Knowledge Management, ICT, HRM Practices at British Airways

This report examines knowledge management practices at British Airways, focusing on the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in enhancing managerial efficiency and productivity. It differentiates between explicit, implicit, and tacit knowledge, highlighting ICT's role in securing data and improving communication. The study explores how managers transform data using new technologies, comparing data, information, and knowledge creation procedures. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices in knowledge management, such as providing security and hiring talented individuals. The report also touches on the significance of centralized HR knowledge management in reducing employee stress and improving access to information, ultimately boosting organizational productivity. The report concludes by underscoring the need for effective training on software and information access to maximize efficiency within British Airways.

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Managing knowledge

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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
1 Determine distinctive types of knowledge and role of ICT through discussing managers
efficiency and comparison among different elements.................................................................3
2. Importance of the HRM practices:..........................................................................................7
category of culture.....................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

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INTRODUCTION
Managing knowledge is refers to as skills that helps in developing and facilitate knowledge into
corrective measure through this achieves desired goals and objectives (Yoo, 2021). The report
is based on British Airways, that is located in UK and provide services to consumer by reaching
to them on their desired location through airline. In this determine distinctive types of skills and
role of ICT in day to day life of organization. The study is taken place by discussing manager
efficiency and productive knowledge with use of new technologies by comparison of data,
information, and skills. Further, significance of HRM practices and their contribution is
determined within company. Also, category of culture is defined by Cameron and Quinn and
determining nature of organization culture in management.
MAIN BODY
1 Determine distinctive types of knowledge and role of ICT through discussing managers
efficiency and comparison among different elements
In order to this, there are distinctive types of knowledge that comes under organization for
performing their work effectively and helps in achieving desired goals of company. The
knowledge helps business to conduct sustainability growth of business and raise their
productivity in effective manner (Ellis and Roever, 2021). Through knowledge create innovative
services and increase organization performance by emphasizing skills in respective manner.
These are;
Explicit knowledge- In respond to organization, this helps for performing function of business in
easy manner and simpler for functioning of organization function in effective manner. Through
this shares knowledge and work organization function in respective manner. By this organization
performs functions in easy manner by this works done in productive manner.
Implicit knowledge- In regard to organization, helps in transferring knowledge from one to
another by this sharing enhance knowledge and helps in deriving positive influence on
organization (Baláž and et.al, 2021). By this organization works in productive manner and derive

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their services in innovative manner. It transforms knowledge in productive manner that
develo9ps organization productivity and efficiency.
Tacit knowledge- In terms of organization, this emphasizes that skills are enhanced by personal
experience through deriving this type of knowledge in organization. It helps in increasing
knowledge of business and boost their performance by implicating it into corrective measure.
Role of ICT
The role of information and communication technology plays key role in performing functions of
organization in respective manner. This helps in gaining organization productivity and efficiency
in desired manner through this organization performs their work in systematic manner. By
performing role in functions of management boost performance and raise their efficiency in
desired manner. As ICT makes organization more productive, efficient and respond to consumer
requirements. In this consist of design, manufacturing and other factors that play core role in
performing functions (Bhatti and et.al, 2021). It helps in securing time and cost of organization
through emphasizing information and communication as this helps in making communication
and raising productivity of business in effective manner. Through this secures data, stored and
many other functions doing in perspective manner by this organization data is safe and secure.
By this organization attains more and more consumer towards organization that helps in
enhancing goals of business through performing role of ICT in productive manner. This helps in
performing organization function by playing effective role in business that boost productivity of
organization. Through this organization achieves their aims and objectives in desired manner. It
expands technology by adapting technology into consideration of business as they provide airline
service, as they emphasize technology by this work in effective manner by facilitating growth of
airline services. In order to this, boost organization productivity and efficiency in respective
manner that determines smooth functioning of organization (Paulson, 2021). The information
and communication helps business to perform their function and raise their productivity in
desired manner. Through functioning of organization work in smooth manner facilitates growth
of business by reaching to their desires. It helps organization to perform their work by attracting
passenger and secures data of peoples in productive manner by using ICT in functions of
management. This helps in increasing organization efficiency and productiveness by conducting

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smooth functioning of business in respective manner. It helps business to determining
technologies that conduct development of business and raise their productivity in effective
manner. As their role is to perform work and boost performance of business by working in
effective manner that facilitate growth of organization.
Determine how manager productively transform data and information by using new
technology-
By using new technologies, managers efficiency increases and conduct their data in transforming
manner that boost organization productivity and operation function. As this deriving success of
business by emphasizing new technology into consideration for organization that raises their
effectiveness. By using technology increase managers efficiency and capabilities as their work
get simpler, and they work in productive manner. Through facilitating growth for business. It
helps in transforming data of passenger and other things through securing by using new
technology. This helps in raising organization productivity and conducts smooth functioning of
organization in respective manner. Managers work in effective manner by using technology that
helps in raising organization efficiency and boost their performance in desired manner. The
employees get support by facilitating technologies through determining data of business by
supporting their activities. It helps in increasing organization productivity and efficiency in
respective manner. As the managers' role is to consider technology and adapting in organization
for boost their productivity in effective manner that helps in increasing organization performance
and earns profitability of business (Mariani, Bresciani and Dagnino, 2021). To boost productivity
managers performs their functions in productive manner by emphasizing new technologies that
raise their efficiency. It helps business to perform function and conducts sustainable growth of
business through considering new technology that boost productivity. Through attracting
passengers and peoples towards their business that occurs development and growth of business
by using technologies. IT technology helps in raising organization function through taken into
consideration that helps in increasing organization productivity. The technology helps people and
managers to perform their work in easier manner by adapting technology that develop their
productivity and raise operation function of organization in respective manner. By implementing
technology organization work their functions and gains reputation, for purpose of this manager

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emphasizing technology to raise their productivity. The managers convert data by using
information of new technology such as innovating their services and emphasize schemes by
which more customers attracted towards organization. Managers work in effective manner
through facilitating growth of business in desired manner by working their functions of
transforming data into technology. As manager work to manage work and observe that each and
every employee is working in effective manner or not, for determining by using technological
factor their work get much easier, and they maintain their responsibility in perspective manner.
By doing work and perform functions of organization in productive manner. The business aim is
to reach to their goals and targets by following their work and perform each function in
effectively. Through this organization achieves their desired targets and goals effectively by
performing their work such as maintaining, recording data, secured etc. in respective manner. By
this organization achieves their targets and aims for raising performance is done by using new
technology in function of management.
Differentiate among data, information, and knowledge creation procedure:
The comparison is taken place among this factors by defining the factor and emphasizing
their function, role etc. in performing function of organization. It helps business to perform
functions and increase organization functions. This is differentiated as data is defined as per
organization, is a bunch of distinctive symbols and helps in securing data and generate it for
processing information that helps business to perform functions. As it provides factual
information and helps business to perform functions in effective manner. The data helps business
to perform functions and work in systematic manner that secures data and information in
respective manner (Wessel and et.al, 2021). Whereas, information gathered in organization to
collect for performing functions and preserve information that helps organization to perform
their work in productive manner. It helps business as this maintained understanding and enhance
organization productivity and efficiency in desired manner. This helps business to perform
function as they have clear and accurate information through this their work get easier. By this
they work in productive manner and raise organization productivity in respective manner. This
derives information through this organization collect performs their function in effective way.
The information helps business to perform functions and increase productivity through gathering

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information that raise productivity. On the other hand, knowledge emphasize in organization to
boost performance by facilitate skills that derive innovative services to customer. Through
knowledge helps business to perform their work and boost organization profitability in desired
manner. As this helps in enhancing skills and knowledge by consideration through make decision
in productive manner. It helps business (YANG and et.al, 2021). The knowledge helps business
to grow and determines development of business by approaching skills in effective manner. This
is defined as thinking level and education, other aspects that help in increasing organization
productivity and boost efficiency of business by emphasizing knowledge. The all terms are
differentiated with each other as they are distinctive.
2. Importance of the HRM practices:
HRM practices involves the recruitment of the fresh talent for the organisation, their work also
involves the training programs for the fresh candidates. Human resource management team
provide the skills development program to the candidates so that they can develop better
understanding about their work place. it will help the new staff to know the work culture of the
organisation so that they work accordingly (Oubrich and et.al 2021).
The relevant HRM practices are:
Provide the security for the fresh candidate
It is the major responsibility of the HR team to provide the security to the new employee at work
place, as to provide them a better environment in which they feel secure, it also helps them to
carry out their work in a effective manner.
Hiring of the talented people:
It is the main practice of the HRM as Human resource team analyse the work place and identify
the vacancy, then they can proceed to design the job role document for uploading it on the
website. it attracts the candidate towards their job role. HR team proceed with the interview
process of the candidates in which they ask certain question to know the knowledge and skills of
the person. On this basis HRM select the candidate on on-board activities and provide them a
training to understand the work.

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HRM practice has the major contribution towards the knowledge management as it is
defining as the centralised practices which involves the all HR documents and information which
is to make it available for all employees for their easy access so that they can update the
information from anywhere (Einarsen and et.al 2019). the key importance of this as it reduces the
stress and frustration from the employee. As for the British airways they can proceed to
implement this practice as it enables their employees to access the information without wasting
time to get the approval from the HR assistance. it is claimed that the employees are wasting
most of their times to know about any information which can also affect their work productivity.
but with helps of HR knowledge management employee can easily get the information which
saves their time so that they can focus on their work only. Also it is important for the Human
resource team of the British Airway to provide the proper training to their new employee about
to operate with the software in which they provide the information, also make them understood
as how to access the information so it will save their time also reduce the tension. It will enable
them to carry out their work effectively and move forward to achieve the desired goals of the
organisation.
As for the British Airways they can proceed to take key effective initiatives to enhance
the knowledge sharing in their organisation which are as follows:
Motivate and foster the good mind-set:
Motivation always brings a great energy in the person to deal with any situation, it is the prime
responsibility of the leader to encourage their team so that it will reflect better productivity in
their work. As for the British Airway their company’s leader need to provide the intrinsic
motivation as to reduce the work load by enabling them to enjoy their work. it makes them to not
feel burden so that they can move proceed to achieve the goals of the company (Bibi,
Ahmad and Majid, 2018).
Decrease the communication barrier between the employees:
It is the major aspect which improve the work place environment, as for the knowledge sharing it
is important to interact with each other. Therefore, for the Leader of the British Airways need to
provide the environment in which every employee work in a team to carry out their task easily,

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for the communication process they can proceed to conduct the activities so that employee
interact with each other and shares their knowledge to carry out the particular task.
Conduct the regular meeting for the employees:
It is the effective process which allows the employees to interact with each other and to discuss
the particular topic so that they can share the knowledge to carry out the work. For the British
Airways company, they can proceed to encourage their employee to work in a collaboration or as
a team. it is beneficial as the members in the team have the same or common goals which can
help them to resolve their conflicts to complete their task (Meacham and et.al 2017).
Provide the mentorship to the new employee:
It is also a good initiative to give the mentorship to the employers who have great knowledge in
the work, it can be beneficial for the new employee as their mentor are available to guide them. it
is the source of responsibility which is given to the employers as new employees productivity is
depend on them.
Provide the constructive feedback:
Feedback helps to make improvement, as it gives the suggestion to the person so that they can
think out of the box to find the solution. For the British Airways they can proceed to organise the
open meeting for their employees in which they can give the feedback which also improves their
work pattern also help them to improve their communication skills. As there are some employee
who are not outspoken which can cause problem for them as they are not able to solve their
problem, for that company can also proceed to enable the employees to work in a project which
enhance their interaction so that they can easily carry out their work.
Enable the team members to interact with other department:
It is very important if the employee communicate with each other then the work also carried out
in a timely manner, it also improves the functionality of the organisation. British Airways
company can proceed to encourage their employees to increase the departmental interaction, as
leaders of each team need to conduct a meeting for their employees so that they meet each other
and shares their thoughts and opinions which can helps them to complete their task. As it enables
the good sharing of the knowledge which is required for the productivity of organisational
business (Zhou, Fey and Yildiz, 2020).

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Reward and recognise:
By rewarding the employees for their good work can enable the employee to feel worthy and
important for their company. It improves the participation of the employee in the activities also
enables them to effectively interact with others. therefore, for good sharing of the knowledge
British Airways can also proceed to reward their employees for their better work, it encourage
them to move forward and to achieve the goals of the company.
Good and supportive work place environment:
It is the most important aspect which the company need to consider as to provide the better work
place environment to the employees so that they feel connected towards their work. for the
British airways their leader need to provide the better work place culture to their employee so
that they move forward to achieve the desire goals or objectives of the company (Diaz-
Fernandez, Bornay-Barrachina and Lopez-Cabrales, 2017).
category of culture
Organizational culture is defined as a set of common assumptions, norms, and attitudes that
determine how individuals act in organisations. These common values have a profound effect on
the organization's workers and affect how they appear, act, and execute their jobs. Every
organisation establishes and implements its own culture, which offers norms and limitations for
its members' conduct. Organizations with a rule-oriented culture follow a set of rules. These
regulations are established from the outset whenever an organisation is formed. To complete
even the smallest work, all personnel of these companies are obliged to follow these guidelines
(Strati, 2017). The organisations place a high value on rules and regulations and are frequently
hesitant to modify them. Organizations with a regulation organisation behaviour are frequently
administrative. In such businesses, creativity is at an all-time low, and even little tasks take
awhile to complete. The majority of the public organisations adhere to a regulation organisation
behaviour. A outcome culture suggests that an organization's management is exclusively
concerned with the bottom line. They are unconcerned with the procedures utilised to get the
desired goals. The majority of modern organisations have a direct consequence organisational
culture. Due to the obvious market's fierce rivalry, many organisations are modernising their

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outdate ways of operation in order to maximise productivity and produce profits(Al-Ali, Singh,
Al-Nahyan,. and Sohal, 2017).
Robert Quinn and Kim Cameron proposed a multi culture model that is used to classify corporate
cultures. Its vertical scale examines how an organisation is much more concentrated on durability
or adaptability, and its horizontal axis examines if the organisation is much more concentrated on
inside or outside.
Thehy evaluate the four methods by which the organization responsive and flexibility in their
culture which is better for them.
hierarchy
When companies are intrinsically motivated and oriented on structural rigidity, hierarchies
emerge and become successful. Organizations that adhere to these ideals search in themselves to
achieve productivity and accuracy. Through controlled operational procedures, hierarchies
provide structure and discipline to operations. They also guarantee that everything is done in a
seamless, orderly, and regulated manner.
Clan
Clans form when organisations are predominantly inward-looking and place a high importance
on reactivity. With this value combination, companies seek within themselves for methods to
react to change swiftly and effectively. Clans place a high importance on cooperation. They also
frequently feel like family, bound together by a desire to achieve similar goals. These firms have

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to be more concerned with personal outcomes, such as engagement, than with outward
objectives, such as consumer outcomes. If there is a dispute in between demands of the client and
the requirements of the organisation, the organisation will most likely emerge, as long as the
need is not life or death (Felipe, Roldán,. and Leal-Rodríguez, 2017).
Adhocracy
Adhocracy exists in companies that are outward-looking & concentrated on flexibility and
reaction. Under the this value combination, firms place a premium on speed of production,
creativity, and threat, all in the name of meeting external demands as rapidly as possible. The
ambition to explore, develop, and create swiftly holds these companies connected. As a
consequence, they are enterprising, haphazard, and eager to develop new things and discover
new methods to achieve. While businesses may expand and flourish rapidly, they have much less
influence on business processes as well as provide less supportive climates than other firms.
Market
The market culture is the final culture outlined in the Cameron and Quinn Competing Values
Culture Model. Market organisations are both externally and inwardly focused. They are highly
conscious of the organization's market position and are motivated to enhance it. As a
consequence, they are very client and vendor focused, prioritising excellent customer service and
boosting market position. Organizations are frequently competitive. They are united by their
passion to get stuff accomplished and win in today's market. As a response, they will be less
forward-thinking and flexible than other businesses, as well as less supportive.
Characteristics of Organizational culture
Driven up the organizational culture: Employees must have a strong vision in their
professions and be able to recognize both short - range and long goals. Individuals who
concentrated on mission rather than money shown added confidence and engaged more in the
organisation.
Communication: Workplace conversations that also include clarity, civility, and initiative
places of business communicate themselves effectively and enable staff to collaborate effectively
together, which increases productivity.