Comprehensive Guide to Lathe Operations and Safety Procedures

This assignment delves into the intricacies of lathe machine operations, emphasizing the critical aspects of safety and operational procedures. It details essential precautions, including the use of safety gear, proper tool handling, and the importance of maintaining a safe working environment to prevent accidents. The document outlines the significance of understanding component design, engineering drawings, and the functions of various lathe parts like the spindle, saddle, and tailstock. It also covers crucial aspects such as workpiece clamping, the different types of turning operations (knurling, facing, threading, etc.), tool mounting, cutting fluids, and the importance of selecting appropriate cutting feeds. Furthermore, it addresses potential defects, measurement techniques, and the operator's responsibilities to ensure quality and precision in the final product. The assignment highlights the importance of regular inspections, accurate measurements, and the use of appropriate instruments to avoid errors and achieve desired outcomes in turning operations. The document emphasizes the importance of safety and precision in all aspects of lathe operation.

Running head: USING LATHE IN TURNING OPERATIONS
USING LATHE IN TURNING OPERATIONS
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1USING LATHE IN TURNING OPERATIONS
Table of Contents
Answer 1....................................................................................................................................2
Answer 2....................................................................................................................................2
Answer 3....................................................................................................................................2
Answer 4....................................................................................................................................3
Answer 5....................................................................................................................................3
Answer 6....................................................................................................................................3
Answer 7....................................................................................................................................4
Answer 8....................................................................................................................................4
Answer 9....................................................................................................................................4
Answer 10..................................................................................................................................5
Answer 11..................................................................................................................................5
Answer 12..................................................................................................................................5
Answer 13..................................................................................................................................5
Answer 14..................................................................................................................................6
Answer 15..................................................................................................................................6
Answer 16..................................................................................................................................6
Answer 17..................................................................................................................................7
Answer 18..................................................................................................................................7
Answer 19..................................................................................................................................7
Answer 20..................................................................................................................................8

2USING LATHE IN TURNING OPERATIONS
Answer 21..................................................................................................................................8
Answer 22..................................................................................................................................8
References................................................................................................................................10

3USING LATHE IN TURNING OPERATIONS
Answer 1
The lathe machine is one of the major machines used in the turning operations and if
not used properly they may cause major fatalities. The installation of the device and using the
table needs various precautionary measures such as taking off any accessories worn, rolling
up the sleeves wearing safety gear while operating the machine (Chaudhari, Awari, and
Khandare 2015). Eye protection must be worn at all times during turning operations to avoid
any injury to the eye. The equipment used in the turning operations are sharp and must be
used very carefully to avoid any mishaps. The different tools should be kept away from the
running machine to avoid injuries.
Answer 2
The lathe machine is device which operates at high speeds and uses very sharp tools,
so necessary precautionary measures need to be taken while operating the machine and
handling the tools for this operation. The different tools used in the turning operations are
extremely sharp and should be used properly. The tools should be kept away from the
rotating and the moving parts of the machine to avoid any injury (Patel, Kapadia and Joshi
2016). The cutting tools should be fixed probably to avoid any injury to the operator. The
chuck wrench should always be detached and the chuck should be fitted properly to avoid
any injuries.
Answer 3
The operators working on the lathe machine should take necessary personal safety
measure to protect them in the case of any accident. The eyes should be covered at all times
to prevent airborne metal bits and chards from entering the eyes of the person (Koenigsberger
and Tlusty 2016). The clothing of the operator should not be loose to avoid from being

4USING LATHE IN TURNING OPERATIONS
entangled in the machine. Anny accessory or jewelry should be taken of before working on a
lathe and the hair needs to properly managed in case the person has long hair.
Answer 4
The safety mechanisms of the machine like the emergency stop buttons and the
treadle breaks should be in the operating and working condition to stop the machine during
any mishap. The emergency switch should stop the machine in case of any accident. The
treadle foot switch should slow down the spindle or stop it in case of any emergency (Patel,
Kapadia and Joshi 2016). These are the necessary safety parts in a lathe machine so that the
operator may not face any issue while operating the machine.
Answer 5
In both the hand and the power modes, the lathe machine should be used with extreme
care during the turning operations. The machines rotate the work piece at high speeds to the
must be fitted properly in the spindle to avoid any injuries to the operator (Chaudhari, Awari,
and Khandare 2015). In case of any emergency during the turning operation in the lathe
machine, the operator should use the emergency buttons and the treadle brakes. To restart the
operations the hazards have to be cleared out before starting the operations again taking extra
care of the different preventive measures.
Answer 6
The lathe operation needs all the requirements to be understood before starting any
operation as any discrepancy may harm the total output of the product. The component
design has to be understood with the measurements to understand the product to be made.
The work piece has to fit in to the spindle properly so that the final product may not be

5USING LATHE IN TURNING OPERATIONS
distorted and proper tools should be chosen based on the process. The items and the machine
should be checked, such as, the work piece should not have cracks on them.
Answer 7
Then engineering drawing is extremely important for the proper understanding of the
final output of the turning operation. The drawings have to be understood in the British or the
international standard by giving the size in units, angle in Φ and the angles of the work piece
in θ. The designs have to be understood in first angle and third angle projections where the
side view and top view are projected in alignment or as shadows.
Answer 8
The different parts of the lathe perform different functions for the perfect operations
of the machine. The spindle holds the work piece in position while performing the operations.
The saddle moves along a slide supporting tool-post, compound rest and cross slide.
Tailstock often called the puppet head is a movable stock, which slides along the bed. A
compound slide is the swiveling slide on which the tools are attached. Taper turning
attachments are used to reduce the diameter of the work piece from one end to another.
Answer 9
The work piece should be properly fixed to the spindle using a spindle wrench so that
the work piece is not loose and does not fall off the spindle. The mark of the work piece
should be observed while fixing it so that the end product is not harmed. The work piece
should be properly marked on the places where they are supposed to be cut and worked on.
The cutting tools and all the parts should be tightly fixed so that no accidents occur during the
turning.

6USING LATHE IN TURNING OPERATIONS
Answer 10
The work piece should not be clamped to the lathe during the turning operation to
avoid any plastic distortion in the finished material. Clamping the work piece forces it to
undergo unnecessary pressure because of which the end product might be distorted in form.
The roundedness of the end product may also be affected by the distortion caused due to
clamping.
Answer 11
There are a number of operations that can be performed on a Lathe machine which
include Knurling, Undercutting, Facing, Turning, Taper turning, Thread cutting, Chamfering,
Grooving, Drilling, Reaming, Forming and Tapping. There are a number of tools for the
operations to be performed. High speed tooling can be used in turning operation while brazed
tip tooling can be used for reaming and interchangeable tip tooling for a number of operations
to make the finished product. The drilling and thread cutting use slower turning operations
and more precision.
Answer 12
The appropriate holding and mounting of the tool is extremely necessary for a
successful turning operation. The tools should be ideally placed by tightening them to the tool
post(Koenigsberger and Tlusty 2016). The tool should be attached such that there may should
not be too much overhang of the tools as it might lead to the chipping or breaking of the tool
or the work piece causing injury to the operator.
Answer 13
The tool used in the turning operations are extremely sharp and should be handled
with care and before the turning operations are in progress (Gupta, Mishra and Singhvi 2016).

7USING LATHE IN TURNING OPERATIONS
The tools should be inspected for any visible signs of wear and tear to avoid any issues
during the operations. The tools used in the turning operations are used for a long time and
they should be checked for bluntness, missing toothy or any cracks (Patel, Kapadia and Joshi
2016). After the use, the tools should be reinspected and sharpened in case it is required.
Answer 14
Any non-movement happening in the lead screw during the axis reversals is known as
backlash (Obeidi et al. 2017). It is mainly caused due to the motion loss in the machine parts
if there is gap between the trailing and leading edges. This may also be caused due to error in
measurement the sliding accuracy along the X- axis (Chaudhari, Awari, and Khandare 2015).
The inaccuracy can be prevented by paying proper attention to the detailing before starting
the work and paying more attention while taking the measurements. This can also be
corrected by ensuring that the X axis moves in one direction only.
Answer 15
The trail cuts should be made by moving the tool in the longitudinal axis. The various
types of cuts take a toll on the tools based on the usage, hardness of the material it is used on
and the durability of the materials it is made of. Large and roughing cut force the tools to
undergo more forces and larger wear and tear (Bo et al. 2017). The excessive heat produced
due to the cutting action of the tools cause tarring of the work piece affecting its overall
output.
Answer 16
The selection of the cutting feed is another factor to be focused on for the proper
operation of turning and affecting the total product (Koenigsberger and Tlusty 2016). The
cutting feed needs to be chosen accurately according to the need of the machinery and paying

8USING LATHE IN TURNING OPERATIONS
attention to the types of the material being used as the work piece in the operation. The type
of the holding the work piece requires also decides the type of the cutting feeds to be used
(Oka and Morishige 2014). The tolerance of the material to be worked ion and the size of the
work piece should also be taken in consideration while choosing the cutting feed.
Answer 17
The cutting fluids are used to keep the temperature of the tools and the work piece at a
manageable level so that they do not distort the final product (Sharma and Sidhu 2014). They
are mostly soluble oils mixed with water to avoid abrasion and distortion of the work piece.
Cutting fluid is necessary to reduce friction between the work piece and tools so they may not
be affected and the measurements are not affected. The cutting fluids also make sure that the
heated metals and the waste materials do not fly out and harm the operator.
Answer 18
There are various measures to be used while removing the components before
removing them from the lathe (Bo et al. 2017). The different components need to be
measured so that the operator can be sure that they are made according to the blue print
provided earlier. The vernier caliper is used to measure the diameter of the work piece and
the different. The surface texture comparison methods are used to assure that the product is
made to meet the requirements of the finished product.
Answer 19
The instruments need to me measured if they are in proper working condition to avoid
any discrepancy in the finished product due to the errors in measurement. The various
inspections of the work piece are done by the measuring devices. The flatness is measure by
gauge and measuring its thickness at multiple points known as the multi point method. The

9USING LATHE IN TURNING OPERATIONS
surface finish is checked by using comparison blocks and usually the touch method for
testing sensitivity.
Answer 20
There are various defects that might creep in the final finished product because of the
different tools and the various operations of the turning being performed incorrectly. The
fault in the measuring instruments will affect the numerous measurements taken to cut the
work piece, which may change the entire product. In appropriate feed speeds will change the
amount of force the tool will have on the work piece affecting the overall performance. The
overall damage on the work piece caused by the excessive force by the spindle incase it is to
tight it will harm the overall output product.
Answer 21
The operator of a lathe machine has a responsibility if they are operating the machine
and they may face a number of issues while operating it. Help should be taken from trusted
people when needed to avoid any harm and ensuring proper operations of the machine. The
help of a person is needed to sharpen the tools properly to avoid any ill made final products
because of the lack of sharpness of the devices (Bo et al. 2017). An electrician has to be kept
ready to avoid any electrical failure in the machine and in case any electrical problem occurs.
Answer 22
The lathe machine is an extremely dangerous device and it should not be left
unsolicited and open after the work is done. Firstly, all the tools should kept in the tool box
after the use. Any sharp metals of the waste materials should be cleared from the worksite.
The chemicals used in the process of the turning should be removed from the side of the

10USING LATHE IN TURNING OPERATIONS
machine and disposed. The electrical power source should be cut off and open parts should be
covered properly before leaving the workplace.

11USING LATHE IN TURNING OPERATIONS
References
Bo, Z.X., Yao, W.Z., Kai, D., Tang, L.S., Qiang, G.P. and Tao, D., 2017, May. Analysis of
thermal characteristics of spindle and spindle box of machine tool based on finite element
method. In Applied System Innovation (ICASI), 2017 International Conference on (pp. 694-
697). IEEE.
Chaudhari, P., Awari, G.K. and Khandare, S.S., 2015. Investigation of effectiveness of
combined turning and burnishing operations performed on lathe machine on an aluminium
alloy for the modification of surface texture.
Gupta, G., Mishra, R.P. and Singhvi, P., 2016. An Application of Reliability Centered
Maintenance Using RPN Mean and Range on Conventional Lathe Machine. International
Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering, 23(06), p.1640010.
Koenigsberger, F. and Tlusty, J., 2016. Machine tool structures. Elsevier.
Obeidi, M.A., McCarthy, E., Kailas, L. and Brabazon, D., 2017. Laser surface texturing of
stainless steel 316L cylindrical pins for interference fit applications. Journal of Materials
Processing Technology, 252, pp.58-68.
Oka, R. and Morishige, K., 2014. Development of Turning Machine Operation Interface that
Uses Haptic Device. International Journal of Automation Technology, 8(3), pp.445-451.
Patel, M., Kapadia, R. and Joshi, G., 2016. Improvement of Overall Equipment Effectiveness
of CNC Lathe Machine. International Journal of Engineering Science, 3491.
Sharma, J. and Sidhu, B.S., 2014. Investigation of effects of dry and near dry machining on
AISI D2 steel using vegetable oil. Journal of cleaner production, 66, pp.619-623.