Analysis of Organisational Behaviour at John Lewis Partnership

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organisational behaviour within the John Lewis Partnership. It examines key concepts such as organisational culture, power dynamics, and politics, highlighting their impact on employee behaviour and performance. The report explores various motivation theories, including expectancy theory and Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and their practical application within the company. It also differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, discussing the importance of open communication and situational leadership. The analysis aims to provide insights into how John Lewis can leverage these concepts to enhance employee performance and achieve its organisational objectives. The report utilizes academic sources to support its findings, offering a comprehensive overview of the subject matter. This report is contributed by a student to be published on the website Desklib. Desklib is a platform which provides all the necessary AI based study tools for students.

Organisation And
Behaviour

Introduction:
Organisation action is a examination of how people behave within a groups or in the
team. Under the organisational behaviour, different types of areas are covered such as rising job
performances, accelerative job satisfactions, advance new innovation ideas & encourages leading
in the organisation. Their are various different theories which needs to be followed in the
organisations which helps in managing the different types of the people in the team.. In this
report, selected organisation is John Lewis partnership, is a British company, which deals in
clothes, watches, house-ware items, audio and visual computing and financial services to
clients. The manager will focus on improving performance of its employees so organization
score and objectives can be achieved in effective ways. Further various theories and concepts
will be discuss in the context of John lewis in this report. The theories can be process expectancy
and Maslows theories which will provide proper guidance to perform activities in better ways
for the organisation. further their will be discusses on the effective and ineffective team and
comparison between the.
(Arvey, and Wang, 2016).
The organisational behaviour is a process of managing the people in the organisation so
that common wants and desire can be achieve in the target market. Employees are made to
understand the mission and vision of the organisation so that desire outcomes can be achieved in
the long run and take competitive advantages in the marketplace. At the workplace, organisation
culture, politics and power is interlinked in organisation and influence behaviour of its
employees. In the context of John Lewis, manager and leader make clear policies for its
employees to perform better in organisation(Bolino and Klotz, 2015).
Organisation culture: It is a scheme where feeling, beliefs and the assumptions are
shared with the people of the organisation which helps them to behave in particular manner.
Each and every organisation has a different culture which represent behaviour of employees.
culture of the system provide the path ways how employees behave in the working environment
and how their will react to changes in the workplace. Handy's model of organisation culture
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which shows that how behaviour of worker effective the organisation in achieving the pre-
determines standard of the organisation.
Power culture: In the organisation, their are few special individual who have privileges
at workplace as they have power and authorises to make important decision in organisation.
These individual further delegate roles and responsibilities to sub-ordinates to perform a given
tasks in the proper manner. Here employees have a less chance to express their point of view and
have to follow what their supervisors tells them to do. In the John lewis, the manger likes to
coordinates with the all the employees equal and less power in the single hand( Borkowski,
2016).
Task culture: it is followed by the organisation where team are defined to solve critical
trouble in the systematic manner. Under this culture, team is formed who have common goals
and objectives about the projects and contribute equally in task. Here teams are formed who have
specified knowledge and ability to complete the given task and the manager of John lewis use
this culture and have a affirmative impact on the action of overall organisation.
Person culture: Under this culture, individual are more concerned about themselves
rather then company, they think that they are more essential then their organisation. The
organisation who follows this society take back seat in achieving goals and objectives of the
company and suffer in long run. Here employees have self -interest rather than focus on the
organisation goals
Role culture: Under this, employees are provided with roles and duty according to their
specification and eduction qualification so that the best is extract from them. Employees are
more focus on the work as they know their part of given assigned to them. . Employees are
given power as per their responsibilities in the organisation( Gelfand, Aycan, Z. and Leung,
2017).
As per above discussion, John Lewis company can use task culture in their organisation
as it best suits its organisation structure. The reason been is that it aid in increasing level of
group action and coordination among employees. This culture provide positive environment for
employees and encourages them to perform better in the organisation.
Organisation power: It includes the to influence the performance of employees and
changes their behaviour in favour of organisation. This power provide a direction to its
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manager as well as its employees to execute all activities in the proper manner. Their are various
different power are discussed as follows:
Reward power: This power helps in increasing performance of the employees by
providing them reward in the form of Money and non- Money terms. Monetary rewards refers to
those which are to be supply in terms of money such as salary, bonus and etc. whereas the non-
monetary include rewards like holiday packages, social group interaction and so on, which helps
in increasing morale and motivates them to give their best outputs in the organisation.
Expert power: Under this power, the person who holds good quality skills and
knowledge give expert advice to its employees. In the orders words, it can be understand that
knowledge is powerful in the organisation, such person are highly valued by organisation for
their trouble resolution skills. The belief and thought of expert person in organisation are given
more important then other employees. The possession of this power can be stepping stone to
lawful power for example, if a person hold expert power then he can be promoted to senior
management which will provide them legitimate. \
As per the above discussion, it is recommended that reward power is more crucial for the
organisation as worker feel motivated to execute better in the organisation. Rewards make
employee to give their best in the team as well as helps them to increase their self-actualization
in the structure(Graham, Ziegert and Capitano, 2015).
Organisational politics: It is refers as a behaviour of employee in the organisation that
helps in having interaction in the team. It is important for company as the score and subjective
of the organisation is achieved though good politics in team. In each and every department,
politics play an important role in controlling the sub-ordinates and see that work is carried out in
the effective ways for betterment of the organisation.
The culture, politics and power of the organisation has a vast outcome on behaviour of
the single in organisation. They have a positive as well as negative impact on employees. As on
one hands, it makes employees more focus on the given tasks by giving them proper roles and
responsibilities in the organisation and also gives a reward for their best performance for the
given task. On the other hand, employees are demotivated if their performance is not
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appreciated in the organisation. The positive culture in the organisation helps in improving their
performance in the management team. And the negative impact of the culture is that there is a
rigid in its approaches in team and organisation., Similarly, politics can have negative impact on
the behaviour of employees if not uses properly in the organisation(Härtel and O’Connor,
2014).
The process theories of motivation is a procedure that move a individual person to act in
a particular way so that they can achieve the pre-determine goals and objective in the
organisation. This theory helps in motivating employees to perform better in the organisation by
shaping their attributes in organisation. In the long run, these theories help in examining how
people will change their behaviour from time to time in the organisation. These theories are
helpful in achieving goals of the organisation( Hauser, 2014).
The Expectancy theory: Under the theory, employees are provided with the reward for
better performance in organisation. The motivation is outcome of the conscious choices which
are made under organisation by maximize the pleasure and minimize pain in the organisation.
Under this theory, common goals is to have a common objectives in the organisation. The
positive performances should be rewarded with the price given to best employees in
organisation. After applying such theories, it helps in achieving goals and outcomes which are
expected to earn are made by following policies and objectives of the organization. In the context
of John lewis, manager make sure that they implement this theory in its management team so
that employees work at their full capabilities(Hogg and Terry, 2014).
The content theories of motivation: The content theories are sometimes named as a
needs theories of motivation which are used for making employees work better in the
organisation. Under such theories, employees needs and wants are fulfil on the basic level by the
manager and team leader. Under this theory manager make sure all the needs of the employees
are approved so that all the activates are to be -performed properly. To explain such needs
Maslow's theory is discussed as follows:
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory: as per this theory, employees motivative is a
result of a fulfilling their basic needs in organisation. Such needs can be Physiological, safety,
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self-actualization, social and esteem needs. Under this theory, these needs can give pressures to
employees which can determiner a person behaviour.
Physiological needs: Under needs, the base needs much like as air, solid food, liquid,
shelter and cloths & sleep. Here all employees are looking after fundamental needs which can be
satisfied while in the organisation( Kinicki and Fugate 2017).
Safety needs: Here employees are looking for sense of security in the organisation.
Personal ,financial safety are essential for employees. Here employees are looking for security
from health point of view in the organisation.
Social needs: Under this, employees should get feeing of love and belonging in
organisation. Such needs are important for employees to feel like they are part of the
organisation(Leana and Meuris, 2015).
Esteem needs:Here worker are made to realized that their esteem are fulfil in the
organisation. In other words, it can be stated that individual's self -respect is more important
rather then gaining it from other person in the organisation.
Self-actualizations: Under this condition, employees are able to make self-actualization
in the organisation. So that they can perform better in the long run and can increase their
performance in the organisation. Here individual is looking for the opportunities to become
better version of them in the organisation. Employers will be providing challenging work to such
employees and involved in decision-making(Ljungholm, 2014).
IN the context of John lewis, manager make sure that they fulfil the elemental needs of its
employees so that they can perform at their full capabilities and increase their productivity of
overall organisation.
According to above explanation about the different motivation theories and concepts, the
John lewis make best use of such theories to motivate its employees to give better output in the
organisation. Their can be positive as well as negative impact of such expectancy theory, positive
effect is that employees are given rewards for their good performance which further helps
organisation to achieve their goals. and negative one is that employees sometimes get
demotivated when their work is not appreciated in team which can lead to delay in the activities
of the management team. Further this can change their behaviour towards organisation which
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also effect productivity of the company. Another theory used is Maslow's, the positive impact of
Maslows theory is that employees can survive in the the competitive environment which will
increase the performance of the organisation in the long run.(Martinko, 2018).
A squad is unit of people in the organisation who works together to achieve goals and
objectives in long run. There can be two types of team in the company such as effective team
and ineffective team. Effective team encourages open communication, where members take part
and contributes to the group discussion and reach a decision by convincing team member with
logical argument. Under effective team, the situational leadership is used in management, as
different styles of leadership is chosen for different situation in organisation. The ineffective
team is a team who lack common objectives and have an atmosphere full of tension which lead
to conflict in organisation. Under ineffective team decision-making is tough which can delay in
performance of organisation. The Manager of John lewis, make sure that it has a effective team
in its management therefore, they make comparison between two team and make decision
according in the organisation( X., Chen and Bi, 2018).
Comparison between the Effective and ineffective team:
Basic Effective team Ineffective team
Interdependence It is utilised in affirmative way
as goals are achieved by the
group efforts.
It is not so constructive goals
are not achieved by team.
Goals Here goals are clearly stated
and are modified according to
match of individual goals and
group goals.
Goals are imposed on
members of the team which
can lead to outperform other
person objectives.
Communication In the effective team,
communication is two -way in
the organisation as they have a
open and accurate transfer of
information.
Here communication is one -
way. Manager share ideas to
team to do given activities.
Here feelings of team
members are suppressed and
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ignored.
Participation and leadership Here leadership is distributed
among all the member of team
and all participate in activities
so that goals can be achieved.
Here leadership is based on
authority given to manager.
Participation is unequal of
employees in given activities.
Decision-making Here decision-making
procedures are match with the
situation so that proper
decision is made by using
different method
Decision are always made by
the highest authority in
management. Their is very
little group involvement in
decision.
As per above discussion, the manager of John lewis, make its human resource in
the effective team so that all tasks are performed in proper manner. Leader make sure all
employees are provided good training in their fields as well as in another additional work so
that employees can become all -grounded in performing different task in the organisation.
(Punnett, 2015).
Tuck-man's model is a fine and helpful in thought process of effective team development
and behaviours of its associate in team. This model explain that as team develop maturity and
ability with time, establish relationship, leader changes leadership style in organisation. It
begins with guiding style, moving through different coaching and training,then participation into
different activities and Finnish given tasks to end the activities. Tuckman's model helps in
completing given task in effective ways and in given time-frame for particular tasks. Their are
five stages in the given tasks such as forming,storming, norming, performing, adjourning phase
in organisation. The management team of John lewis, complete their task by following different
stages which are discussed as follow so that they can formed a effective team in management:
(Secchi and Neumann 2016).
Forming stages: Here employees are highly dependent on the manger and leader for
guidance and direction which can be beneficial for staring the particular task in organisation.
The roles ans responsibility are unclear to all member of the organisation. Under this stages,
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manager and a leader are one who has to give answer to lot of questions such as the team
purpose, objective and external relationship among the employees and manager.
Storming stages: Under this stages, decisions are not that easy to make among the
employees or the member of team. Here various policies are formed in the team so that they task
can be performed in the organisation. They are different of opinion among team member which
further delay in performance of the task. The manager and the member of the team have a
different point of view on the given tasks or the projects given to them. Under this stages,
employees work in all sort of directing which lead to confusion in tasks and delay in the
performance of the organisation(Song and Seomun, 2014)
Norming stages: Under this stages, the roles and responsibilities are made clear to
member of team so that they can start their part of work in the organisation. Here big and
important decision are made by manager and the leader which are to be followed by the member
of the team. All the employees of the organisation know their part of work to be done in given
task and on the projects in the team.
Performing stages: Under this stage, all member of the organisation perform their
duties which are assigned to them by the manager. Here vision of the organisation are shared
with all member of the organisation and team is working to achieve such visions in innovate
ways so that task can be completed on time by all the members. At this stages, employees are at
the high rate of performance in team and focus on the team work(Spector and Meier,2014).
Adjourning stage: Under this stages, given task is completed in the most effective ways
and group can be dissolve after completion of particular task. When task is successfully
completed employee can move on to new projects and get free from their liabilities. All the
member can take other project and dissolve this project.
The organisation behaviour is a managing human resource in management team so that
wants and desire can be achieved in effective team. It is related to the individual goals and group
of people working together for the betterment of organisation. The manager of John lewis
maintain proper balance with employees in the organisation so that pre-determine objective can
achieved. The manager of John lewis, make use of Path -goal theory to handle employees in
proper manner and this model is discussed as below(Thau, Pitesa and Pillutla,2014):
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The path goal model is founded on style of leader and employees behaviour in order to achieve a
goal and objective on time. This theory is based on the specify leader style and behaviour that
best fit the employees and work environment in order to achieve goals and objective of
organisation. It is a role of a leader to provide important information about project are to be
given to all member of the team. The goal is to increase employees motivation,job satisfaction
so that they become more productive at task levels. This theory have four styles such as
achievement-oriented, directive,participative and supportive leader(Turner, 2014).
The directive path: Under this path,manager and leader make sure that all worker are
aware about the roles and responsibilities assigned to them and tells them how to execute their
task in the organisation. This part has a positive effect as employees are aware about roles and
task given to them.
The achievement -oriented leader behaviours: Here manager sets challenges goals for
the worker and expected them to perform at their highest levels. Employees shows their
assurance in their quality by performing given task on time( In Tian and Peterson, 2016).
The participative leader behaviour: Under this part, leader make sure that all
employees have participate at discussion and give appropriates suggestion to team. Here
employees are expected to highly personally involved in their work.
The supportive leader behaviours: Under this path, manager are oriented to satisfaction
of employees needs and preferences. Here leader tries to maintain well-being of employees and
support them to increase their performance in given task and meets meets of the organisation in
long run.
The organisation and employees of companies has to performance in certain way so that
predetermine goals and objective of organisation can be obtained in effective ways. Their are
Tuck-man theories present in the organisation helps in completing given task in the most
appropriate ways. According to such theories, employees are guided with proper process so that
given task can be performed in the best suitable ways and take other project which are align in
the organisation. Other theory which can influence the behaviour of the employees can be
explained thought path-goals theory. Under this theory there are different path which needs to be
followed in the organisation to get best outcomes from the employees and make sure that manger
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and leader have to also perform their activities efficiently in organisation to achieve the desire
goal and objectives in organisation. These theories have a negative impact on the outcomes for
the organisation as this can create difference between employees and the leader as they holds
different ideas and thought process while working in the organisation. Negative impact can be
that manpower are not working at their full potential as they are diverted by different approaches
of the manager and leader in management team. ( Stewart. and Garson,2017)
Conclusion:
According to the discussion in this report, it is complete that organisation behaviour plays
an essential role in managing the manpower in organisation which will lead to achievement of
pre-determine goals and objective. Further there was discussion how John lewis organisation
culture, power and politics influences the behaviour of employees at workplace. The manager of
John company make efforts to make a group of effective people in management team so that
activities are carried out in the best possible ways. They uses Expectancy and Maslows theories
in their organisation that provides a procedures which will helps in achieving the objectives in
long run. The management uses tuck-man's stages to complete the given task in most effective
ways and path-goals concepts to perform in the best possible ways to achieve goals.
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