transports. These public transports may include the call taxi, bus, and any other means of transport
operating in public. The intelligent personal assistants in the public transport are increased in the
applications and they have improved the usage of transports guaranteeing the safe journey for the
individuals who use this kind of the public transport (Shinya Iizuka et al., 2012).
The intelligent personal assistants improved the efficiency of the transport industry. The devices had
driven their levels as the best and resulted to enhance the transports and driver experienced the
best times in terms of comfort. The advantages of the intelligent personal assistant include the
follows: provision of comfort to the individual driving the vehicle, control the unnecessary traffic,
restricts the unfortunate accidents, and all other supports regarding the movement to the
destination. In addition to this, the personal assistant helps to improve the efficiency of the drivers in
transport system. The personal assistant has various features of providing the navigation of routes in
maps, scheduler, and all other features to improve the comfort of the passengers. Most of personal
assistants are occupied in the smart phone applications (Sirius, 2018). These applications serve as
the personal assistants for the individuals in public transport system.

Part 2 - Impacts of Technology in Industry
Technological influences the industry
 The considered technology “Intelligent Personal Assistants” operates with the internet
connectivity only with the use of the information. Without internet connectivity, the devices
will lead to various problems. This is a limitation in the intelligent personal assistants. It will
make lives easier but harder in the absence of the internet connectivity.
 The technology will have further impacts with other industries too in the absence of the
internet connections
 Applications may have less accuracy and can lead to wrong destinations or long routes
instead of shorter routes
 Most of the personal assistants rely on the information for their operations and this acts as
drawback if the data is misinterpreted
 Manual input is required for accessing the intelligent personal assistants
 The arrival of digital technologies has resulted in the entire production system as well as the
manner in which products are designed. For example, due to technologies it has enabled the
designing of robots (cobots) which is expected to significantly intensify the productivity of
operators so as to enhance individual’s safety and their well-being.
 The influence of technology plays a significant role in improving performance as well as
flexibility. When operations are well connected, it will mean that the production will be
capable to self-control itself by instantly action upon each and every problem that arise.
Also, the business becomes in a better position to monitor its operation using preventive
maintenance have been made possible using a range of surveillance devices such as the
CCTV. Furthermore, such technologies helps to decline the random activities as well as
delays. Accordingly, with a complete control over a business production system, companies
are able to produce and deliver products on demand.
Part 3 – Constraints
Factors or constraints that make impact possible
Lessing highlights four key forces that constraints individuals’ actions such as social norms, the law,
architecture and the market. The social norms are established by the community. The law creep up
sanction when it is not observed. Social architecture which means “characteristics of the world that
consists of made and found” and markets which operate in the form of demand and supply that sets
prices on different items.
Factors or constraints, which make impact possible as follows:
 Markets – In the use of the personal assistant, internet is needed which standardise the
price needed for entrance to the internet and information. If the application works offline,
the internet connection is not required
 Nature – In the use of the personal assistant, manual access must be reduced with
automations

 Architecture/code- there are physical or technical constraints on activities like firewalls on
the Internet,
 Law- these are unambiguous directives that can be applied by the administration
 Norms are social conventions that an person feel obligated to abide to.
Part 4 – Process Model As-Is & To-Be
Process in the industry to change impact
Communication processes are included in the industry to change impact, which needs change in the
impacts. The impacts of the intelligent personal assistants involve the follows:
Events
The events are involving the accessing of the personal assistants in the public transportation. The
events for the personal assistants involve manual tasks.
Activities or Tasks
The tasks for operating the personal assistants are not automated and rely on the internet usage.
These tasks require few automations and offline accessibility.
Decision Points
The decision points include the operation and accessibility. The operation and accessibility nature
must be changed in order to improve the usability of the personal assistants in the public
transportation (Vishnupriya R., Devi T., 2014).
Actors
The actors involved are the users, customers, and all individuals utilizing the personal assistants in
the transport system
Outcomes
The normal system in the personal assistants within the transport system consists of the process as
follows.
Business Process Model and Notation
Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a graphical representation that is
used to specify progressions in a business process model. BPMN model gives a customary
and easy-to-read manner on how to describe and analyse both private and public business
processes. Accordingly, the BPMN model offers the management analysts’ personnel and

developers a standard notation which is readily understandable. The core purpose of BPMN
is to aid in bridging communication flaws that are most of the time experienced in different
departments of corporations. On the same note, BPMN supports Extensible Markup
Language (XML) documents which are designed for a range of business processes making it
possible to visualize them a common notation.
The BPMN diagram is constructed from a small set of key components, which makes
it simpler for both technical and non-technical observers the capacity to understand the
process undertaken. The BPMN components are classified in three main categories as
swimlanes, connection objections and flow objects. Swimlanes are named that way due to
their geometric resemblance to the lane shape of the bottom of the Olympic swimming pool.
These elements are denoted as straight lines, solid lengthwise in a rectangle referred to as a
pool. The swimlanes bring together different flow objects into a class of the same function.
Flow objects are connected with linking objects that appear like dotted, solid lines with
connecting objects that look like that may include arrows indicating process direction. Flow
objects which are specified by geometrical figures like rectangles, circles, and diamonds used
to indicate certain activities and events.

Business Process Model and Notation. (2018). Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Process_Model_and_Notation
Business Process Model and Notation. (2018). Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Process_Model_and_Notation
References
Anusuya M.A, Katti S.K., 2009, “Speech Recognition by Machine: A Review”, International Journal of
Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 6, No. 3.
Brad Miser, ―Using IPhone‘s Siri Voice Command, pp. 5
David Pogue, ―IPhone: The Missing Manual 5th Edition, O‘Reilly Media, pp.104
Michael Castelluccio, ―Siri‘s Competition, Technology Workbook, pp.55-56, 2015
S M Veres. Natural Language Programming of Agents and Robotic Devices. SysBrain, ISBN 978-0-
95584417-0-5, London, June 2008.
Shinya Iizuka et al., “Speech recognition and technology and applications for improving terminal
functionality and service utility”, 2012, NTT DOCOMO Technical Journal, Vol.13, No.4
Sirius: An Open End-to-End Voice and Vision Personal Assistant. http://sirius.clarity-lab.org.
Vishnupriya R., Devi T., 2014, “Speech Recognition Tools for Mobile Phone – A Comparative Study”,
International Conference on Intelligent Computing Applications (ICICA), archived in IEEE Digital
xplore, pp. 426 – 430.