Case Study: John's Lower Back Pain and Metastatic Cancer

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ASSESSMENT 2 - CASE STUDY
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Contents
Assessment 2...................................................................................................................3
Question 1.................................................................................................................... 3
Question 2.................................................................................................................... 4
References.......................................................................................................................5
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Assessment 2
Question 1
Pathophysiology of lower back pain of John
The lower back pain of John can be a cause of lifting or working out too much. It could
happen to him by lifting any heavy thing or weight. The GP told him about the pain
which is increasing in the lumbar spine of John. John found a pain at the center of his
back and this is a part of a body which not supports the weight of the upper body. The
back pain can be recognized while feeling an attack pain. This pain can be increased by
walking, doing work out and lifting the heavy things. At this situation, people do not try to
use the home-related treatments and solutions for reducing the back pain. It can
increase it can make a disaster situation for the patients. In the MRI of John, doctors
have found a kind of metastatic cancer and they have provided him advice to take the
immediate treatments. It is the common cells of metastasizing that an increase in the
lungs and levers. So, it is necessary to take the required treatments of them ( Wang,et.
al., 2016).
Effectiveness of NSAIDs for pain management
NSAID offers the stronger analgesic effects and it is associated with severe difficulties
and can impact the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and renal system of John. NSAID is
related to the other therapeutic managers within the treatment of four types of pains. It
can become able to summarize the guidelines of clinical treatment in the four types of
pains. There is a different kind of pain and within the NSAID the level of risk can be
identified (Poleszczuk, et. al., 2016)
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Question 2
John is facing a critical situation as there is a metastatic lesion founded in his MRI
report. As per the MRI report of John, he is facing the metastatic lesions the doctors are
advising him to take the treatments as soon as possible. The doctors can give John
some systematic treatment because it can affect the overall body of John. In this
category, the doctors can give him chemotherapy, hormone therapy or the other
medicines that can be taken by him and injected by injection into his body (Baber, et.
al., 2016). By using the chemotherapy session the doctors can inject medicines directly
in the blood of John and it can help him to decrease the tumor. It can become helpful for
John as it can reduce the pain and John can feel better from before. The hormone
therapy can reduce the actions of cancer cells and can stop them at a stable level. The
targeted theory also can be used by doctors to provide the direct impact on the specific
area or part of the body. It can destroy the cancer cells of a particular area. These drugs
work directly from the standard chemo drugs (Hammel, et. al., 2016).
Besides this, the doctors can apply some immunotherapy on John’s body. The therapy
can increase the immunity system of his body for killing the cells of cancer from his
body. As per the report of MRI, the doctors should try to provide John Chemo sessions
because it can reduce the pain and can provide him some relaxation. The cancer cells
of John can be decrease by the chemo session and the growth of those cells could be
stopped by using the Chemo sessions (Langer, et. al., 2016).
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References
Baber, R. J., Panay, N., & Fenton, A. (2016). 2016 IMS Recommendations on women’s
midlife health and menopause hormone therapy. Climacteric, 19(2), 109-150.
Hammel, P., Huguet, F., van Laethem, J. L., Goldstein, D., Glimelius, B., Artru, P., ... &
Mineur, L. (2016). Effect of chemoradiotherapy vs chemotherapy on survival in patients
with locally advanced pancreatic cancer controlled after 4 months of gemcitabine with or
without erlotinib: the LAP07 randomized clinical trial. Jama, 315(17), 1844-1853.
Langer, C. J., Gadgeel, S. M., Borghaei, H., Papadimitrakopoulou, V. A., Patnaik, A.,
Powell, S. F., ... & Panwalkar, A. (2016). Carboplatin and pemetrexed with or without
pembrolizumab for advanced, non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized,
phase 2 cohort of the open-label KEYNOTE-021 study. The lancet oncology, 17(11),
1497-1508.
Poleszczuk, J. T., Luddy, K. A., Prokopiou, S., Robertson-Tessi, M., Moros, E. G.,
Fishman, M., ... & Enderling, H. (2016). Abscopal benefits of localized radiotherapy
depend on activated T-cell trafficking and distribution between metastatic
lesions. Cancer Research, 76(5), 1009-1018.
Wang, P., Bahreini, A., Gyanchandani, R., Lucas, P. C., Hartmaier, R. J., Watters, R. J.,
... & Kurland, B. F. (2016). Sensitive detection of mono-and polyclonal ESR1 mutations
in primary tumors, metastatic lesions, and cell-free DNA of breast cancer
patients. Clinical cancer research, 22(5), 1130-1137.
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