ITICT202A Wireless Networks Report: IoT in Smart City Deployment

This report discusses the benefits of deploying IoT technology in smart cities, focusing on smart traffic and smart parking solutions. It covers the availability and scalability of such deployments, along with security concerns and vulnerability issues. The use of IoT in building smart cities for parking and...Read More

IT Networking

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The Internet of things is a network of physical devices, home appliances, vehicles and other
embedded software, sensors that enables to collect, connect and exchange data. IoT of things
have been widely used to interact and perform everyday activities. The set of application
related to internet of things have expanded. Some of the fields in which IoT is used is home
automation, health monitoring, controlling traffic and parking congestion, wearable
technology and also used in remote applications. The IoT deployments are used to enable
better management of system and cities. The concept of smart city is to make things flexible
and automated so that very little human intervention is needed. In this report, the benefits of
deploying IoT technology is discussed along with the availability and scalability if such
deployment (Anagnostopoulos, Zaslavsy, Medvedev & Khoruzhnicov, 2015). The security
concerns and vulnerability issues related to internet of things are listed. The use of IoT in
building smart city for parking and traffic deployment is used. The initiative taken for
building smart city is listed. Some of the platform that is used for handling the data is
discussed on this report along with its challenges. Smart cities are made using wireless
technology, thus that are used are analysed. Smart cities could be built by finding the
problem faced that developing a vision so that communities can work in a right direction.
Benefit of deploying the IoT technology- Deploying IoT technology has helped businesses
to capture process and analyse data at large scale. It allows business to take advantage of
technology by using cloud infrastructure. It offers a cost effective way to collect, process
and analyse the information. It is used to save the data when amount of data increases. The
benefit of using IoT is used to make intelligent decisions (Chiang & Zhang, 2016). It helps
in optimizing the process by consuming the resources. The benefit of deploying IoT
technology is accessing the information easily and from remote location. It also offers
communication in an easy way my making it transparent. It is a cost effective approach and
make sure that that data is transferred at faster. It is a technology that makes the work
automatic by managing the processes without human intervention (Chiang & Zhang, 2016).
Availability and scalability in such deployment- The IoT technology is used in various
fields and is used in every application. Internet of things has gained popularity and is used in
smart homes, wearable, smart city, smart grid, connected car, health sector, smart supply
chain and various others. The deployment of this technology helps the business to get
saleable to large scale (Khanna & Anand, 2016)
. It offers easy expansion as almost most of the operations are automatic and can be
completely n short span of time. The availability will help the system to keep it fast.
Security concerns and vulnerability issues- There are some disadvantages related to IoT, in
today’s era every individual is connected to each other via internet. It increases privacy and
security issues as the risk of data leakage is very high. The information can be leaked by nay
third party that can dispute confidentiality of data (Höller, et. al, 2014). The network is quiet
complex, thus a single loop can affect the entire system. The need of human labour also gets
reduced as the work is automatic.
The use of IoT in smart cities for traffic and parking deployment - In today’s time smart
cities are facing issues for traffic management and parking. Internet of things is used to

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make sure that empty spaces are used so that traffic conditions could be controlled. Derivers
find issues for finding space for parking and traffic has increased the chances of accidents
(Centenaro, Vangelista, Zanella & Zorzi, 2016). Thus, smart making and traffic
management strategies are used this eliminates the distraction and to reduce congestion from
the road. IoT is used in different ways like it make sure that empty spaces are used by the
drivers. Parking areas have light indicators that help drivers to find out the best place to park
the vehicles. IoT technology helps in gathering the information so that best and alternative
routes could be found so that congestion could be controlled easily. IoT has an advanced
parking scenario that make use of sensors in which all the empty spots are found and parking
directions are guided by the use of sensor.
They also make use of smart assistance so that road accidents could be reduced. They make
use of CCTVs and sensors so that accident spots could be identified and communication is
taken place (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic & Palaniswami, 2013). It is seen that traffic is crucial
aspect thus smart parking technology is used so that sensors and lighted spaces could be
used. Internets of Things sync the sensors so that cloud platform could be used by feeding
the information through mobile apps and online parking. It also reduces traffic by reducing
the traffic volume and allowing drivers to park the car by using mobile which saves time
(He, Yan & Da Xu, 2014). It also allows drivers to make the parking payment digitally.
Internet of Things helps in managing traffic and parking needs in an effective manner. It also
makes communication possible by offering safer and efficient infrastructure so that
congestion and environmental impacts could be controlled. It reduces congestion by
monitoring and controlling traffic lights (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic & Palaniswami, 2013). It
also identifies the structural issues that are faced due to bridges, roadways and tunnels. It
also allows drivers to pay the parking fee automatically by enhancing the convenience.
Initiatives for building Smart Cities- The initiative for building smart city is taken by
government with the help of companies. Building smart city is the mission of every
government authority as it aims in making decisions more accurate and robust by making
use of data from various sensors. The backbone of building smart city is collection of data
and then processing it and making it available using cloud technology (Ji, Ganchev,
O'Droma, Zhao & Zhang, 2014). Data centres offer fast solution for smart cities.
Government has started with the objective of building smart city and have merged with
government companies so that they can offer cloud based services. They gather data by
using smart technology and then follow high computing technology so that actions could be
taken (Catarinucci, et. al, 2015). The mission for smart cities by government is developing
various cities across the country so that friendly and sustainable steps were taken (Sanchez,
et. al, 2014). They start up various programs by selecting a city and then assure that
challenges related to smart cities are fulfilled. They divide the plan among various
subsystems so that output is better. The city is viewed as a complex structure and the
processes and task are divided into components and then characterize according to the
priority. Government authorities assign the work to the companies so that they bring up
innovative ideas with the motive of building smart city. The concept of building Smart City

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is different from state and country; it completely depends on the level of development
(Arasteh, et. al , 2016). The idea of smart city comes from government or any individual
than a clear vision is set by building a plan to build smart cities across the country. This is
accomplished by many companies as they innovates new ideas and technology so that
modernization is achieved (Bonomi, Milito, Zhu & Addepalli, 2012). The companies bring
up IoT developments, wireless technology and other things that improve quality of life.
Smart cities are built by promotions so that top down, proactive technology can be followed
(Strohbach, Ziekow, Gazis & Akiva, 2015).
Some of the initiatives that are taken to convert city into smart city is promoting the use of
land by making sure all the unplanned area could be used by building new lands so that
housing opportunities are increased. The congestion can also be reduced by creating walk
able so that security and congestion could be managed (Rathore, Ahmad, Paul & Rho,
2016). They also offer variety of transport options that offer transport connectivity and also
assure that traffic and parking issues are resolved. The role of government in building smart
city is encouraging citizens for active participation, expand IT expertise and also arrange
funds so that steps could be used (Rathore, Ahmad, Paul & Rho, 2016).
The first step is finding out the problem by exploring the current issues so that traffic and
congestion controls can be
Platform that handle the Data- There are various platforms that are used to handle the data,
one such is big data and cloud computing. Big data is the term used to describe the huge
volumes of data generated by traditional business activities and from new sources. It covers
the information from store point-of-sale terminals, bank ATMs, Facebook posts, and
YouTube videos. They also make use of sophisticated software to analyse this data looking
for hidden patterns, trends or other insights that they can use to better tailor their products
and services to customers, anticipate demand or improve performance. Technological
advances in big data have made collecting, storing and analysing large amounts of data
cheaper and easier than ever before so that new can come up. It is a data management
platform that is used to collect the information of customers from different sources and then
analyse to provide in depth references. The other data management platform that could be
used is cloud computing it allow accessing the data from remote location just by the use of
internet. Cloud storage system generally encompasses hundreds of servers that are linked
together. Cloud computing is an easy way to access the data as it involves connecting clients
from remote location via a network.
Challenges- There are various issues related to these data management platform one such is
security concern. As these platforms store all the sensitive and confidential data, thus there
are chances of security breach. Thus, the major concern of data management platform is
analysing the large amount of data. The ransom ware and various attacks are increasing day
by day thus there are chances that valuable information is accessed by hackers. The insecure
interface or weak API’s can also allow hackers to access the confidential data. Thus, there
are possibilities that information can be misused for wrong reasons. The other issue
associated with big data and cloud computing, is plumbing problem. This problem arises due

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to increasing data that is being created and stored over these platforms. The other such issues
include reliability, availability of services and data. It causes security issue with the
complexity issue. The privacy can also be affected as there are various unauthorised users
that try to read and modify the data over the network. There are chances when control over
these IT services are lost, thus it is important to keep the data at different places so that it
could be recovered at time of failure. It is important to select the right technology so that gap
can be fulfilled.
Wireless technology that will be used in smart cities- There are various number of
applications that are used by in smart cities for communication like Bluetooth, ZigBee,
WiFi, NFC,Z-Wave, LoraWAN and many others.
Wireless technologies are required in a city in various ways it is used by people in the form
of smart phones or gadgets, used in homes for security or making daily activities automatic,
also used at time of heavy traffic and parking issues, it is used in waste management system
for gridding it in smart way, there are smart meters that monitor the issues regularly (Singh,
Rajan, Shivraj & Balamuralidhar, 2015).
LTE is one such technology that is used in smart cities to increase the bandwidth coverage
area (Lee & Lee, 2015). They offer cellular services to companies at low cost. The other
such technology is Wi-Fi technology that is used in smart cities to make communication and
access of data easy (Anagnostopoulos, Tet. al, 2017). It allows thousands of devices to get

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connected from one network. Bluetooth is also used in many cases it is cheap and easy to
install. The other such technology that is used in smart city is ZigBee it is a low cost
technology that saves the power and also reduces collision. The other technology is Z-wave
that is lot simpler than ZigBee. The other is LoraWan that is a low power consumption that
offers a secure bi-directional communication at low cost (Vlacheas, et. al, 2013). The modes
of operation of smart city rely on different technology as they rely on different type of
network and communication technology (Zanella, Bui, Castellani, Vangelista & Zorzi,
2014).
These technologies are widely used to connect IoT applications (Strohbach, Ziekow, Gazis
& Akiva, 2015). One such technology is sierra wireless that offers an industry-leading
portfolio for cellular machine-to-machine solution with the motive to make cities smart.
Technologies are used for connecting street lights with sensors and making sure that security
and safety is maintained. They are also used in smart energy plants and water management
(Zanella, Bui, Castellani, Vangelista & Zorzi, 2014). These technologies also allow cities
to develop an integrated IoT infrastructure so that full range of smart city solutions is
supported. It makes the market to run at a faster rate by designing advance technologies
(Tao, Zuo, Da Xu & Zhang, 2014).
It can be concluded that IoT can be used in building smart cities. There are various
challenges that are faced such as climatic change, reducing Co2 level, traffic and parking
issues and various health services that need to be managed. There Internet of things is a
technology that has allowed devices and machines to get connected over network. These
devices generate data so that can be used efficiently from anywhere. For example, on a busy
rush day where is an issue driving on the road, Iot enables the drivers to find the best
possible way in which roads can be crossed in rush hour. This report covers the benefits
faced while deploying IoT technology. There are various security issues that are faced due to
IoT is also listed. Smart cities are delivered by companies with the initiative of government
authorities. Internet of things is installed with innovation, these gadgets can impart and
connect over the Internet, and they can be remotely checked and controlled. With the
landing of driverless vehicles, a part of IoT, i.e. the Internet of Things begins to acquire
attention.

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