Leadership: Comparing Japanese and Indian Cultural Dimensions

This report provides a comparative analysis of Japanese and Indian cultures, focusing on various cultural dimensions and their implications for leadership and business practices. The report begins with an introduction to the concept of culture, emphasizing its importance in communication and global awareness. It then delves into specific cultural dimensions, including uncertainty avoidance, power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, long-term orientation, and indulgence vs. restraint, comparing the characteristics of Japan and India in each dimension. The analysis highlights both similarities and differences between the two cultures, providing insights into how these cultural nuances influence business etiquette, social customs, and overall societal behavior. The report also includes a section on business relations, discussing key aspects of business etiquette in both Japan and India. The study concludes with a list of references used in the research. This report is designed to enhance the reader's understanding of cultural environments, promote investigative research skills, and improve communication skills in a global context.

Presenter:-

Introduction
Culture can be defined as the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement
regarded collectively. Also is can be defined as the ideas, customs and social behaivor of a
particular people or society. In our discussion, we are going to discuss the culture of people of
Japan in comparison with the culture of India.
Why We Should Learn About Culture?
culture helps the scholars to improves their communication skills
learning other people’s culture helps one to the willingness to travel to other countries in need of wanting to
know more
studying other people’s culture helps in creating awareness in the long run.
other people are also learning about my culture, so I must also study about them
learning about other people’s culture helps in accepting the diversity.
The research about this culture was conducted by a scholar in Japan.

Cultural Dimensions
Degree to which members of culture is uncomfortable with risk and uncertainity
Low in the US, Denmark, India and the UK
How uncertainty avoidance in France, Argentina and Japan
Japan Culture
 Japan is a country with high uncertainty avoidance risk
 Less open attitude toward what is different and foreign
 Has strict hierarchical structure
Indian and Japan culture (Similarities/Difference)
Both has easy to go with failure in and outside the company
Showcase flexibility when it come to any change in the plans
Both are sure when it come to managing risks
When it come to risk taking, Indians are risk taker unlike Japanese
Uncertainty Avoidance

Cultural Dimensions
This is the extent to which the culture excepts that power is unequally
distributed
There is low in Scandinavia
Power distance is high in South America and France compared to other
countries.
Japan Culture
 Japan has power distance of about 54 percent
 Its conscious of its hierarchical position
 are only communicated and expected to adhere
 Employees are told what to do
Indian and Japan culture (Similarities/Difference)
Behavior are most important in a company
Mostly, the highest person in hierarchy is the strongest
Junior employees take instructions from senior employees
Less fortune in the society has no say
Upwards formal attitude and behavior
Power Distance
 In the company and other organizations, major decision are
taken by executives
 Junior employees are expected to follow senior employees
without questining

Cultural Dimensions
This is been more concerned about yourself despite of others.
One only considers he own benefit or gain more than others in the society and in the working
environment
On the other collective cares for the other
Japan Culture
 There is socialism and capitalism
 The community goals is followed to the final
 Japanese are loyal and faithful to their neighbours
Indian and Japanese culture (Similarities/Difference)
Both countries encourage team work
Both countries discourage individualism
Unlike Japanese, Indians prioritize relationship in corporate sector
Family, workgroup and social circle influences one’s choice
Individualism v collectivism
 On the other hand, in school individualism is discouraged
 In working places team work are encouraged
 Children are taught to overcome individualism

Cultural Dimensions
To balance this, any nation can be neutral
In many cases, femininity is mostly focused on quality of life
Masculinity culture where achievement and success is considered vital
Japanese Culture
 From the research, Japan as a country is a balanced gender
country
 In this country, cases of gender discrimination is very limited or
there is none
Indian and Japan culture (Similarities/Difference)
 working and earning for the family is more important
Earning for the family is above everything else
Achievement and recognition brings satisfactory to both people
People showoff success through brands and expensive items in Japan
Under privileged class lack masculinity and prefer quality of life
Masculinity and Femininity
 In many cases, the earning and success is also more critical
 One is supposed to maintain a good balance of income and
lifestyle

Cultural Dimensions
This is the potential attributed of people and the society in the long run in order to manage
the balance between traditional thoughts.
This type of culture dimension also helps in acceptance of new changes
The ability and the desire to prepare for the future
Japan Culture
 The people of Japan like to take risk on long-term
investments
 Most of investors in Japan have a visionaries
 Most of companies in Japan strive to grow in the long run
Indian and Japan culture (Similarities/Difference)
The two have the ability to move quickly and easily on changes
Hardly punctual as do not consider long terms plans to be important
Rely on religion more than hard work
Change planning with changes in reality
Long Term Orientation
 Majority of people of Japan are always open for new ideas
and concepts in the long run
 People of Japan have Virtue which they emphasis onal

Cultural Dimensions
This kind of cultural dimensions is the extent to which a society, organization, company or an
individual can control the impulse
This mostly encourages people to restrict and manage their desires in the long run
The opportunity and support to have fund and enjoy
Japan Culture
 In many cases the culture of Japanese is moderate in
nature
 People of Japan have mixed feelings
Indian and Japan culture (Similarities/Difference)
 both countries follow their religious practices on a large scale
Both countries have high level of patience
In Japan, they believes that earning and working is more important than spending
Saves money for the future activities
Indulgence and Restraint
 Others want to live within traditional and social limits

Social Customs and Business Relations
Basics and idea of |Japanese appropriate business manners
Japanese business people understand other manner have different manner thus they forgive
easily
Expected behaviour and attitude of people at work
Japan Culture
 Politeness
 Business card
 Greeting
 Outfit
Indian and Japan culture (Similarities/Difference)
Personal relationship is given utmost consideration
In many cases men shaking hands with women is considered inappropriate
Great each and every person in a group meeting
Body language is noticed and judged
Business Etiquette
 Interests
 Distance
 Time for preparedness
 Unknown rules

References
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2016.
Dunn, Cynthia Dickel. "Bowing Incorrectly: Aesthetic Labor and Expert Knowledge in Japanese Business Etiquette Training."
In Japanese at Work, pp. 15-36. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2018.
Turner, Eboni, Gregory Norman-Conchas, David O’Dell, Andrew Weis, Ranj Agha, Kevin Barahona, Robert Barry et al.
"CHINA, COSTA RICA, JAPAN, LEBANON, PAKISTAN, SAUDI ARABIA, THE UAE, AND THE USA: CUTOMER SERVICE AND
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Mazanec, Josef A., John C. Crotts, Dogan Gursoy, and Lu Lu. "Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-
response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation." Tourism Management48 (2015):
299-304.
Colombo, Patricia Eustachio, Emma Patterson, Liselotte Schäfer Elinder, Anna Karin Lindroos, Ulf Sonesson, Nicole Darmon,
and Alexandr Parlesak. "Optimizing School Food Supply: integrating Environmental, Health, Economic, and Cultural
Dimensions of Diet Sustainability with Linear Programming." (2019).