Kidney 2 Kidney Report: Causes of Kidney Failure and Dialysis Process

This report delves into the critical topic of kidney failure, exploring its causes, the process of renal dialysis, and the role of artificial kidney machines. It identifies diabetes and high blood pressure as primary contributors to kidney failure, alongside other conditions like autoimmune diseases and genetic factors. The report details the process of dialysis, including the use of hemodialyzers to filter blood, the creation of vascular access points, and the different types of access, such as arteriovenous fistulas, AV grafts, and vascular access catheters. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these processes for effective treatment and management of end-stage renal disease. The report concludes with a bibliography of the cited sources. This report is a valuable resource for students seeking to understand kidney failure and its treatments.

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Kidney 2
PART B ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY MACHINES
Causes of kidney failure
Kidney failure is a very critical condition that is also well known as end stage renal
disease. It is usually the last stage of chronic kidney disease. When an individual has his kidneys
fail it means they have stopped functioning well enough for them to survive without kidney
transplant or dialysis (Swazey, 2015). In most of the cases, the condition is caused by other
health problems that continuously cause damage to the kidney until it reaches a point when they
permanently damage the kidney. When the kidneys get damaged they have a very low
probability of working well as they should. If the damage progressively becomes worse and the
kidneys get weak to perform the job, an individual develops chronic kidney disease. This
condition is one of the most severe stage of the chronic kidney disease. For this reason, kidney
failure is regarded to as the end stage renal diseases (Swazey, 2015).
One of the most common cause for the condition is diabetes, the second cause is high
blood pressure. The other causes include autoimmune diseases such as lupus and IsA
nephropathy, we also have genetic disease- the disease that one gets born with for example
polycystic kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome and urinary tract problems. Some other time, the
kidneys may express the form failing that occurs suddenly (within the two days). This form of
kidney failure is referred to as the acute kidney injury or acute renal failure. The common causes
include renal use of illegal drugs and genera drug abuse, heart attack, not enough blood flowing
to the kidneys and urinary tract problems.
Process of renal dialysis when using artificial kidney

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Renal dialysis is the most common type of dialysis. The patient using the artificial kidney
are made to undergo a certain process with the aid of an artificial kidney which is also called the
hemodialyzer to eliminate waste and the extra fluid from the blood (Kelly et al., 2015). The
blood undergoes filtration through the artificial kidney after it has been removed from the body.
The blood that has been filtered is then returned in the body by the aid of the dialysis machine.
To enable the blood to flow through the artificial kidney the doctor performs a surgery to create a
way that gives access to vessels into the patient’s blood. The three different forms of entrance
types include arteriovenous fistula (connects a vein and an artery, most preferred option), AV
graft (looped tube) and lastly, we have vascular access catheter (might be inserted into the neck’s
large vein) (Swazey, 2015).

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Bibliography
Kelly, T., Childers, R.W., Busby, D., Roger, R., El Sayyid, W.M. and Din, S., Baxter Healthcare
SA and Baxter International Inc, 2015. Dialysis system with enhanced features.
U.S. Patent 9,039,648.
Swazey, J.P., 2017. The courage to fail: A social view of organ transplants and dialysis.
Routledge.