Corporate & Financial Accounting: JKY Limited's Takeover Consolidation

This report provides a scientific outline of various accounting types associated with JKY Limited's takeover decision of FAB Limited, focusing on consolidation and equity bookkeeping differences, intra-group transactions, and disclosures related to non-controlling interests. The consolidation method involves recording assets and liabilities based on the proportion of involvement, while the equity method recognizes income based on equity investment sums. Intra-group transactions, such as inventory sales, require elimination of unrealized profits in consolidated accounts. The report also discusses the separate reporting requirement for non-controlling interests in the consolidation process and alterations needed for accurate group financial statement depiction, referencing AASB standards for guidance. The effect of reporting requirements of developing the group financial statements is also addressed.

Running head: CORPORATE AND FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Corporate Takeover Decision Making and the Effects on Consolidation Accounting
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1CORPORATE AND FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Executive Summary:
The aim of this paper is to attain a scientific outline of the variety of "accounting"
types associated with the takeover decision undertaken by JKY Limited. When
subsidiary is involved in sale of goods having non-controlling interest to the group, it
is necessary to eliminate the whole unrecognised profit. This leads to a question of
whether the profit has to be disclosed in relation to non-controlling interest. Firstly,
the non-controlling costs have to be assigned to the unrealised share of profit. This
results in complete removal of the overall profit. The other approach includes no
allocation of unrealised profit to the non-controlling interests and the amount for such
interests reveals the share capital entitlement and reserves related to the subsidiary.
It could be said that the effect of reporting requirements of developing the group
financial statements.

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Table of Contents
Introduction:..................................................................................................................3
Part A Response:..........................................................................................................3
Part B Response:..........................................................................................................5
Part C Response:.........................................................................................................6
Conclusion:...................................................................................................................7
References:..................................................................................................................9

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Introduction:
The aim of this paper is to attain a scientific outline of the variety of
"accounting" types associated with decision undertaken by JKY Limited to purchase
FAB Limited. The initial section of this paper would be highlighting the dissimilarities
between the technical diversities in "consolidation book-keeping" and "equity book-
keeping" with precise illustrations. The next section would be discussing the key
ideas of "intra-group transactions" and their evaluation by using treated illustrations.
On the final section, the report would provide a critical discussion on disclosures
associated with non-controlling interests as a particular item in the consolidation
method.
Part A Response:
From the provided thematic analysis, it has been identified that in order to
"acquire" "FAB Ltd", the authorities of "JKY Ltd" is in a predicament regarding the
selection of the "acquisition" plan. The system of "consolidation" and the system of
"equity" are "two" kinds of "acquisition" methodologies utilised while "two" firms are
taking part in a joint project (Balakrishnan, Watts and Zuo 2016). The selection of
any "one" of these systems is dependent on the way the "income statement" and the
"balance sheet statement" of the business "report" the "joint venture". This
appropriately states that the two techniques have significant differences between
each other in techniques, which are stated as follows:
Consolidation method of accounting:
According to this system of "accounting", "assets and liabilities" of a joint
project are recorded in the "balance sheet statement" of business depending on the
proportion of involvement the establishment maintains in the project (Lins, Servaes
and Tamayo 2017). It is necessary to consider all acquisition expenses and income
at the time of calculating assets and liabilities and there should be use of income
statement and balance sheet statement for their recognition. According to
"Paragraph B86 of AASB 10", the combined "financial statements" are connected in
such a manner that all financial statement items are included in them (Aasb.gov.au
2019). However, the combined system of accounting makes elimination
modifications with the target to nullify "inter-business transactions" so that values are
not counted twice at the level of consolidation.
"Paragraph B88 of AASB 10" conducts the calculation requirements of the
varying classes of items of the "operating statements", in it the income and costs of
the auxiliary are based on "asset and liability" amount obtained in the consolidated
statement of profit or loss at acquisition period. Hence, fair values are used for
computing such items at the period of acquisition. "Paragraph 32 of AASB 3", cites a
particular situation in terms of "goodwill" recognition. The claimer has to recognise
"goodwill" at the acquisition period as the higher of the "two" depicted below:
a. The aggregate of-
The measurement and engagement of consideration related to "AASB 3" requiring
"fair value" during the period of "acquisition".
The amount of non-controlling interest held by the organisation purchasing shares of
another organisation with adherence to the standard

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b. The aggregate of the identifiable "asset" amount received and the anticipated
"liability" gauged in accordance to the codes (Aasb.gov.au 2019). An example is
considered where JKY Limited has invested an amount of "$20 million" for this
matter. The "journal entry" passed is shown below-
In the next year, an investment amount of $10 million is made so that JKY
Limited could buy maximum shares of FAB Limited.
Therefore, the cash "equity" of "JKY Ltd" sums up to "$10 million", when
"asset equity" is "$20 million". In the "books" of "FAB Ltd", the transaction is depicted
below-
During the end of the session, the "consolidated statement" would showing
the following-
Equity accounting method:
It is used for analysing the method of "profit" gained from investments in new
trades (Watson 2015). The establishment discloses incomes obtained on investment
on the "profit and loss statements", it is based on the "equity" investment sum.
“AASB 128, Para 10” states that cost basis should be used for investment
recognition in the initial stage, after which value would be increased of profit or loss
share of stakeholders associated with the acquisition period (Aasb.gov.au 2019). For
"goodwill" recognition, the "fair value" of the "equity interests" of the "acquiree" is
used during the period of "acquisition", rather than the "fair value" of the transferred
"equity interests" during the period of "acquisition" with regards to "Paragraph 33 of
AASB 3" (Aasb.gov.au 2019). For instance, an assumption is made that $50,000 is
incurred for buying FAB Limited’s 30% shares, while net income is disclosed as
$100,000 and $50,000 is realised as benefits. When "JKY Ltd" would conduct the
purchasing system, the "transaction" would be recorded at price in the following
manner-
The investment account is subject to depreciation owing to the receipt of
dividend amounting to $15,000.

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Finally, "JKY Ltd" would record the aggregate of "profit" of "FAB Ltd" as a
raise to the "investment account".
Part B Response:
At the time of "financial session", it is natural for a certain legal units within an
"economic" establishment for "transacting" with one another. So, to create
"consolidated accounts", the impact of all the "transactions" between the units within
the establishment is eradicated fully, even at the time the "parent" firm retains only a
part of the "issued equity" (Crowther 2018). As per "Paragraph 29 of AASB 127"
requires "intra-group equities", "transactions", costs and receivables to be eradicated
completely (Legislation.gov.au 2019). A few illustrations of "intra-group transactions"
considerably include the following-
Disbursement of management charges to a representative of the "group".
Disbursement of dividends to members of the "group".
Inventory selling to "intra-group".
"Intra-group" "non-current asset" sells.
Loans to "intra-groups".
The "consolidation" alterations incorporated with "intra-group" "transactions"
eliminates this kind of "transactions" through annulments of the actual "book-
keeping" entries made for recognition of the "transactions" in particular legal
establishments (Kothari 2019).
Based on the provided information, it could be witnessed that there has been
inventory purchase by JKY Limited from a subsidiary. Based on the group
perspective, revenue could not be recognised until inventory is sold to the other
parties. Hence, the profits that are not realised have to be removed from the
consolidated accounts. The sale of inventory results in unrecognised profit within the
group held at the end of the year. As per “AASB 127, Para 5”, the losses or gains
obtained from transactions within the group that are realised in inventories and non-
current assets have to be removed fully (Kothari 2019).
In the given case, the subsidiary has disposed off a part of its inventory to
JKY Limited, which includes a mark-up in cost. At the time JKY Limited is involved in
selling inventories to the other parties, no issues would occur when it comes to the
transaction point of the group. However, until the time inventory is sold to the outside
customers, the profit made by the subsidiary would be classified as unrealised
resulting in undue increase in group profit. Hence, the unrecognised profit has to be
eliminated fully. If it assumed that inventory was purchased by JKY Limited from a
subsidiary valuing $10,000 with 25% mark-up, gain on inventory would be $2,000.
This would lead to overstated consolidated profit by $2,00, which needs to be
adjusted by passing the entry below:
Dr Consolidated Profit $2,000
Cr Consolidated Inventory $2,000
When subsidiary is involved in sale of goods having non-controlling interest to
the group, it is necessary to eliminate the whole unrecognised profit. This leads to a
question of whether the profit has to be disclosed in relation to non-controlling
interest. Firstly, the non-controlling costs have to be assigned to the unrealised share

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of profit. This results in complete removal of the overall profit. The other approach
includes no allocation of unrealised profit to the non-controlling interests and the
amount for such interests reveals the share capital entitlement and reserves related
to the subsidiary (Kothari 2019).
An example is considered where interest of JKY Limited is 80% in A and 75%
in B. A has sold products valuing $70,000 in lieu of $100,000 to B and B has
managed to sell only 50% of the products. During the development of the group
financial statements, the elimination of unrealised inventory profit is necessary. Profit
is transferred to B at $50,000 and the cost of the group would be $35,000. As a
result, intra-group profit requires elimination of inventory by $15,000. In case of the
application of the first method, as JKY Limited has only 20% non-controlling interest,
the total amount would stand at $3,000, which is obtained by multiplying $15,000
with 20%.
Part C Response:
NCI reporting requirement in the form of separate item in the consolidation
process:
As per “AASB 127, Para 6”, non-controlling interests have to be developed
separately from the equity of the parent entity in the balance sheet (Aasb.gov.au
2019). A part of equity in the subsidiary is non-controlling interest and the attribution
could not be made to the parent, be it direct or indirect. The standard has helped in
enhanced reporting and accounting in relation to non-controlling interest in the
financial reports. The consolidation process requires separate reporting of non-
controlling interest, as the shareholders’ equity have to be reconciled for highlighting
the modifications made in the parent and non-controlling interest, which is specifies
in “AASB 101, Para 106 (a)”. The distinct non-controlling interest value has to be
labelled and identified distinctively so that excess clarifications could be provided to
the shareholders of the parent, as they have claims on the net assets. In addition,
fair representation is made at the time any subsidiary has either direct or indirect NCI
(Kothari 2019).
The equity transactions are identified as the alterations in ownership interest
of the parent entity in any subsidiary that does not happen if the subsidiary is no
more controlled by the parent. When there are alterations in the equity portion held
by non-controlling interest, adjustments are necessary for the relative interest of the
subsidiary in the carrying amounts of controlling as well as non-controlling interests.
There has to be direct realisation of the fair value related to payment for
consideration and adjustments pertaining to non-controlling interest and therefore,
the group shareholders are attributed to them (Kothari 2019).
Alterations required assuring correct depiction of the group financial
statements:
To assure that the consolidated financial statements are presented
accurately, AASB 101 has specified different changes, The group financial
statements are not needed to be prepared at the identical reporting date and it is
necessary to carry out adjustments to represent the impact on major transactions or
events taking place between the subsidiary dates and the financial statements of the
group.
The losses from impairment of the related assets need to be recognised,
which could be detected from the losses within the group. Besides, intra-group
transactions, expenses, income and balances require elimination. The financial

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statements of the group have to take into account various cash flow items, assets,
expenses and liabilities of the parent entity and its subsidiaries. It is crucial to ensure
that the group accounting policies need to be uniform for undertaking appropriate
adjustments to the financial reports of the group member when preparing the group
financial statements in a situation that any group member uses varying accounting
policies for different transactions (Kothari 2019).
The total comprehensive income has to be attributed to the parent
management along with non-controlling interest despite any chance of the treatment
to result in negative balance pertaining to non-controlling interest. Impact of the
mandatory alternations on reporting requirements in the annual report:
“AASB 127, Para 10” states that at the time separate financial reports are
prepared by an entity, investments have to be accounted for incurred in joint
ventures, subsidiaries and associates either as per AASB 9 or at cost (Aasb.gov.au
2019). This allows the scope of relaxation for the consolidated financial reports.
Hence, it is necessary to mention the degree and nature of any significant
drawbacks owing to the regulation requirements on the subsidiary’s ability to transfer
to the parent either through advances, loan repayment and cash dividends (Kothari
2019).
Moreover, when the group financial statements are prepared, the statements
of the subsidiaries are needed at the end of the reporting year and if there is
difference in the date of reporting between the parent firm and the subsidiaries, there
have to be pertinent disclosures of the same. Besides, if the voting rights of the
parent are below 50%, it is essential to report the same explaining the sort of
association between the two firms. Therefore, it could be said that the effect of
reporting requirements of developing the group financial statements.
Conclusion:
Based on the above analysis, it could be cited that For "goodwill" recognition,
the "fair value" of the "equity interests" of the "acquiree" is used during the period of
"acquisition", rather than the "fair value" of the transferred "equity interests" during
the period of "acquisition" with regards to "Paragraph 33 of AASB 3". When
subsidiary is involved in sale of goods having non-controlling interest to the group, it
is necessary to eliminate the whole unrecognised profit. This leads to a question of
whether the profit has to be disclosed in relation to non-controlling interest. Firstly,
the non-controlling costs have to be assigned to the unrealised share of profit. This
results in complete removal of the overall profit. The other approach includes no
allocation of unrealised profit to the non-controlling interests and the amount for such
interests reveals the share capital entitlement and reserves related to the subsidiary.
It could be said that the effect of reporting requirements of developing the group
financial statements.

8CORPORATE AND FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
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