ITECH1102 Networking and Security: Week 7 - Physical Layer and Data

This report provides an analysis of the physical layer in networking and security, focusing on the connection between computers and other devices on a network. It discusses analog and digital data, highlighting the binary nature of digital information and the continuous nature of analog data. The report covers various aspects of data flow, including simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex modes, as well as multiplexing techniques like FDM, TDM, and WDM. It also examines data encoding methods and different types of transmission media such as infrared, coaxial cable, satellite microwave, unshielded twisted pair, terrestrial microwave, and optical fiber. This document is available on Desklib, a platform offering a wide range of study tools and resources for students.

Running head: WEEK 7
Networking and Security
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1WEEK 7
Physical layer:
In this week the topic of the discussion is the physical layer. The main objective of the
physical layer is to creating the connection between the computer and the other machines that
are on the same network (Nory et al., 2016). Two types of the data network are there one is
the analog data another is the digital data. In the digital format the data are stored in the
computers. The data which are stored in the digital computers are the audio, video, files,
programs these all are stored as the digital data. The information of the digital data are made
of one and zero. There will be nothing between the one and the zero. The media of the
transmission is also be of two types like analog and digital. For the connection with the
machines that developed the digital data transmission, many type of cables are used. The
presentation of the analog signal can be determined with the ones like where the zero bits are
not present. Like sending the digital data on the transmission that is analog. The points to
point circuit provide the direct connection with the devices. The media will not be shared
with the other devices. The circuits that are multi point shares the media with the multiple
devices. In this category the lies the Ethernet systems those are using the hubs and the Wi-Fi.
Because they are able to share the media with the other devices. There are three categories of
the data flow simplex, half duplex and full duplex. Data sends in only one direction in the
simplex data flow. The data flows in the both direction in the half duplex but at one time the
data will flow in one direction. The data flow will be bidirectional means the data can be flow
in the both direction concurrently. To establish the multiple conversations at a time the
method of the multiplexing used.
The multiplexing methods are following:
 FDM (Frequency division multiplexing)
 TDM (Time division multiplexing)

2WEEK 7
 WDM (Wavelength division multiplexing)
The digital transmission is established between the data sender and the data receiver. There
are several properties that are applied so that the receiver is able to identify the data that is
send by a particular user. Data encoding is the one of the properties that is set. The way like
the bits are represented in the network media by that the encoding can be described (Lopez-
Martinez Gomez & Garrido-Balsells 2015). Different types of media transmission are used in
the network and in the communication systems, that are mentioned below:
 Infrared
 Coaxial cable
 Satellite Microwave
 Unshielded Twisted Pair
 Terrestrial Microwave
 Optical Fibre
Video Link :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=isRw9lNpqKU

3WEEK 7
Images:

4WEEK 7
References:
Lopez-Martinez, F. J., Gomez, G., & Garrido-Balsells, J. M. (2015). Physical-layer security
in free-space optical communications. IEEE Photonics Journal, 7(2), 1-14.
Nory, R., Love, R. T., Nangia, V., & Zhuang, X. (2016). U.S. Patent No. 9,450,727.
Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.