Directing Knowledge Management Strategy Development for a Business

This report delves into the development and implementation of knowledge management strategies, examining tools, techniques, and their practical application within a business context. The assignment begins with a detailed analysis of knowledge management at Hewlett-Packard (HP), exploring various tools, techniques, and their impact on business operations. It covers the comparison between knowledge management and information systems, the different business areas focused on knowledge management, and the importance of identifying requirements for organizational strategic use of knowledge. The report then outlines the major elements of knowledge management, barriers to effective data capturing, and different options of knowledge management tools, offering guidelines for structuring knowledge management efforts and identifying organizational resources. The second part of the report focuses on a case study of the African Development Bank, analyzing its existing knowledge management system, procedures, and their effectiveness. The analysis includes capturing business knowledge from internal and external sources, evaluating existing systems, and identifying potential reasons for system ineffectiveness. The report culminates in the development of a knowledge management strategy tailored to the specific needs of the business.

Direct the development of knowledge
management strategy for a business
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Contents
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................8
ANALYSIS......................................................................................................................................8
EVALUATION...............................................................................................................................9
DEVELOPMENT..........................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................14
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................24
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TASK 1
1. Discuss about the different knowledge management tools and techniques used at Hewlett-
Packard.
Knowledge management is defined as systematic set of approach that enable
information and knowledge to grow business of HP. The organization is mainly used the
knowledge management tool and technique which help for enabling best practices and
increasing the inter-networked organization structure (Hislop, Bosua and Helms, 2018).
Hewlett-Packard is used different type of tool and techniques such as social software,
communication channel, Big data, decision support and other type of knowledge
visualization, content management etc. these are technique for applicable in the business
for increasing the capabilities of firm. For Example- HP has structured the process for
taking a technique which transferring into part of world. Despite, success rate of
management process by using tool for building social interaction and recycling their
existing knowledge rather than generating new one.
2. Compare between knowledge management and information systems.
Knowledge management Information system
 Knowledge management is mainly
focused on the wisdom,
understanding and knowledge.
 It mainly deals with codified
knowledge that valuable of business
management.
 For processing, it is extremely used
the technology for explicit
knowledge and transfer from person
to person.
 It is focused on the data and
information that can be stored in
proper manner.
 IS deals with the structured and
unstructured figures or facts.
 This type of system is term of
technology and easily convey
information in codified format.
Table:1
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3. What is different business focused on the area of knowledge management.
Knowledge management refers to the process of sharing, storing and acquiring
information from different sources. It is increasing the efficiency as employee that spend
less time for managing information in proper manner. Hewlett-Packard enterprise
focused on the different area of knowledge management.
 It can be implemented the knowledge management in the employee improvement
where it useful for increasing efficiency and performance. Thus, it also developed
a strong relationship which sharing important information knowledge in better
problem solving (North and Kumta, 2018).
 In order to employee engaged with the knowledge management that easily search
result and store knowledge for performance improvement.
 It also building an internal communication that adopted knowledge management
for developing more productive tasks within organization.
4. Important for identifying the requirement in the improvement of organization strategic
use of knowledge.
Knowledge management is an important concept that HP use for best practices
and technologies to leverage corporate knowledge. It provides the better facilities of
company for capture knowledge in the centralized system. there are some common
reasons behind to use knowledge management system in Hewlett-Packard enterprise.
 It is useful for increasing the speed to access information and knowledge so that
HP would be increased their productivity three time more (Lie, bowitz and Frank,
2016).
 It allows for employee to improve their speed and quality of decision making by
accessing knowledge in the organization. HP enterprise collaborate with different
knowledge tool and technique for providing better experiences.
 It is beneficial for encouraging the innovative idea and collaboration that easily
access latest data or information. Sometimes, it also enables to stimulate
innovation as well as cultural changes.
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5. Understand the major elements of knowledge management.
Knowledge management is based on the concept that consists of different
elements such as content, strategy, process and people. HP uses this major element for
improving overall business capabilities and abilities.
 People: in HP, employee is mainly focused on the factor that initiative bound to
fail. In order to involve right people before get processes and technology. Each
and every employee participate within the business to gain knowledge about the
captured data and implementation.
 Process: In HP, it is mainly focused on the strong knowledge management
process that maintain and control flow of information. It also identifies the input
and output by using knowledge management tools (Grover and Froese, 2016).
 Content: It is based on the documentation knowledge that require for sharing
important data to other staff members. HP always make IT infrastructure that
enable to create stuff and access information from anywhere.
 Strategy: HP makes an effective knowledge management program that needed to
clear overall enterprise strategy which provide right direction of business. In this
way, it become easier for HP to build critical understanding towards knowledge
needs.
6. Barriers with organization that create problem in data capturing and identifying failure of
knowledge management.
Despite, HP uses various type of knowledge management tool for purpose of data
captured but sometimes, it has occurred problem and issues which directly convert into
major barrier. Afterwards, it has analyzed that identify failure of knowledge management.
 HP do not properly recognize the data or information that they are doing.
 knowledge management generally concern about the recycling of existing
knowledge and not properly focused on the generating new knowledge.
 The information technology often in regards to substitute for social interactions
and also look like traditional technique.
 Failure to build the people work and knowledge sharing become natural by
product work.
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These are different reason of system failure at the time of data capturing and
knowledge programmes initiative that did not deliver the accurate result or outcome. The
barriers can be overcome for planning an effective strategies and tactics. The barrier in
capture knowledge within HP can be categorized into different groups: technological
barrier, individual barriers and organizational barriers.
7. Various options of knowledge management tool.
Knowledge management is mainly involving the creation of relevant data and reuse
them in processing. It also linked with the concept of business competencies that defined
overall learning of firm especially how different production skill integrated with multiple
technologies. There are different options of knowledge management tools.
 Knowledge search: It is part of content repository that usually help for search
critical function and improve value of knowledge (Obeidat and et.al., 2017).
 Social software: It is including the core enterprise software that can be used by
HP for purpose of interaction with customers. In this way, it also records the
information of customers, product and services. For Example- Customer
relationship management system and enterprises system.
8. Represent few guidelines in the structure knowledge management efforts.
It is important part of HP standards to manage their knowledge management
process. Sometimes, it also associated with knowledge enrichment and expert to handle
information in proper manner. The information related guideline consider documentation
which mainly stored original and modified version of artifacts. It is helping for business
to manage and control entire processes. There are few guidelines useful for providing the
structure knowledge management.
 The timing of enrichment has planned and adhered in formal ways. Once the data
can capture within project, expert will participate in the business to enrich
knowledge of artifacts.
 The expert within HP enterprise provide direction of entire project team to review
and use specific knowledge. It also assists in the adoption and modification of
captured information.
 Time to time, formal reviews are conducted that help to address and
accomplishment of knowledge management at different points. In this way, it
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become easier to process group that will examine the overall activities in
enterprise knowledge management.
9. Identify organizational resources.
The organization is that resources come together which help for accomplished
specific goals and objectives. There are major resources that used by HP for improving
overall business quality and services. It involves physical resources, human resources,
information resources and physical resources.
In HP, manager is responsible person that acquire and manage resources to
achieve their goals. The management attainment is becoming an effective and efficient
which provide an idea for purpose of planning, leading, organizing and controlling
essential resources in proper manner (Dayan, Heisig and Matos, 2017). In additional,
business knowledge can present in various level in the form of tactics, strategies and
individuals. They are providing the learning sources and repository that easily embedded
with knowledge.
10. Analyze the technique for used in business development and implementation in
knowledge management strategy.
A knowledge management strategy is based on the action that mainly outline,
how HP will manage their company information or data. It can be improved the
knowledge by implementing an effective technique. In expansion of business in global
world, which require for using an effective technique and help for identifying resources
in knowledge management (Mäntymäki and Riemer, 2016).
o It must ensure to align the plan according to organizational mission, values and
vision.
o It can be designed an effective leadership team within organization so that help
for builds a strong with other staff members. In this way, it useful for knowledge
management strategies.
o Allocate an appropriate budgetary resource and create implementation plan.
o It can be developed the align structure in the business process to assign particular
task of each members.
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TASK 2
INTRODUCTION
A) Brief summary of the events
The African Development Bank Group or Banque Africaine de Développement is a
multilateral development finance institution. The AfDB was founded in 1964 and comprises
three entities: The African Development Bank, the African Development Fund and the Nigeria
Trust Fund. The objective of report is to analyze the existing knowledge management system
that is pertaining in African development bank. It will also evaluate the options related to
knowledge management. Present report will also develop the knowledge management strategy.
B) Description of the methods that report will follow
Report is fully based on case study of African Development Bank group. In section 1 I will
analyze the arrangement of capturing and using business knowledge from different internal and
external sources. In section 2 I will analyze the existing knowledge management system,
procedures followed in organization. In section 3 I will be involved in analyzing the
effectiveness of existing procedures and systems in terms of meeting needs of clients, objectives
of organization.
ANALYSIS
A) Existing arrangement for capturing business knowledge from various internal and external
sources
Internally bank is engaged in collecting all the experiences that they have generated form
over 50 years. They are also maintaining the country strategy paper which belongs to past. It has
also been analysed that African Development Bank is also making sure that different channels
and bodies who possess unique information are being coordinated. They are also engaged in
doing key research so that knowledge related to gaps is being increased. It is necessary for firm
to make sharpest decision which is of worth million dollars.
Externally bank is involved in launching their publication program like for example they
have published African Development report that shares all the news related to development in
Africa. Secondly they have also funded the African Virtual universities that provides E-learning
and distance learning to students.
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B) Existing knowledge management system and procedure in organization
The existing knowledge management system in African development bank is to provide
and raise the effectiveness related to development by exchanging knowledge solutions that are
innovative and creative for transformation of Africa within African countries. Bank’s knowledge
management system is based on two pillars that is to address Africa’s need of development and
increasing quality of services being provided by them (Masa’deh andet.al., 2017).
C)Effectiveness of existing procedure and system
The knowledge management strategy of bank has enhanced the operational effectiveness.
Company has make sure that the knowledge culture in bank has been enriched and increased.
The Bank’s effectiveness in achieving development and reducing poverty in Africa depends
primarily on its ability to improve the quality at entry of its development operations (Liebowitz,
2019).
D)Possible reasons for ineffective knowledge management system
The knowledge management system in African Development Bank can be ineffective when
bank is not strengthening their internal and external networks. Also they are not engaged in
developing the knowledge culture in organization. Also for if their investment in financial
resources is not sufficient for building a knowledge based institution.
EVALUATION
A) possible barriers or problems faced by organization in capturing knowledge
African development bank can face is the public support who is unaware about the needs or
value of knowledge. It can also happen that employees or individuals working in organization
lack it. Other problem that can be faced by them is that they do not have knowledge full
environment or the integrated web-enabled knowledge management system. If the internal
coordination lacks in bank, then this can also act as a problem that can affect bank. Knowledge
management system also must be linked with banks internal culture.
B) Options of knowledge management tools
Various knowledge management tools can be used by African development bank like for
example communication tool. It is one of the most prominent tool that can be used by bank, in
this tool they capture knowledge and communicate it to the members. It can include e-mails,
chat-box, telephones and even unified communication. Data base analytical tools can also be
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used by bank so that it enhances the quality of knowledge-based institution and also operational
needs of bank is being fulfilled.
c)Evaluation of above listed options
Communication is the most essential aspect for managing knowledge in African
Development Bank. Managing knowledge for bank can sometimes be chaotic. So bank needs to
enhance their external and internal communication, for this they can make use of social media so
that policy engagement and brokerage can be enriched. This communication tool will also
support bank in increasing collaboration and communication with centres and external partners
of bank will also be enriched. The other tool that can be used by bank is data base analytical tool,
this can support African development bank in storing and managing the information related to
clients. This tool can also help in making data more structured.
D)Justification of the above selected options
Communication tool will support African development bank to communicate effectively
the influence that global policies have on the development, this can also bring out the positive
outcome. Knowledge can be managed effectively by using digital tool as they are closely linked
with policy development and brokerages. It is very necessary for the bank that knowledge
management staff and technical staff also have the communication that is consistent. For this
communication tools can be used (deVasconcelos andet.al., 2017). This will develop a high
culture of knowledge in organization. Face to face communication can also be used in this as it is
most tactic for sharing of knowledge.
Other tool that can be used by African Development bank is big data analytics. In this it
can support bank in increasing the efficiency of operations. It can also support them in managing
knowledge as this can help them in data preparation and data separation. All the information is
recorded firmly with the help of Big data analytics.
E) Various intrinsic and extrinsic reward
African development bank for managing knowledge and acquiring more knowledge intrinsic
and extrinsic awards. It includes team and individual incentives so that the members of team
stays motivated and they are involved in sharing their knowledge. Knowledge can be related to
making policies of bank better or it can also be related to how the company can achieve their
strategic objectives (Liebowitz and Frank, 2016). An intrinsic reward is one which is intangible
in nature, it is a feeling of satisfaction that can be feel by stakeholders when they are being
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appreciated. By this they can bring more new ideas for development of bank and share their
knowledge and experience which be useful for enhancement of bank. Incentive given to team is
one of the type of extrinsic award. It is tangible in nature. It can be monetary in nature or even
trophy or medal can be given to teams so that they can share their knowledge.
F) Process of knowledge management that organization must consider
There are various steps in process of knowledge management that African development
bank needs to follow, it includes the following:
Collecting: In this step bank must involve in collecting a data related to how knowledge can
be managed effectively. Data which is being collected by bank must be documented properly.
Organizing: Data collected by bank needs to be organized properly. Like for example all
data related to policies of knowledge management must be kept separately.
Summarizing: In this all information collected needs to be summarised. Like for example
lengthy information must be presented in graph.
Analysing: Data which is gathered by bank needs to be analysed. Bank can involve in
appointing an expert for the purpose of analysis.
Synthesising: In this step information becomes knowledge, to keep data base safe
knowledge base software must be installed in bank.
Decision making: In this knowledge can be used by bank for ultimate decision making.
Decision can bring long term benefit to organization (Inkinen, 2016).
DEVELOPMENT
a) Approaches to develop knowledge management strategy
Consultation method can be used by African development bank in order to ensure a
comprehensive and systematic approach towards managing knowledge. To make sure knowledge
is being successfully managed this strategy emphasise that organization has proper knowledge
sharing culture (Kianto, Vanhala and Heilmann, 2016). It has also been analysed that
consultation method makes sure that team members and individual shares their knowledge and
experience. For this company have linked rewards and incentives which can motivate workers to
share their ideas. Consultation method lays special focus on giving critical training to employees
who are efficient knowledge. This can support African development bank in aligning their
knowledge management strategy to their goals and objectives.
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b) Effective knowledge management strategy
Process for periodic review: It is one of the most important strategy for managing
knowledge in African development bank. In this small meetings can be held by bank in
quarterly, half-yearly or annual basis. Meetings can be taking place between staff members or
various departments. In this type of review employees will be engaged in highlighting issues that
they are facing in managing knowledge. They can also review the quality and effectiveness of
knowledge management tools which is being used in organization. This review also ensures that
intended learning outcome has been achieved by African development bank or nit. This review is
essential for development of bank (Dayan, Heisig and Matos, 2017).
Knowledge management matrix: This matrix can assist African development bank in
analysing whether the knowledge management strategy is being achieved or not. This matrix is
being used by company to share pool of knowledge with each and every employee. This will
support them in developing their policies and also new ideas can be brought up in organization.
In this matrix every employee can also give feedback on the work done by other individual. They
can also share their experience which is being linked to completion of task. This matrix is really
essential for making a better knowledge full culture in firm.
Procedure to maintain continuous improvement: In order to make sure that continuous
improvement exists in African development bank they need to check that knowledge is being
effectively utilized. This can improve current capabilities of banks and will also assess
development of organization. Effective Utilization of knowledge can also support company in
achieving their ultimate goals and objectives. The strategy of final knowledge management will
include the well-through process where first step is identifying opportunity, analysing, taking
actions, reviewing results and lastly planning for future.
c)Justification for the success of planned knowledge management strategy
aligned with organizational needs, overall business plan and business strategy:
Continuous improvement which is one of the most effective knowledge management strategy
will help African development bank in meeting out their all short term and long term goals and
objectives. It has been analysing that business plan of bank consists of fighting against poverty
and bringing out equality in Africa (Barley, Treem and Kuhn, 2018). They are engaged in
promoting the investment of private as well as public capital. Thus this strategy will help to
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achieve their business plan and integrate it with the strategic vision. Continuous improvement
can help bank in improving their effectiveness and also increases their operational efficiency.
Included in the budget cycle: Consultation method and continuous improvement strategy
is being included in budget cycle of African development bank. As the goals set up by bank in
these methods are realistic and achievable. Only they have to emphasise that company has a
closed bond shared with their external partners and centres. This will support them in enhancing
their efficiency and also their gaols and objectives will be achieved. Bank must also have
emphasised that needs and wants of employees during the process of improvement has to be
controlled and managed by them. This will help them in enhancing operational efficiency.
Includes the technological requirement along with budget require: African
development bank will develop an IT budget in order to make sure that all advancement in
techniques is being included in budget. Company has adopted the rule in which they will spend
7% of their earning on development of technology. They make sure that expenses related to
advancing techniques are being included in budget. Only this aspect will support their growth
and increase their efficiency. Maintaining budget will help them in forecasting whether they are
short of cash or not. They will only make changes according to it.
CONCLUSION
Personal opinion: I have realised that African development bank can also make use of other
knowledge management tool such as knowledge search, knowledge visualization, decision
support. This can support firm in managing knowledge adequately. I have also realised that
monetary rewards can also be given to workers so that they share their real time experience and
knowledge and bank will be able to bring up more new ideas for effectively managing
knowledge. This will also support their growth.
From the above study it has been summarized that African development bank has been
making use of intrinsic and extrinsic award so that teams and individuals are engaged in sharing
their knowledge and experience..
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TASK 3
Overview of organization
African development bank is basically the multilateral finance institution being
established in 1964 and headquartered in Abidijan. It basically comprises the three entities which
are African development bank, African development fund and lastly Nigeria trust fund. The main
aim and objective of this company is to fight against poverty and thus improve the living
condition of the entire continent via promotion of investment of private as well as public capital
within projects. The primary and the most important function of this bank is to make loans as
well as equity investments for socioeconomic development of RMC. Secondly, this bank also
offers a wide range of technical assistance and help for developing projects along with programs.
Existing knowledge management system
Knowledge management is basically integral to this bank's mission as well as helps them
to grow and diversify in wider geographies. The knowledge vision of African development is
basically to become the premium knowledge bank for Africa. Its existing knowledge
management system has three pillars. The first one is to generate knowledge for developing
effectiveness. This is core operation of bank and thus focuses on selective studies for
contributing towards enhancing bank quality. Another pillar relates to integrating knowledge via
partnership. This strategy ad procedure of knowledge management generally emphasizes on
creating partnership as well as increasing the collaboration together with external institutions.
The third pillar of its knowledge management is all about enhancing the knowledge
dissemination as well as sharing. The main of this pillar is to ensure that the knowledge which is
being created intensively reaches the end users.
Barrier to organization
The most important barrier which this bank faces for capturing the knowledge in its
organization is motivating the employees. When it comes to capturing the knowledge base, bank
finds it complicated to get their team motivated in sharing ideas as well as work with each other
and this forms the determining factor in its market position. Another significant barrier which is
being faced by African development bank is maintaining the pace with this ever-changing
technology. Due to the frequent change in technology and advent of advanced digital technology,
bank usually faces a great challenge to incorporate this in their company and constantly
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monitoring its effects. In short, updating to the frequently changing technology sometimes
becomes a pain for the organization.
Knowledge management tools
On of the most effective tool which African development bank utilizes for developing its
well-through strategy is the effective communication. The bank ensures a the use of effective
communication at each and every level of its hierarchy while developing the strategy of
knowledge management. Through effective communication, the bank ensure that the knowledge
is being delivered to each and every employee where low level or middle level. Besides this, the
another most important tool which is being used by this bank while building is strategy is the
decision support system through which they are bale to seek the required knowledge in large
amount via using analytics well as reporting software. Thus, this is another important tool.
Extrinsic and intrinsic rewards
The various intrinsic rewards which the bank uses for encouraging stakeholders to share
knowledge is team-based incentive. In this, the management motivates the employees to share
their knowledge base, ideas as well as suggestions with others by providing them the
appreciation and rewards. Besides this, the extrinsic reward which the bank uses for motivating
major stakeholders which is customers to share their knowledge is monetary benefit. Bank
usually provides various monetary benefits to the customers for sharing their feedback and
knowledge with the bank and its associated organization. For example- when the customers
provide their feedback on the website of bank regarding their services or products then the
company provides them points which can be converted into money later on.
Approaches to developing knowledge management strategy
The most effective strategy which the bank uses for developing its strategy of knowledge
management is consultation method. This method is generally designed for ensuring proper and
systematic approach in successful knowledge management. This approach helps them to
implement this knowledge management in the most effective way by communicating with senior
management and by creating the culture of knowledge sharing. Another approach which has
been used for effectively developing strategy of knowledge management is proper allocation of
the resources. The bank made use of various resources like manpower, money etc. for converting
the idea into strategy and thus ensured its proper allocation. Bank assessed the various resources
which would be required for proper implementation and thus prioritized according to their use.
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Final knowledge management strategy
The process for the periodic review of knowledge management mainly includes the
various steps where the first step is preparation of the review report. Following this, the second
step is its implementation and the last process consist of its review and thorough monitoring.
The strategy will also include knowledge management matrix. This is basically the
framework which is used by the organizations for sharing as well as using the information for
managing knowledge and information pool. This matrix provides a well-through explanation of
types and approaches of knowledge management.
Continuous improvement is predominately the method for recognizing opportunities and
reducing the use of nonessential activities to achieve organizational objectives. The strategy of
final knowledge management will include the well-through process where first step is identifying
opportunity, analyzing, taking actions, reviewing results and lastly planning for future.
Final management strategy in achieving business plan
The strategy of final knowledge management will help African development bank to
achieve their long term as well as short term objectives and goals. The business plan of the
company mainly includes their mission which is to fight against poverty through promoting
investment of private along with public capitals. Thus, this strategy will help to achieve their
business plan and integrate it with the strategic vision. Besides this, it also helps to achieve the
strategic view of company which is spurring sustainable economic development in regional
member countries.
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TASK 4
1. Identifying dimensions of knowledge management with diagram.
Knowledge management is a type of process that can increase value and
importance of knowledge and assets through discussions, collaboration and knowledge
sharing. It provides the full value of people, who always contribution and inspire with
recognition or awards. It has required for remember knowledge management in
organization to achieve specific objective. On the other hand, it can be categorized the
dimension of knowledge management in the organization.
Figure 1 Dimension of Knowledge Management
Strategy: It is based on the dependent corporate strategy that help to manage, create and
share relevant knowledge assets meet strategic needs.
Organizational Culture: It always influence the employee during interaction with other
and also create knowledge. At certain point, it can be done certain changes and ultimately
share knowledge.
Processes: It is right processes, systems and environment that enable knowledge
management for implementing in business.
Leadership and management: It considered the experience leadership that perform
different operation related knowledge management.
Technology: It enabling technique and tool that suitable as per requirement of enterprise,
it also designed and implemented in proper manner.
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2. Analyse the concept of knowledge management trends and processes.
Knowledge management processes are accumulating, acquiring and gathering
data or information through knowledge. It is beneficial for organization to enable its
competitive advantage for growth and development.
Knowledge management processes
 It is initial process to examine need and requirement of knowledge that require for
strategy designing and implementation.
 It also identifies that what are different knowledge assets necessary for
organization. It mainly includes suppliers. Processes and technologies.
 The knowledge generation through various assets like innovative product lunch,
change economic and social policies.
 It is another process to store and capture data within the system.
 As performed the process that allows for distribution so that people access to
gather knowledge of enterprises.
Knowledge management trends
 Leveraging knowledge management and other technologies move towards
artificial intelligence.
 It is increasing use of KM that includes design thinking, development, mergers
and user centered design patterns.
3. Understand that individual barriers in capturing knowledge in organization.
The individual barriers in capturing knowledge exits in the organization where it
can be identifies the sharing as value creating at the time of organization activities. There
are different individual barriers in capture knowledge.
 It has a lack of time to understand about the concept and knowledge, identify staff
members in organization for specific knowledge.
 It has limited awareness and realization of belief towards the knowledge
management.
 There are lack of insufficient capture, evaluation, communication and not
tolerable mistake that would affects individual learning capabilities.
 There is lack of trust among people where it has chances of misuse knowledge.
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 It also increased the difference between people related back ground, culture,
traditional, belief and values.
4. Examine external and internal source of data.
Internal data is generated from the business that mainly covered different areas
such as finance, maintenance, operations and personnel. On the other hand, External data
come from global market which may include competitors, customers.
Internal source of information
 Production annual report
 Loan
 Employee wages
 Bonus
External source of information
 Market research
 Marketing intelligence
 Survey
5. Difference between knowledge management and information management.
Knowledge management Information management
 It is a process of collecting, sharing,
organizing data by using knowledge.
 It involves communication and
human interaction.
 Technology is beneficial but
knowledge management focused on
the processes and people. It cannot
be properly transferred effectively
 It is a process of accusing,
evaluating and maintaining the data
for purpose of decision making.
 It involves creation of data or
information with the help of
technical tool.
 It is greatly benefit from modern
technology since data being
conveyed that already exist in
codified format.
Table:2
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6. Determine three steps in the successful implementation of knowledge management
software.
knowledge implementation software is a type of IT system that help to retrieve,
store and locate knowledge sources and improve collaboration etc. it is useful for overall
enterprise for successfully implementing steps.
o Define the high-level process: It is important step for implementation where it can
lay out knowledge management process and develop detailed procedures. The
team members are contributed their own skill in task management and after
developing process. It should be finalized step for further expansion.
o Identify the Modern technology requirement and needs: in this step, it can assess
that what type of technology will help for enhance and easily automate the
knowledge management. In this way, it also established the solutions for
diversification.
o Rolling out various building blocks: It must phase out the process that ensure that
overall objective divided into smaller one. In this way, it can successful
implementation of knowledge management software.
7. Explain intrinsic rewards that significantly positive effect on knowledge sharing among
staff members.
Knowledge sharing is becoming positive aspects on the organization
competitiveness and success. It always helps for encouraging the people to share their
own innovative idea and thoughts. Reward system is mainly created the positive thing in
order to motivate employee towards their specific goals and objectives. It often designs in
business that ensure the proper knowledge sharing behavior and nature of people. On the
other hand, Intrinsic reward is a type of psychological and internal based where employee
get directly performed task itself. The Intrinsic rewards have significantly positive effect
on the knowledge sharing.
 It has developed the own capabilities and connected with team members to
achieve organizational goals.
 Through knowledge sharing, it also earns recognition as well as respect from
higher authority in the organization.
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 It is helping for increasing own performance and efficiency in terms of decision
making. In order to resolve any problem within organization.
8. Analyse about ethical, legal and security issues regarding knowledge management.
The ethical issues related knowledge management within organization, they are
different at every level. It mainly generates ethical issue at the time of knowledge sharing
where it cannot manage knowledge due to identify hidden data. Th ethical issues are such
as accessibility, accuracy and privacy. In context of accuracy, it has increased the error
and defect during data gathering.
The legal issues develop in the knowledge management because of unethical
behavior of people while adoption of information technology. There is some risk of
privacy without any permission to access hidden information.
The security issues arise in the KM where organization is not used strong security
and privacy so that it has chances of security issues related data loss, attack by hackers,
unauthorized access on gather information.
9. Identify organization change management models and theories.
The organization change management is based on the process of changing overall
enterprise processes, culture, strategies and technologies. These are directly effects on
business operations and functions.
Mockinsey 7s Framework Model: Mockinsey 7S Framework model is one of most
common models that mainly used by HP for change management. By using model, HP
uses different steps for change overall process. It involves strategy, structure, system,
skills, shared values and staff. This type of model offers better ways to understand overall
organization working process. It can be integrated with practical and emotional
components.
Nudge theory: This type of theory is based on the find out behavior science, political and
economic changes applied within organization. It is useful for encouraging the employee
to change the policies and understand the entire environment or culture. organization use
this theory to explore and understand existing procedure which influences but it also
explains them to eliminate and change positive things.
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10. Analyse database management principles and record management.
Record management is a type of set of activities that performed within
organization for purpose of data collection, maintenance, distribution and disposition of
recorded data maintained in proper manner. business use this process for recording
important data permanently in their system. The purpose of record management is to keep
maintain necessary documentation that accessible for business operation and functions.
Database management principles are helping Hewlett-Packard that identify the
approaches of big data. It mainly applicable different principles for data management.
 Identify the data management strategy
 Utilize stewardship and other type of ownership
 Use metadata
 It must ensure data quality and services
 Increases usage of data or information.
11. Define meta-analysis.
It is a type of quantitative, epidemiological and formal design study that can be
used to assess results of previous things. Therefore, it easily derives conclusion about the
case study. This type of technique is useful for business to improve estimate size of effect
and resolve any type of uncertainty in proper manner.
12. Stages of organizational memory processing.
The memory is associated with the individual ability to retrieve knowledge,
acquire information within business concept and also beyond individual aspects. There
are some common stages of organization memory process.
 Acquisition: it consists of information related past decision related business
process. It is not centrally recorded but rather split into different retention
services. Every time, it has made decision and eliminate defect or error in
business process. Some of information recorded for further improvement.
 Retention: this type of stage is contained different type of repositories such as
individuals’ culture, structure, external activities and so on.
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 Retrieval: in this step, it can be controlled entire process automatically. It refers to
effortless activities of easily accessing organizational memory and also performed
different action to store knowledge management.
13. Identifying metric related knowledge management.
Metrics are essential concept in knowledge management process that help for
identifying development criteria which made by specific nature of knowledge
management assets. Metrics can be measured through key attributes in business
phenomenon. It provides the computability of business between cultural, individuals and
time-periods. In context of KM, the overall performance measured through different
objective for secure funding at the time of knowledge management implementation
process. It can be identified different knowledge management metrics in the organization.
 Measuring knowledge management value
 Measuring knowledge management implementation
 Measuring knowledge management Compliances
 Measuring knowledge management Activity
14. Evaluate the possible factors that responsible for knowledge management failure.
The organization has made an effective strategy for identifying business need and
requirement but there are some failure issues arise within the organization. In this way, it
can be determined the knowledge management failure factors that can be divided into
resultant as well as casual.
Casual factor mainly refers to identify fundamental problem within organization
that increase to condition and not suitable for Knowledge management. It may include
some Failure factors:
o Improper planning, design, evaluation and coordination.
o There is lack of performance and cannot measured the benefits in properly.
o Increases the problem and issues in business environment.
o Employee and workers are not collaborated with each other.
In this way, it requires for organization to make putting some efforts to eliminate the
failure issues and also help to meet business goals.
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REFERENCES
Book and Journals
Barley, W.C., Treem, J.W. and Kuhn, T., 2018. Valuing multiple trajectories of knowledge: A
critical review and agenda for knowledge management research. Academy of
Management Annals.12(1). pp.278-317.
Dayan, R., Heisig, P. and Matos, F., 2017. Knowledge management as a factor for the
formulation and implementation of organization strategy. Journal of Knowledge
Management.21(2). pp.308-329.
Dayan, R., Heisig, P. and Matos, F., 2017. Knowledge management as a factor for the
formulation and implementation of organization strategy. Journal of Knowledge
Management. 21(2). pp.308-329.
de Vasconcelos, J.B. and et.al., 2017. The application of knowledge management to software
evolution. International Journal of Information Management. 37(1). pp.1499-1506.
Grover, R. and Froese, T.M., 2016. Knowledge management in construction using a SocioBIM
platform: A case study of AYO smart home project. Procedia Engineering. 145.
pp.1283-1290.
Hislop, D., Bosua, R. and Helms, R., 2018. Knowledge management in organizations: A critical
introduction. Oxford University Press.
Hislop, D., Bosua, R. and Helms, R., 2018. Knowledge management in organizations: A critical
introduction. Oxford University Press.
Inkinen, H., 2016. Review of empirical research on knowledge management practices and firm
performance. Journal of knowledge management.20(2).pp.230-257.
Kianto, A., Vanhala, M. and Heilmann, P., 2016. The impact of knowledge management on job
satisfaction. Journal of Knowledge Management. 20(4). pp.621-636.
Liebowitz, J. and Frank, M. eds., 2016. Knowledge management and e-learning. CRC press.
Liebowitz, J., 2019. Building organizational intelligence: A knowledge management primer.
CRC press.
Mäntymäki, M. and Riemer, K., 2016. Enterprise social networking: A knowledge management
perspective. International Journal of Information Management. 36(6). pp.1042-1052.
Masa’deh, R.E. and et.al., 2017. The impact of knowledge management on job performance in
higher education: The case of the University of Jordan. Journal of Enterprise Information
Management. 30(2). pp.244-262.
North, K. and Kumta, G., 2018. Knowledge management: Value creation through organizational
learning. Springer.
Obeidat, B.Y. and et.al., 2017. The impact of intellectual capital on innovation via the mediating
role of knowledge management: a structural equation modelling approach. International
Journal of Knowledge Management Studies. 8(3-4). pp.273-298.
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Soto-Acosta, P. and Cegarra-Navarro, J.G., 2016. New ICTs for knowledge management in
organizations. Journal of Knowledge Management.20(3). pp.417-422.
Webb, S.P., 2017. Knowledge management: Linchpin of change. Routledge.
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