Java vs .Net: A Comprehensive Comparison of Programming Languages

This research paper provides a detailed comparison between Java and .Net, two prominent programming languages and frameworks. It begins with an introduction to programming languages and their significance in technology, highlighting the evolution and popularity of languages like C++, Python, and others. The main body of the paper delves into the specifics of Java, developed by Sun Microsystems, and .Net, a framework by Microsoft. It explores their object-oriented nature, application areas, and the advantages each offers. The paper contrasts Java's cross-platform capabilities and extensive libraries with .Net's integration with Windows and its web services support. It further discusses career opportunities in both fields, emphasizing the importance of continuous learning and skill development. The paper concludes by summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of both languages, guiding developers in choosing the right technology based on project requirements and existing skill sets. The paper also includes references to relevant books and journals to support the analysis.

RESEARCH
PAPER

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Programming languages particulates a set of codified instructions that are used to produce
various kinds of outputs. They are the specifications of a computation. These are the basis of the
recent advancements in the technologies (Matthew, 2017). There are numerous such languages
present in the present world that can be used for development. Over thousands of languages are
created but the few of them become popular. Some of them involves C, C++, Python, Java, .net,
PHP, etc. These languages are used for monitoring the behaviour of a machine. The present
research revolves around two language, .Net and Java. Both of them aims to simplify the
development if application by providing different components and services. Despite of these
similarities there are so many differences in Java and .Net. The present research is to compare
and contrast these languages.
MAIN BODY
Java being the most popular programming language was developed at Sun Microsystem
by James Gosling. It was not designed with keeping internet in mind. The major attention of this
language is on complicated network programming tasks. It have a look and feel of C++ language
but way simpler than it in use (Stanley and Stroustrup,2016). It is a concurrent, class-based and
object oriented language which is designed to have minimal implementation dependencies. The
Java language project was initiated in 1991. There are numerous applications of this language in
Java platform. The three key platform involves Java SE, Java EE and Java ME. The use outside
the Java platform is also recommendable. The language is a key pillar in Android and OS mobile
operating systems. This is most favoured for the development of edge device and internet of
things.
There are many components that contributed the Java programming language to become
so ubiquitous. The programs created in Java offer great portability in a network. The source code
can run anywhere in a network having Java virtual machine. Unlike other programming
languages, Java has no references to any data external to themselves. In addition to this, Java is
an object-oriented language. Further, Java applet offers great flexibility to the users. It may be
recognised that its feel and look like C++ makes developers to learn it easily. The use of this
language is widespread, such as big data processing frameworks, integration platforms and micro
services development platforms (Mihai, and Dodd, 2017). Java servers are further better for
complex applications supporting higher volumes of users. This language can be used for multiple
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operating system which makes it a leading player. The HTTP engine application serves from
Multiple Vendors. In this programming language the data processing is performed by JDBC.
Further, the object persistence is hibernate in it. It abides Spring Web Application Network.
.NET is an excellent framework and C# is a fine language, they are tied to the fortunes of
the Microsoft Windows Server platform. .Net is a software framework that is developed by
Microsoft. It majorly works on Microsoft Windows. It uses the supporting programming
languages as C#, VB.NET which works on windows operating system. It possess built-in web
services support (Lingkang,Yan, and Xiu, 2017). The platform of .Net is actually compilation of
two languages namely, VB.NET and C#. Like Java, .Net is also an object oriented language. The
codes are deployed in it and thus, the project is also deployed. This language encourages the use
of classes, inheritance and polymorphism. It also makes the work more standardised. This
languages has completely took over the web services and APIs, especially for windows API
services. Windows developers prefer this language over any other. The .Met framework is a
concrete and free product developed by Microsoft and is integrated into the Windows Operating
System. This tool provides an enhanced ability to develop and integrate web services. The
applications become more extensible and interoperable because of the integration with the web
services. The data access in this is done in ADD.Net/oleDB.
It is remote by SOAP, HHRP and DCOM. The GUI components of this languages
includes the .net class. The major concept behind the use of this language it does not rely on third
party vendors to provide any implementation. Further, a standard development integrated
development environment is available at Microsoft Visual Studio for .Net which encompasses all
the things that a developer needs to develop, debug, build and deploy any type of application.
There are many advantages of using this for programming such as a single stop solution on
sever, database and front end development (Lili, Li, Zhang, Wang, and Jin,2016). The visual
studio is an amazing tool that simplifies the complexity of varied platforms. It is a simpler
learning curve to achieve cloud, web and mobile development goals. It further consists more
simpler, cleaner and meaningful coding practices. The architecture of this method is more
elaborated and expressive. It is the first choice of big businesses. Moreover, the .Net core which
is an open source can be used in developing cross-platform application. Also, writing a web API
is more easier process through .Net. One can easily write native mobile apps on Android, Apple
or Windows phone using .Net Further, the language is fully supported by the Azure Cloud
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computing. The use of this tool is also favourable speed-wise. This language is faster at some
things which can not be matched by any other tool.
There are various changes that can be seen in both the languages that is .Net and Java.
The comparison can be made on different aspects, application areas and future scope of those
languages. As stated by the Nobuo and et. al.(2016), Java can intended use application, business,
client-side, general, mobile development, server-side and web. It has a complete platform where
software can be build are used at many places. However, as described by the Manuel (2017), the
.NET has more application and use such as it can be used for application, RAD, education, web,
business, general. It has been the general discussion among the software developers as they need
to the results will decide the career & future prospects perspective. The only way to access the
betterment in both the languages is that to enrich the data from the engineers that might have
accessed it. In terms of the difference the main difference is that Java is a programming language
in terms of its most of the application while .Net is a framework. Java can be used with the other
languages that is C#, VB.Net, F# and others for the development of the platforms. However,
framework is already built ready-made functionality where user can directly access the
information on its fingertips when a individual is writing the code using the framework.
In terms of the application areas both the platforms are quite robust and are used for the
complex projects at global level. Thus far, it is knowledge and understanding level that help
make these languages are use areas popular. People will find the Java as easier and some will
find the .Net to be easy (Matthew,2017).
Career Opportunities In Java Vs. .Net
As the ultimate aim of learning these programs or platforms is to have better career
opportunities. It is simple saying that no job opening has mentioned that they required "Java
Programmers Required" or ".Net Programmers Required". There are various opportunities in
both the field but it only requires that person should keep learning and should improve his
knowledge and skills for the career they wanted to chose. In Java, individual should be aware
about the J2EE, JSF and for the .NET folks there is C#, SQL server and other MS tech. As
changing environment is there but developers are in high demands as technology up-gradation
can never be predicted.
As there is no prediction about the future, so the development provided can be seen
within fraction of the seconds. Java platform as is based on the Java Development Kit (JDK)
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which comprise of the very requirement for the software. It comprises of the Java Runtime
Environment (JRE) and Java Virtual Machine (JVM) where all function can be performed (Mala
and et.al, 2016). It has its own set of libraries that have specific information which developers
have to write earlier. Moreover, it is developed by the Sun Microsystems, and now owned by
Oracle Corporation which maintains its programs and standards. For .NET Platform made by the
Microsoft that consist of the 5 main components comprise of its own tool-set, framework, library
and many more things.
Being similar in various ways, there are changes that can be seen through internal
working and languages that are related to them. In terms of the platforms, Microsoft’s .NET
Framework, being is open-source is mono as made by Windows for their operating system.
However, Java, on the other hand, is made for the development at any devices and is freely
available (David J., Kölling, and Gosling, 2017). Moreover, the application can be run to
different system and platforms. .NET Framework is the free product but only developed by the
Microsoft, however, there are various vendors that are available for the Java some of them are
Linux distribution, IBM, HP and many more. All the companies promote the innovation, but
there is high competition in terms of the compatibility standards, quality and development time
significantly. The standardization adopted by the Java is the De facto standard via Java Language
Specification. However, there is no standards for the .NET.
In terms of the technology and use, both the platforms are best and a skilled developer
can easily build quality enterprise applications using them (Andrew, 2016). However, if there is
need to identify one among them for this, comparison is made based on complexity, there is high
application areas for the rich graphical user interfaces and deliver content to the web browser but
Java are better for the complex application and more user friendly. Java is a multi-platform
portability and in that people can make choices they required for their projects. Its core strength
lies in the library that are developed by various third-party vendors and are easily available. In
terms of the cost factor in productivity based on choice of tools, turnaround time, and hosting
costs such as users per server, cost of application servers, etc. Changes can be seen in these areas
the timeline for the language continues (Wallace, 2016).
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CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the platform to pick depends on your situation and the needs of your
application. For the developers, Java is the best option but if a person is software expert then
platforms will never hamper. The only terms these things depends are complexity of the
applications, profitability and existing developers skills. The similarities can be seen in the
Imperative, Object oriented, functional, procedural, generic, reflective and event driven process.
The language that is based on the benchmarks will continue for the future.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Allen, Matthew. "Parametric polymorphism in the Go programming language." (2017).
Barnes, David J., Michael Kölling, and James Gosling. Objects first with Java: A practical
introduction using Bluej. Pearson, 2017.
Budiu, Mihai, and Chris Dodd. "The P416 Programming Language." ACM SIGOPS Operating
Systems Review 51. no. 1 (2017): 5-14.
Funabiki, Nobuo and et. al. "Offline answering function for fill-in-blank problems in Java
Programming Learning Assistant System." In Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-
TW), 2016 IEEE International Conference on. pp. 1-2. IEEE. 2016.
Gu, Lingkang, Nan Yan, and Yu Xiu. "Discussion on Teaching Methods and Choice of
Programming Language on Software Engineering Major." DEStech Transactions on
Engineering and Technology Research apetc (2017).
Hoffman, Andrew. "Java: The Best Guide to Master Java Programming Fast-Volume 2." (2016).
Hoffman, Stanley, and Burne Stroustrup. C++: A Smart Way to Learn C++ Programming and
Javascript (c plus plus, C++ for beginners, JAVA, programming computer, hacking,
hacking exposed). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016.
Jackson, Wallace. "The Automation of Digital Video: Programming." In Digital Video Editing
Fundamentals, pp. 153-166. Apress, 2016.
Mazzara, Manuel. "Designing a pi-based Programming Language in the. NET framework: CLR
interoperability from the Programmer's point of view." arXiv preprint
arXiv:1703.05185(2017).
Mou, Lili, Ge Li, Lu Zhang, Tao Wang, and Zhi Jin. "Convolutional Neural Networks over Tree
Structures for Programming Language Processing." In AAAI. pp. 1287-1293. 2016.
Rebwar Mala and et.al "Writing Kurdish Alphabetics in Java Programming." Writing 7. no. 1
(2016).
Online
Katdare, K., 2017. [Online]. Accessed from:<https://www.crazyengineers.com/threads/java-or-
net-which-is-better-for-future-career.73827/>. [Available through: 5th October 2017 ].
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