Analyzing Society: An Introduction to Key Sociological Perspectives

This essay provides an introduction to sociology, exploring key concepts such as social interaction, norms, culture, and diversity. It discusses primary and secondary socialization, along with sociological perspectives like functionalism, interactionism, and Marxism. The essay also addresses the importance of sociological imagination in understanding contemporary social issues such as poverty, crime, health, and education, highlighting their impact on individuals and communities. It emphasizes how sociological perspectives can enhance understanding of societal functions and improve the quality of life. Desklib provides this and other solved assignments for students.

INTRODUCTION TO
SOCIOLOGY

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
The basic definition of sociology is to understand human behavior which is shaped by the
group of people or the community which belongs to the society and by the social interaction that
takes place within social groups and communities (Armstrong and et. al., 2021). As per this, the
sociological perspectives are usually invited to know and look at the behavior and aspect of
familiar surroundings freshly. This also helps to encourage to find some new look of the world
which is taken for granted to examine the social environment with the same curiosity that helpful
to bring an exotic culture. As per this, the study of sociology helps to deal with the various areas
of society which conclude the factor of ignorance and misunderstanding. In this, sociology helps
to understand the social group and their norms, values, and various essential component which is
reliable for the sociological experience. In this, the discussion is based on various aspects which
include rules, culture, diversity, primary and secondary socialization. Whereas, it is also
discussed some sociological perspectives which include functionalism, interactionism, and
various theoretical perspective which have a different nature. In this, the sociological
imagination and some basic understanding of the issues of society which is provide evidence-
based data to understand the concept of sociology (Ecklund and et. al., 2021).
MAIN BODY
The field of sociology is referred to as a professional application of scientific and human
approaches to creating a better understanding for the society and the behavior of humans which
change conditions. It is also defined as a science that is associated with the profession which has
a major objective to understand the social and human conditions based on values, norms, morals,
and ethics. As per this, the field of sociology is a vast topic that covers various identification
from the previous scenarios which include the formulation of ethics that positively regulate
society. The development of norms and values provides an approach for human behavior to
develop resilience and wellbeing in society (Ekardt and et. al., 2020). The community and social
group are major aspects that play a vital role in the origin of values, norms, ethics, which provide
a fundamental asset to the society for developing wellness. In this, the sociological imagination
is also used to motivate the reader or the viewer to think about the relationship which is
associated between themselves and the society that provides a living factor for the number of
people. The unit of analysis in society provides a range from a person to a large group of

population. The analysis is usually based on the whole society with their aspect of norms, values,
morals, and ethics. These all act as an element to live in a society and create well-being among
themselves. This relationship provides a base that matters the value and ethics which may be
personal and professional which create resilience and wellness (Grima and et. al., 2017).
In this, society is developed a core aspect of multiculturalism which specify that there is a
different group of peoples is living together with their culture and values to form of socialization
aspect. The objectivity of such groups and cultures has primary and secondary freedom. With
context to the freedom, it helps to provide rights to maintain their status, culture, ethics, and the
role which make them a significant role for their religion, caste, and so on. This is also a helpful
behaviour for humans to live with secularism and support each other. The concept of sociology is
reviewed by various sociologists which configure that society is helpful to balance the
inequalities and such factors which contribute to an ethical dilemma. So, social groups and
communities have relevance because of their enormous values objectivity which supports people
for their living and formulating of wellness (Islam and et. al., 2021).
These elements usually contribute to behavior in human approaches for the
communication and interaction within the people in a positive way. This approach of sociology
provides ethical factors within the society in the development of relationships which comes at a
point that provides support and care when any difficulty occurs within an individual.
The functionalist perspective which is also called functionalism indicates that every
aspect of society is dependent on each other and contributed to society functioning as a whole.
Moreover, the authority body includes government or state conduct education is for the children
of the family which is helpful for the future for paying taxes on which the state depends. To keep
this running, the family is dependent upon the education aspect which includes schools and
universities that help children to take the education and get some good job, so, that the children
support their families. In the context of the functionalist perspective, the children become law-
abiding tax-paying citizens, who indirectly support the states or the government with their
contribution. This is a part of society that produces order productivity and saturation among the
children. As per this, it is a basic scenario which is shown by this functionalist perspective that
the society and community are used to follow the norms and ethics in such a way that help to
support the people, government, state, and many more. However, the functionalist also believes
that the society is held together by social norms and cohesion in which members of the societies

are used to agreeing and working together to achieve what is best for the society (Lakmali and et.
al., 2021).
In the context of sociology, Marxism is a social-political, and economic philosophy that
states and analyzes the effect of capitalism on labor productivity and economic development,
which discussed and make argumentation for the worker revolution to overturn capitalism in
favor of society and community. This is also called a method related to the socioeconomic
analysis that uses interpretations of historical class relation and conflict which provide a
diabolical perspective to view the social transformation which offers to provide support for the
society and for the body called itself authorities.
In sociology, Interactionism is the hypothetical and theoretical perspective that creates
understanding for the social process which includes conflict, corporation, identity, formulation,
and many more. This is an emerging nature from human interaction. As per the study of this
perspective, it's also analyzed that the individual activities within the society and used to believe
that they are producing some aspect which includes ethics, norms, and behavior through the
interactions with the individual. In this, gender stratification exists because several people are
acting with each other based on the meaning that they have for another (Lestari and et. al., 2019).
The sociological imagination is defined as the ability to connect personal challenges to a
higher range of social problems or issues. However, the common definition is not enough to
elaborate on the sociological imagination because it is usually stated the challenges for the social
issues which is observed under the social group and communities. In this, the sociological
imagination is defined as an ability that helps to see the shapes of individuals, decision making
as well as the decision made by others. Moreover, several social issues are associated with
society and community. Some of the areas include poverty, crime, punishment, health, and
education. Poverty is the major contemporary social issue within society because it interrupts the
individual from the various resources and such individuals face the issues of inequalities within
health and education due to poverty.
Crimes are usually occurring from the individual to fulfil the needs and requirements.
Moreover, poverty also encourages a lack of education and health inequalities. So, the
contemporary issues in the society with the aspect of sociology imagination are lack of income,
poor access to health, and lack of education. This all is termed as a factor that influences the
society and communities towards the development of well-being. These are basic issues but they

create various conflicts in society because the individual loses their recognition and identification
due to lack of income. The social status and norms are usually affected through these
contemporary issues which are usually observed and the various social group and communities
(Rosenblatt and et. al., 2019).
CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion, it is analyzed that the sociological perspective provides various
ranges of understanding towards the issues which may create hindrance to develop the quality of
life and wellbeing. There is a various sociological perspective that provides relevance towards
the function of society and communities which configure to develop well-being. With the aspects
of functionalist, communication, interaction, and many more. Moreover, the contemporary issues
are usually associated with the society with a core context that creates hindrance in the
formulation of well-being for the individual which includes lack of income, poor access to
health, and lack of education.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Armstrong and et. al., 2021. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment: a sociological perspective on
tackling a contemporary healthcare issue. Sociology of Health & Illness, 43(1), pp.58-
64.
Ecklund and et. al., 2021. Science and Religion in (Global) Public Life: A Sociological
Perspective. Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 89(2), pp.672-700.
Ekardt and et. al., 2020. Transformation to sustainability: an innovative perspective on societal
change–with and against sociological, psychological, biological, economic and
ethnologic findings. In Sustainability (pp. 61-109). Springer, Cham.
Grima and et. al., 2017. Investigating factors predicting derivative mishandling: a sociological
perspective.
Islam and et. al., 2021. Sociological Perspectives on Climate Change and Society: A
Review. Climate, 9(1), p.7.
Lakmali and et. al., 2021. Quarantine and Social Isolation During the COVID-19: Sociological
Perspective.
Lestari and et. al., 2019. Human Greed In Paulo Coelho’s The Winner Stands Alone Novel
(2008): A Sociological Perspective (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta).
Rosenblatt and et. al., 2019. Family resilience in dealing with grief and loss: A sociological
perspective. In Promoting Resilience (pp. 108-113). Routledge.