Operations & Project Management: Jaguar Improvement & Hotel Project

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of operations and project management, focusing on Jaguar Land Rover and a hotel project. The operations management section reviews Jaguar's implementation of principles like lean manufacturing and Six Sigma, suggesting improvements through a continuous improvement plan. It examines Taylor's scientific theory, lean production, flexible specialization, and mass customization. The project management section applies the Project Life Cycle (PLC) to a hotel project, analyzing its rationale and effectiveness, and differentiating between large and small-scale projects using relevant theories and models. The report leverages case studies to illustrate key concepts and methodologies in both operations and project management.

OPERATIONS AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT
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Executive summary
In this assignment, it has been discussed about the operation and project management. The
assignment has divided into two parts. First part consists of operation management that deals
with Jaguar improvement and development.The chosen company in the study is Jaguar land
Rover. It has been briefly explained regarding the operations management. The study also
discussed about the operation concept which includes Taylor scientific theory of management,
lean production, flexible specialization, mass customization and others. Second part consists of
project management that deals with building an effective plan for hotel.
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Task 1: A Conduct a review and critique of the implementation of operations management
principles within Jaguar...................................................................................................................5
Conduct a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles within
Jaguar...............................................................................................................................................8
Task 1: B Review and critique the implementation of operations management in relation to Six
Sigma methodology and Lean principles........................................................................................9
Task 1: C Prepare a continuous improvement plan to include at least two justified
recommendations which could improve the operations function detailed in the case study based
on your review and critique of operations.....................................................................................12
Task 1: D Analyse the effectiveness of the continuous improvement plan using appropriate
theories, concepts and/or models...................................................................................................14
Task 2 [A] Apply the PLC [Project Life Cycle] to the Hotel project............................................16
Task 2 [B] Analyse the rationale for the project...........................................................................19
Task 2 [C] Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application to your project using
the appropriate theories models and concepts...............................................................................22
Task 2 [D] Critically analyse how the use of appropriate theories, concepts and models in the
PLC will differentiate between large and small-scale projects.....................................................25
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................27
Reference Lists..............................................................................................................................28
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Introduction
Project management is the process of using knowledge, skills, processes, methods and
experiences to achieve goals and objectives of a project. This concept is essential in determining
success factors of a project. Various theories and concepts are used in this report to understand
operation and management in detail. This study has focused on a case study of Jaguar in order to
understand the concept of operation management. In addition to this, a hotel case study has
studied and covered concepts like project life cycle, tools and methodologies of project.
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Task 1: A Conduct a review and critique of the implementation of operations management
principles within Jaguar.
Introduction to Jaguar
Jaguar is a British company. It’s headquarter is in Whitley, Coventry, England. The company
manufactures cars. It is known for the luxury vehicle. It was founded in 1935. Jaguar has a strong
brand image in the industry. Therefore, the reason behind the company success is that the
company transformed the production methods and the processes. This made the company grow
and develop in the market. By maintaining the key ingredient in this process, the company
achieves the quality system which benefits the company in many ways. Jaguar introduced the
Halewood plant that helps the company to produce the new product such as Jaguar X. This type
of car is specially made for 21st century. The product has been developed as per the consumer
wants and needs. However, the new plant at Halewood ensures the world class performance in
the production system.
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An explanation of operation vs operations management
Operations Management refers to the process that is involved in producing the products or
services. It includes production operations, IT, manufacturing, and accounting. In other words,
operation management is the business function that helps the organization to produce the best
outcome efficiently (Mahadevan, 2015).
Operation is the process that converts the raw materials into finished goods. It involves
transforming the resources into finished goods that will deliver to the customer for the usage.
The following are the process that is involved- processing, inspection, transportation and storage.
Operations as a concept
The operation concept generally describes the characteristics of a system that will help in
business.
Taylor theory of scientific management
The theory of scientific management is introduced by the Frederick Taylor. The main objective
of the theory is to improve the economic efficiency. Taylor applied the science into engineering
and management. This theory helps the organization to achieve the goals and objectives by
applying the principles of the scientific management (Waring, 2016). The following are the
principles of the scientific management:
1. Rule of thumb
2. Scientific selection and training of workers.
3. Co-operation between the labor and the management.
4. Maximum output
5. Equal division of responsibility.
Lean production
It is an approach that is focused on the quality of performance. In other words, lean production
refers to producing the outcome efficiently by cutting out the waste. This approach is used in
producing, designing and distributing. The main aim of lean production is to cut down the waste
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and produce the effective result (Jasti, et al, 2015). The following are the key aspects of the lean
production:-
1. Time based management
2. Just in time
3. Quality management
4. Kaizen
Flexible specialization
It is the strategy in which the organization specializes in certain products but they have the
capability to change the product in short duration of time. However, the company does it
successfully by the help of multi-use equipments, multi- skilled employees, innovative ideas and
others. The company adopts the changes very quickly and adjusts as accordingly in the market
(Qin, et al, 2015).
Mass customization
Mass customization delivers the goods and services in the wide market. It is a process in which
the marketer and the manufacturer produce the flexibility of the product and also the
customization of the product in order to satisfy the customer needs and wants. Mass
customization function is to customize the product as accordingly to the customer needs and
wants. The products of the mass customization are made to order (Sandrin, et al, 2018).
Agile manufacturing
It is the strategy which is generally used by the small manufacturers. It involves the tools,
processes, and training to respond the customer’s needs and wants quickly as per the changes in
the market. In Agile manufacturing the products are been made according to the customer needs
and expectations. If the products are of high quality then the agile outcome for manufacturing
will be successful. Therefore, it is suggested that the company should follow the lean production
before applying agile manufacturing. This will help the company to cut down the wastage before
becoming agile (Paolucci, 2016).
Operation Management
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There are mainly two methodologies of six sigma- DMAIC and DMADV. Jaguar should adopt
the DMAIC method. By the help of this method Jaguar can create the new products and process
designs. The company can produce the product accordingly to the customer demands in order to
satisfy the customer. It also helps the company to develop by analyzing the best suited design.
Therefore, if the company adopts the six sigma method then it will become easy for the company
to produce efficiently by utilizing the set of quality management.
Conduct a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles
within Jaguar.
The operation management principle that is followed by the Jaguar company is as follows:-
Organization: Jaguar has created the highly efficient manufacturing site. The company adopts
highly efficient lean manufacturing environment. This helps the company to cut down the waste
and produce efficiently. Therefore, it was the best method that Jaguar had applied in the
operation management. The business was growing rapidly.
Production: Jaguar is known for its high quality products. The company had created the
consistency in their production process.
Change: Jaguar redesign the plant and process in Halewood, thus it results in the producing
world class system that is based on quality and lean manufacturing. This also helps to bring an
innovative idea for the business. The main aim of changing the work practices was to create the
world class manufacturing facility.
Development: Jaguar updated their Halewood plant. They spent £300 million to upgrade the
plant. This has helped the company to introduce the new approaches for the production.
Efficiency and quality: Jaguar is known for its high quality products. However, the company
keeps on improving the quality of the products. The company has created a world class
performance in Jaguar assembly plant. To maintain the high level of quality the company’s
designer, engineers and marketers stay in tune. This will also help the company to satisfy the
needs of the potential customer.
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Commitment to the Customer: Jaguar had a strong commitment to their customer. The company
is highly focused on satisfying the customer. However, the company is maintaining and
developing a strong relationship with the community. This will help the company to gain the
loyal customer.
Task 1: B Review and critique the implementation of operations management in relation
to Six Sigma methodology and Lean principles
From the given case study it has been noticed that the company Jaguar follows the “lean
principles”. The lean principles includes Just in time, total quality management, Kaizen, time
based management and others. By the help of lean management Jaguar improved the
productivity and cut down the wastage. The company trained, audit, implement and upgraded the
suppliers in order to maintain the quality in the process of the products. Jaguar used the lean
approach in Castle Bromwich in order to design the production plant. Jaguar used to keep their
product stocks in the factory floor and it takes so much of space, after the implementation of Just
in time the company started keeping the stock in separate area which resulted in JIT delivery
process. It helps in smooth functioning of the production process.
In order to improve the production in better way the company can use the six sigma. Six sigmais
a tool that helps to improve the production process. This was introduced in 1986 by Bill Smith.
Six sigmahelp the company to improve the quality the process by using quality management
methods, statistical method and others. By adopting six sigma Jaguar can improve the efficiency
and effectiveness of production process. Six sigma is known as the most successful business
strategies for the improvement of the business (Drohomeretski, et al, 2014). However, it has two
methodologies- DMAIC and DMADV. The methodologies have their own goals and guidelines
for improving the business processes. Six sigma will help the business to grow and develop, it
address the business issues and provides the solution and opportunity.
DMAIC: It includes define, measure, analyze, improve and control. Define will address the
customer needs and wants of a product, Measure is used to evaluate the data from the feedbacks
of the customer, Analyze is the reviewed data that is got after measuring the data, Improve is the
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area where the changes is required for better outcome, and Control checks and adjust the
production process.
Figure: 1 DMAIC Model of six sigma
(Source: created by the learner)
DMADV: It includes define, measure, analyze, design and verify. Define will address the
customer needs and wants of a product, Measure will show the feedbacks of the customer
through collection of data, Analyze will show the evaluated area for the improvement, Design is
the product outcome that will be deliver to the customer, and Verify is testing the product
whether it is meeting as per the satisfaction of the customer or not.
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Figure: 2 DMADV Modelof six sigma
(Source: created by the learner)
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Task 1: C Prepare a continuous improvement plan to include at least two justified
recommendations which could improve the operations function detailed in the case study
based on your review and critique of operations
Explain Cost Reduction
With the help of the TQM, the company can improve the plan for the business. The following are
the factors:-
Customer focus: The most important factor is customer focus. This factor states that if the
product feature does not, match with the customer requirement then the value of the product will
decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to meet the satisfaction of the customer needs and wants. In
order to achieve the customer needs and wants the company should gather the relevant
information through feedbacks, research and others. Customer focus can results in increase of
revenue and gaining more customer loyalty. Jaguar has always taken care of their customer
needs and wants.
Continuous improvement: Jaguar should update and upgrade their products frequently as the
customer expectation keeps on increasing. The company should use the PDCA approach in order
to ensure the continuous improvement. PDCA refers to Plan, Do, Check and Act.
Employee empowerment: Employees are the essential part of the quality management process.
The company should train them in order to perform better and help to develop the organization.
If the employees are trained properly then their contribution will help in smooth functioning of
the process.
Quality tools: Quality tools are important for the business. If the high technology is used for
business then it can help the business to grow. To utilize such highly advanced technology
employees should get the proper training. This will help the employees to perform in a better
way.
Product design: Jaguar should design their product in such a way so that it meets the customer
expectations. The company can do this with the help of QFD that is quality function deployment.
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This tool helps to indentify the customer requirements as per their needs and demands and score
those requirements data in numerical.
Discuss continuous improvement as a philosophy and describe the Lean principles.
Waste elimination is the very important for any business because it helps to increase the profit of
the business. The 7 forms of waste were started from Japan. In order to eliminate the waste it is
necessary to understand the waste, what and where it does exist. Different waste has different
strategy to avoid and reduce (Lacerda, et al, 2016). The following are the 7 forms of waste:-
Overproduction: Jaguar production system follows Just in time because every product is made as
per requirement. Overproduction refers when the product is manufactured before the
requirement. This can affect the smooth function of the organization.To eliminate the
overproduction, the company should produce the product that can be sold immediately and
improve the set up capability.
Waiting: It occurs when the goods are not been able to proceed further. This happens because of
poor flow function. The company can face a great loss due to waiting. To eliminate the waiting
process, the company can link process with the different suppliers.
Transporting: It can directly affect the cost of the company because excessive movement of the
product can cause the damage. It can be difficult to handle the transportation materials.
Inappropriate processing: Many companies suffer because they use expensive equipment instead
of simple tools. This can result in poor plant layout. The high cost involvementwill results in
over production. To eliminate this problem the company can use low cost automation. The
company should invest in more flexible equipments rather than high involvement. This will help
to reduce the waste of inappropriate processing.
Unnecessary inventory: Excess inventory results in the unsolved problems. It also affects the
time and money. In order to eliminate the problem the company should indentify the problem
and try to solve it to improve the performance.
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Excess motion: This are related to the health and safety issues. Now a day’s society is so
concerned regarding the health issues and this can direct affect the organization. This type of
waste includes injuries, extended production time and others.
Defects: This can be eliminated by the involving the employee and engaging them in continuous
process improvement. It can cause the rework. Defective work can consume a lot of time to redo
the work. Defects can lead to the scrap. If there is defect in the work then it will go back to the
production which will cost extra time and effort.
Therefore, the lean manufacturing of employees has been also added as eight form of waste. In
order to achieve the goal the company needs to identify the solution of the seven wastage. The
company should beware of the customers that will only pay for value and quality not for the
waste.
Task 1: D Analyse the effectiveness of the continuous improvement plan using appropriate
theories, concepts and/or models.
TQM
The company can improve the performance by using the concept of TQM. With the help of Total
Quality Management approach, Jaguar can improve the quality of the products. Before applying
the TQM, the company should establish an effective planning which will help the organization to
deal with the changes. The next step would be to assess the change wherever it is required. This
will also focus on customer needs and demands in order to satisfy them. The next step would be
focusing on the quality of the products. This is done by cutting done the wastage. The next step
is to train the employees to introduce the concept of TQM. Therefore, Jaguar needs to introduce
a quality strategy, development of plan, providing training to the employees, and quality tools.
However, below are the TQM factors that will help to improve the plan:
 Staying Customer focuswill help to meet the satisfaction of the customer needs and
wants. By this company will gain more loyal customer. It can also results in increase of
revenue and earning profits.
 The company should focus on Continuous improvement. Jaguar should update and
upgrade their products frequently as the customer expectation keeps on increasing.
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 An employee plays a very important part in the development of the business. Therefore
the company should provide a proper training to the employees.
 Quality tools are important factor for any business. The usage of high technology can
help to gain lot of information.
As per the given case study, Jaguar is known for their high quality products. The company
created the consistency in the production process for producing the high quality of goods. The
company has always produced the excellence engineering and unique design. They deliver the
luxury cars to the customers. Therefore, the company is building new concept and approach in
the business. Jaguars have an order before producing in the market. The company has a strong
brand image in the market. They have always exceeded the customer expectations. They have a
unique design and quality products. Jaguars offer their customer end to end quality. The
company improvement is generated by the centers of excellence. This concept helps to increase
the productivity at Halewood. The company also gains a lot of pride within the workforce. The
company maintained their culture programme that helps to create an encouraging workforce for
the employees. This also helps the employees take the initiative for managing the continuous
process change. The company created a workshop for the employees, managers, union,
representatives, superiors and others in order to make them involve by participation and
empowerment. This help to build a new environment. However, this workshop had a concept of
Halewood difference programme that is based on supporting the employees for involving in the
production and the processes.
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Task 2 [A] Apply the PLC [Project Life Cycle] to the Hotel project
Application of PLC to Hotel Project
Project life cycle consists of four phases namely project initiation, planning, execution and
closure. Case scenario of Kent Hall Hotel is taken in this study.
Stage 1: Project Initiation:
Background of the project: Kent Hall Hotel has planned to set up a new bar zone for the
guests. In current scenario, customers are showing their interest towards entertainment by giving
a break to their busy schedule. Few months back, some guests have suggested the management
to open a bar, where they can spend their time and enjoy dancing in late night. Therefore, the
organization is going to introduce its bar zone in its Park Lane branch.
Purpose and Rationale: This branch serves more than 80 rooms for its customers. The
organization keeps an aim to open bar having capacity more than 50. As per a survey of Kent
Hall Hotel, most of the customers used to visit nearby bars for entertainment purpose. Opening
own bar of the Hotel can be a better facility for guests and accordingly profitability of the
organization will be increased. The case scenario indicates that, a bar zone will be constructed in
premises of Kent Hall Hotel, Park Lane Branch. An area of 2500 square feet has been selected
for this bar zone. In addition to this, the hotel has planned to purchase some equipments required
for this bar zone. A large number of experienced staffs are required to operate this. A large
number of experienced staffs are required to operate this. Bar zone can form an excellent source
of getting that extra revenue by Kent Hall hotel to get a stand in the competitive market. Hotels
all around the globe have been initiating different techniques that can be utilized to undertake a
project for development of a bar zone that facilitates those clients who have an earnest desire to
make their life much more colorful and vibrant. Spending a splendid evening in a bar does not
constrict a person to have drinks in company with friends but one can c choose a bar to hang out
and meet friends and hence enhance their social networking too.
Stage 2: Project planning:
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Project Plan Project Timeline
Kent Hall Hotel is planned to establish a bar
zone in Park Lane Branch, London
From 11/08/2018 to 5/02/2019
Table: Project Planning
(Source: Created By Learner)
Project plan to establish a bar zone in Kent Hall Hotel
1.0 project initiation and chalking out basic requirements
1.1 Cost Management
1.2 Time Management
1.3 Labor Management
2.0 Allocation
2.1 Budget Allocation
2.2 Resource Allocation
3.0 Purchase
3.1 Equipment purchase
3.2 Staff hiring and training
3.3 Following Agreements
The project will take seven months involving each activity. Therefore, the organization is
planning to manage everything in that time frame avoiding any type of scarcity. This planning
process is associated with allocating all resources effectively. This project will not compromise
with quality due to any budgetary issues. A suitable budget analysis will be made involving
stakeholders, managers and other investors.
Stage 3: Project Execution
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Project managers will finalize the project team and investors for executing this project. They
have to perform certain activities required for the project. Availability of resources, budget
allocation and tracking of each activity and issues related to project work are monitored and
analyzed in this stage. As per the case study concern, Kent Hall Hotel is going to perform certain
activities in execution stage.
Activities Months
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Develop team
Allocate Resources
Execute Project Plan
Procurement Management
Develop Tracking systems
Allocation of duties
Status Meeting
Table: Gantt chart
(Source: Created By Learner)
Stage 4: Project closure
Closure is the final step for a project. The very first step required to close the bar zone project of
Kent Hall Hotel it is necessary to gather all the core team members and invite feedbacks related
to what has worked and what steps has been a failure the next step would be a thorough and
complete paperwork and documents that needs to be approved from their stakeholders. Closure
of any related contracts in this project also needs to be done. Once the project team has been
formed resources both internal and external must be released and finally this bar zone project
must try to attain the green project documentation. In this is the last stage of project life cycle
(Burke, 2013). In this stage, a final report is produced through analyzing other stages of project
life cycle. Kent Hall Hotel has to pass documents related construction of bar zone and discuss
with investors regarding the closure of project. This closure is done through analyzing the future
benefits of establishing bar zone for customers.
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Task 2 [B] Analyse the rationale for the project
1] Methodology: explain & analyse WBS
Kent Hall Hotel is planned to use Agile project management methodology in order to process
this bar zone project. This methodology focuses on project team and daily status meetings. It
places project team in centre and front of the project. Team involved in this methodology is
considered to be self managing and self organized. Maximum time is given to allocate the
resources. Project objectives and scheduling are processed in a proper manner. Agile project
management methodology seems to be effective for this project as it promotes development and
iteration through regular stand-up meetings. Kent Hall Hotel will get maximum benefits from
this methodology. Work break down structure of this project is based on defining aim of the
project and developing plan for allocation of resource and budget (Serrador and Pinto, 2015).
Each step requires proper control and monitoring from project manager. Agile methodology
follows following steps.
Stage 1: Identify your product vision- This step is all about creating a transparent vision for
project work.
Stage 2: Create product roadmap- This provides a high view for product requirements.
Stage 3: Create an agile release plan- This step is associated with providing a time table for each
activity.
Stage 4: Plan agile sprints- Project manager plans for sprints and work according to the sprints.
Stage 5: Hold daily scrum meetings- Regular scrum meetings are held to discuss on past activity.
Stage 6: Hold a sprint review- In this stage, scrum team presents project work to stakeholders.
Stage 7: Hold sprint retrospective- A meeting is held in this stage, where improvement plans are
made for further activity.
2] Tools: explain & analyse Gantt chart, Network Diagram, Critical Path Analysis
Gantt chart will be used by this project in order to get graphical illustration of each activity
performed. This ultimately helps to coordinate, plan and track specific tasks of the project. A
proposed date is given to perform each task. Tasks are represented in a proper sequence in the
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Gantt chart. Gantt chart has helped in scheduling and planning of this project. Gantt chart helps
to keep all the core team members involved in this project on the same page (Geraldi and
Lechter, 2012). It also helps in allocating resources in a much more proper way. In this
project ,decision makers gets an assistance from Gantt chart to visualize the future and observe
that the project is well carried and going forward to meet organisational goals and objectives. In
addition to this, network diagram can be used in to understand the dependencies of each activity
and critical path of this project. Network diagram helps to give justification to the time estimated
by the hotel and even helps in planning, controlling as well as organising. Network diagram
helps in shortening the duration of time that remains for completion of the task. Project
progression of the Kent Hotel can also be indentified with the help of network diagram.
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Figure: Network Diagram
(Source: Created By Learner)
3] Leadership - explain & analyse
Leadership is an essential skill of project managers. They should to adopt strong and positive
leadership style, which will help them to lead the team. Project managers need to motivate their
team as well as provide assistances in project work. In Kent Hall Hotel, project managers are
ready to face upcoming challenges in the project. They are highly determined to set a clear
vision for team members, which will help in reducing conflicts among them. Another
responsibility of project managers is to come up with innovative ideas in the project work. Team
members can complete the project work within a particular time frame through guidance of a
good leader. Project managers of Kent Hall Hotel need to give their best efforts for successful
completion of this project. This is only possible by their positive leadership skills. Managers can
use visionary leadership style, where managers explain how members can contribute towards
vision of the management. Leaders and followers work together towards a shared goal
(Nanjundeswaraswamy and Swamy, 2014).
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Task 2 [C] Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application to your
project using the appropriate theories models and concepts.
Kent Hall Hotel is going to use Project Life Cycle Model, which will help executives and
managers to control the project work effectively and efficiently. Initiation phase of this model
provides the definition and background of the project case. Planning phase helps to develop
overview of the project. Project execution phase gives an idea on controlling and monitoring the
project. This Project life cycle model gives a structured approach in successful delivery of the
project. Outputs of each activity are defined by this model. It helps in defining roles of each
member in the project work. This model also helps the organization to plan amount of resources
required for the project work avoiding wastage of resources.
Gantt chart will help to put timelines and multiple tasks in a single chart. It also helps the project
team in terms of getting a meaningful project schedule. It includes the ability to sequence each
event. Team members able to understand the impact of project delay and steps to deal with such
issues. Tasks are loaded more precisely that the chart can show the impact of unexpected
changes in the project work. Managers take effective decisions regarding time table and
resources through the help of Gantt chart. This chart identifies essential tasks from wide ranges
of task and the relationship between them (Sharp et al., 2012).
Network Diagram is essential for this project as it justifies time frame for each activity.
Interdependencies of each activity can be understood through this diagram. Overall progressions
of the project and work flow are shown in this diagram. Project team is able to know the
sequence of project activities. It can identify opportunities, which can compress the schedule
(Lock, 2017).
Critical path helps to understand the difference between start and end date of the project work. It
focuses in completion of one task before starting of another task. Project managers can compare
between actual time and planned time. They can identify which tasks are taking longer time and
which are going as per the schedule. It also gives a warning sign to project managers, if project
work is going behind the expected milestones and completion dates (Böhme et al., 2012).
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There are chances of a lot of leadership issues during the project work. Project managers are
responsible for conveying right messages to right people. Lack of effective communication
creates conflicts among team members. A good leadership skill is associated with defining
transparent vision for team members. Individuals unable to work in a right track due to lack of
clear vision. Sometimes plans are executed in a poor manner. This means project managers and
members do not follow plan as per the sequence. Apart from this, team members unable to get
proper motivation from their managers for which they do not show loyalty towards their work.
Ineffective leadership style is another major issue in project management. Autocratic leadership
style allows team members to follow all orders without questioning to the management. This
style degrades the creativity of team members in a project work. In order to avoid this issue,
democratic leadership style must be used, where opinions of team members are considered in
project decision making process (Giltinane, 2013). Every member gets a chance to show their
creativity during whole project work.
The project methodology is based on agile concept. This is important for this project work as it
divides whole project in to small pieces of works. Therefore, it becomes easier for project
managers to test and evaluate each phase separately. This methodology elaborates requirements
of projects before commencement. Transparency of project work is increased through this
methodology. There is less chance of failure of project by using Agile Technology. It gives more
focus on business value through enhancing return on investment. This methodology aims at
delivering requirements incrementally throughout the project.
In the recent days, a model named “Capability Maturity Model” is used to develop various
project management models namely K-PMMM (Project Management Maturity Model, kerzner)
and PMS-PMMM (Project Management Maturity Model, Project Management Institute) and
others. This maturity model constitutes of various maturity levels, and in these levels, there
exists set of processes. This model consists of five levels of maturity: initial or chaotic, managed,
defined, quantitative managed and optimized.
This model will be used for the successful establishment of the project so decided. At the initial
level, the process is quite complex and chaotic as no stable environment is provided by the
organization. Success to develop depends on the people of the organization. For development
and making the project successful, it should be kept in the constrained budget, the requirements
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should be effectively found out and services should be managed. Track should be kept on the
project processing and every record should be visible to the management. Processes need to be
managed effectively and the interrelationships between the various aspects of the process
activities should be understood. In case of this project the place should the decided where the bar
will be opened the workers who would be working.
The process of development should be such that the customer interests should be considered.
There must be exclusive offers provided to the customers to retain them and attracting more,
which will help to increase revenue and make the project successful. The main process of
development and attaining success should be divided into various sub processes, which will
effectively contribute in the overall activity. The objectives of the company should be qualitative
and based on customer interests to satisfy them. The quality of the products made available
should be good and cost effective. The performance of the process should be analyzed
statistically, if errors are found in the given project they should be corrected and further
occurrences are avoided.
Processes, which are carried on, are continuously improved based on new quantitative
understandings. The processes are analyzed at each and every step and if any scope of
improvement is found out, they are improved. Thus, steps should be carried on in improving and
optimizing each process in the development of the project. Various changes might be faced in the
development of the desired project, that is the opening of bar in this context, the organization
must have ability to respond rapidly to the faced changes and challenges and speed up the
process and share the learning. The process of making improvement is the most important aspect
in the desired project development; it is the duty of everyone to suggest improvements, which
will in turn result in the continual improvement of the process to be followed for the successful
establishment of the project. If the above-mentioned steps, which provide a necessary foundation
for the effective establishment of the project, are analyzed and followed then it will be possible
to establish the bar in the Kent-Hall hotel and it will run as a successful project.
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Task 2 [D] Critically analyse how the use of appropriate theories, concepts and models
in the PLC will differentiate between large and small-scale projects.
Infrastructure projects can be categorized into three categories namely small, major and mega.
One of the most essential characteristic of a large project is their contribution that can be
endowed by them on high-level objectives from an economic perspective. Big and innovative
project like the one in Kent Hall Hotel can help the nation build an expertise and thus
become a world leader related to use of technology. A large-scale project can also be attractive to
politicians as they consider this project as a vote winner. In case of large scale, project leadership
theories applied in the project lifecycle is immensely commendable. In recent days, Capability
Maturity Models are implemented to act as supporting tools for strategic decision, planning and
other forms of activities that can be available in various levels of management. The project
management maturity model helps in integration, improvement of project management and
evaluation of such projects. In large scale projects maturity as well as competence is much more
higher in comparison to small scale projects as in large scale projects project management plays
a pivotal role in understanding the challenges of an unstable and unpredictable market.
Concept of continuous improvement can be well implemented in large-scale project in
comparison to small-scale projects. Continuous improvement deals with ongoing improvement
of services and this demands resources and money that can be catered by a large-scale project in
a much more coherent manner (Singh and Singh, 2015). Agile methods are being used to focus
on extending helping hands to teams that can render quick delivery of the business value
(Augustine, 2005). Benefits from agile methodology are generally applicable for large-scale
projects where swift delivery of business value is prioritized in comparison to small-scale
projects. In a small-scale project resource and investment is lower, hence agile method requires
high investment, and hence small projects keep away such expenses. In large scale, project
customer satisfaction is high since product quality is higher due to proper implementation of
agile method. In large-scale projects, it is necessary to have an enhanced project control with
sprint meetings and transparency. Moreover, there is a reduced form of risk in agile
methodologies. However, agile methods are not well applicable for large development projects
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where schedules of project have to meet deadlines like budget or change lockdowns. Large
projects that try to be aligned with communication and budget, waterfall approach can be best
suited. In this context, one thing can also be mentioned that development in large projects is just
a trivial portion and hence agile methods remain supreme in large-scale projects. Small scale
projects due to restricted resources and money implements traditional methods in their project
execution.
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Conclusion
The above study has focused on implementation of operation management principles within
Jaguar. Various theories are applied to measure the efficiency of project work. Six sigma and
lean management play an essential role to conduct project effectively. The study has given
importance in reducing cost without compromising quality. Importance of project life cycle in
project work is shown in this study. Each stage of PLC has equal importance project work.
Managers need to choose appropriate methodology and tool for successful completion of the
project. Leadership issues should be avoided in this context, as a good leadership skill motivates
team members to work properly for the project.
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