NSB303: Chronic Kidney Disease, Risk and Health Promotion Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of chronic kidney disease (CKD), addressing its nature as a condition where kidney function gradually declines over time, leading to fluid buildup in the body. It explores various health promotion strategies, including community engagement, collaborations with organizations, awareness campaigns in rural areas, educational interventions, and the use of public health messaging. The report delves into the risk and protective factors associated with CKD, such as genetics, obesity, smoking, age, diabetes, and hypertension, as well as lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and medication adherence. It also highlights initiatives by the Australian government, including digital health resources like mobile applications and the My Health Record platform, and clinical information systems to improve patient care and outcomes. The references provided offer further details and evidence-based support for the information presented.

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISORDER
An overview of strategies for promoting health and wellness in people
with the condition
Health promotion plays an important crucial part when comes to the
spreading awareness considering the social well-being of the people
worldwide. There are many strategies for health promotion:
• Bringing together the people and communities under an umbrella of
health promotion.
• Health promotion collaboration with different Non-Governmental
Organisations and other social organisations who are in support with the
cause [5]
• Going in Rural places of Australia and making people aware of national
frameworks and national schemes provided by the government to avail
the people who are in poverty, or unable to access the health care
opportunities.
• For early interventions could be developed by spreading health
awareness by introducing education an interaction about chronic kidney
disorders [6]
• Banners and boards could be installed in the streets about the ways to
prevent kidney disorder and promoting health equity. It also has to be
culturally sound [7].
• Interdisciplinary collaboration of aboriginal health care workers, nurses,
general physicians, and social workers to spread awareness in people.
An overview of Chronic Kidney
Disorder
It is a type of disease or disorder that gives rise to the
condition in which the kidney has been impaired and
stops functioning properly over a long period of time
gradually. There is an excess buildup of fluid in the
body as the kidney is not able to remove the excess
fluids [1].
An overview of associated risk and protective factors
for this condition
This initiative is taken in order to promote better awareness
and connectivity about the chronic kidney disorder in
Australians [8]. This initiative has been backed by the
Australian government in order to assist patients better and
faster. There are digital software used for the primary health
care, with allied health care services. The mobile applications
have been developed which is used to especially target people
who have increasing risks of chronic kidney disorders. It has
been proven and evidenced to improve the health outcomes
for many people, and in future there can be more
development of these apps [9]. My health record is a digitalise
plat form for enabling people to access their data and help in
keeping record of the medical history which is secure as well
as safe [10]. Clinical information System or CIS is another
digital health resource that would assist the physicians over
handling patient and patient records [13].
Risk and protective factors for this condition
The chronic kidney disorder, 1.4 million people are already are
treating with disorders related kidney disorder [2]. There are
specific marker of kidney disease that could lead to
understanding of kidney dysfunction, for example high
albumin content in the urine or presence of blood in urine.
Obesity has been linked with renal toxicity that is deposition
of lipid in the kidney causes accumulation of toxic metabolites
[3]. In Australia there are 1 in 10 adults who have chronic
kidney disorder, which is approximately 1.7 million people and
among the Australians the Indigenous Australians, are at
greater risk of chronic kidney disease [4]. Certain risk factors
which are associated with the chronic kidney disease like:
• Genetics
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Old age (Over 60 years of age)
• Diabetes
• Hypertension
The protective factors for kidney disorders are:
• Losing weight
• Advisable to quit smoking
• Lower salt in take
• Keeping the blood pressure under control
• In take fruits and vegetables.
• Lifestyle changes
References
1. Park CW. Diabetic kidney disease: from epidemiology to clinical perspectives. Diabetes & metabolism
journal. 2014 Aug 1;38(4):252-60.
2. Kazancioğlu R. Risk factors for chronic kidney disease: an update. Kidney international supplements.
2013 Dec 1;3(4):368-71.
3. Hall ME, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Juncos LA, Wang Z, Hall JE. Obesity, hypertension, and chronic kidney
disease. International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease. 2014;7:75.
4. Sorlie PD, Allison MA, Avilés-Santa ML, Cai J, Daviglus ML, Howard AG, Kaplan R, LaVange LM, Raij L,
Schneiderman N, Wassertheil-Smoller S. Prevalence of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control
in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. American journal of hypertension. 2014 Mar
12;27(6):793-800.
5. Baba M, Foley L, Davis WA, Davis TM. Self awareness of foot health status in patients with Type 2‐
diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II. Diabetic Medicine. 2014 Nov;31(11):1439-45.
6. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Chronic kidney disease Overview - Australian Institute of
Health and Welfare. 2019. [online] Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports-data/health-
conditions-disability-deaths/chronic-kidney-disease/overview [Accessed 15 Apr. 2019].
7. Holland K. Cultural awareness in nursing and health care: an introductory text. Routledge; 2017 Aug 1.
8. Australian Government. Australian Digital Health Agency. 2019. Available at:
https://www.digitalhealth.gov.au/ [Accessed 15 Apr. 2019].
9. Lewis RA, Lunney M, Chong C, Tonelli M. Identifying Mobile Applications Aimed at Self-Management in
People With Chronic Kidney Disease. Canadian journal of kidney health and disease. 2019
Mar;6:2054358119834283.
10.Australian Government. My Health Record. 2019. Available at: https://www.myhealthrecord.gov.au/
11.Razmaria AA. Chronic kidney disease. Jama. 2016 May 24;315(20):2248-.
12.Australian Government. Australian Digital Health Agency. 2019. Resources. Available at:
https://www.digitalhealth.gov.au/get-started-with-digital-health/digital-health-evidence-review/resources
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