Comparative Analysis: LCommerce Programming Language for E-commerce

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of LCommerce, a programming language specifically designed for e-commerce applications. The report begins with an introduction to e-commerce and the need for specialized programming languages, followed by a detailed explanation of LCommerce's purpose. It then explores the compilation methods used, including ahead-of-time (AOT) and just-in-time (JIT) compilation, justifying the choices made for LCommerce. The report further delves into the scoping features and memory management schemes implemented in LCommerce, discussing the different scopes and the private heap memory management. Subsequently, it provides a rationale and specifications for the essential features of LCommerce, such as simplicity and orthogonality. Finally, the report evaluates the readability, writability, and reliability of LCommerce based on its chosen language characteristics, concluding with a summary of the findings and references.

Running head: COMPARATIVE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Comparative Programming Language
(Language for E-commerce problem domain)
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author Note

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Executive summary
The sector of e-commerce refers to the conducting of business through Internet. Here, the goods are
found to be sold with the help of electronic means. In the following study a random programing
language is thought to be developed. It is named the LCommerce is meant for improving the e-
commerce website. Here, in the report the reason behind choosing LCommerce is discussed along
with the choice of the justification. Apart from this, various kinds of scoping features are also
demonstrated in the study. Besides, the multiple schemes regarding the management of memory are
also examined here. After that different types of specifications a rationale for the basic features are
explained in this analysis. At last, a discussion is put here regarding reliability, readability and
writablity of LCommerce. This is based on various kinds of properties of LCommerce that are
already demonstrated in this investigation.

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction:......................................................................................................................................3
1.1. Understanding e-commerce and its programming language:.....................................................3
1.2. Explanation of language purpose:..............................................................................................4
2. Choosing and justifying the compilation methods used for LCommerce:........................................4
3. Understanding the scoping features and memory management:.......................................................6
3.1. Discussion on scoping features of LCommerce:........................................................................6
3.2. Analyzing the memory management for LCommerce:..............................................................6
4. Rationale and specifications for the essential features of LCommerce:............................................8
5. Discussion on readability, writability and reliability of LCommerce n the chosen language
characteristics:.....................................................................................................................................16
5.1. Readability:...............................................................................................................................16
5.2. Writability:................................................................................................................................17
5.3. Reliability:................................................................................................................................17
6. Conclusion:......................................................................................................................................18
7. References:......................................................................................................................................20

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1. Introduction:
1.1. Understanding e-commerce and its programming language:
E-Commerce deals with conducting business over the Internet. It is seen that selling of goods
is possible to be done electronically. This is due to particular software programs running the primary
activities of e-commerce sites. This might include the display of products, ordering over the Internet
along with inventory management (Ullah, Alauddin & Zaman, 2016). Here, the software resides
over the server of commerce. It works in conjunction with various payments systems online. This is
meant to process the payments. The data lines and services develop the backbone of the Internet.
Hence, in the broader sense, the definition e-commerce indicates performing of business on various
networks that are Inter-connected.
For the current e-commerce website, a random programming language is estimated to be
developed. It is named as LCommerce. The language must consist of various proper types of stuff. It
should be much towards performing with the means reflection that is to be executed. LCommerce is
intended to put emphasis on readability and efficacy. It can be said that development t of any
programming language is not a simple thing. However, as one learns LCommerce, one must
understand that this should be the most straightforward and calmest language that one can ever learn.
LCommerce must be stress-free in reading. It should be easy-to-learn, especially for different first-
time programmers. Further, it must be allowed to run over various systems with lesser number of
limitations.
In the following analysis, the choice and justification of the methods in LCommerce are
evaluated. Moreover, the different types of scoping features to be included here along with its
memory management schemes are also demonstrated. Then, the rationale and specification for its

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primary language features are examined. At last, the writability, reliability and readability of the
language on the basis of its characteristics are investigated in this report.
1.2. Explanation of language purpose:
In the current competitive and ever changing commerce business, the user experiences of the
services provided include what profits it has been making. E-commerce is all about serving better,
accessible and gains trust for retaining the customers. The business owners are intended to adopt the
latest technologies. This is to appear at best in front of the clients. The purpose of LCommerce might
lie in the fact how the customers have seen the mobile apps or websites they have considered to
make a purchase decision. LCommerce must make the apps or website lucrative, operative in
seconds and easy to navigate as per customer necessities.
2. Choosing and justifying the compilation methods used for LCommerce:
The compiler of LCommerce must process statements thatare must be written in a distinct
programming language. They should be turning them to machine language or code uses by computer
processors. During execution, the compiler should be initially parsing every word statements in a
syntactic manner. It must be done one after other and ion successive passes and stages. This must be
building the output code assuring that the statements indicating other statements are determined
properly at the ultimate system (Ariyani & Mandiri, 2015). Conventionally, the output of the
compilation has been known as the object code or the object module. Here, the object code is the
machine code that can be executed by the processors as per one instruction at one time. Here, the
initial step that must be performed by the compilers is to run the preprocessor over that. Here the
source files are to be passed to the compilers for compilation and preprocess. Besides, the header
files are not be passed to the compiler. Instead, they are intended to be included from the source
files. It must be noted inspite of any further details, that the compilation process of LCommerce must

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occur prior to the execution of the ahead-of-time program. However, various environments of
implementations have been providing the popular just-in-time compilation. This might take place
during every time execution of the program (Yamazaki et al., 2015).
Figure 1: “Complier and programming process”
(Source: Rathi & Given, 2017, pp. 718-740)
First of all, LCommerce, must involve the AOT or Ahead-of-time compilation indicating the
practice to run distinct compilation command before the runtime. They must create a separate file
executed by the computer. Besides, LCommerce must develop machine code and this should be
particular to one machine or kind of machine. For running on a distinct machine, the main system
should be then recompiled. Here, the compiled code should be running on the computer as many
numbers of times instead of any recompiling (Georgiou, Kechagia & Spinellis, 2017). Next, the just-
in-Time compilation of JIT must be done as any program or user calls for the program for running.
As the compilation is done during runtime, the programs utilizing the JIT must possess startup
overhead than those who have been utilizing the AOT. Further, the JIT compilers should maintain

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access to some of the data regarding the program during runtime. This must involve variable values
helping to make the optimizations that the AOT compilers are unable to perform like an advanced
prediction of the branch.
3. Understanding the scoping features and memory management:
3.1. Discussion on scoping features of LCommerce:
Unlike other programming languages, the only thing that LCommerce must introduce is the
function definition. Here, the classes for LCommerce are a bit of special case. This is for anything
that is directly defined in the body is placed under the namespace of the class. However, they are
never accessible directly from within various methods or nested categories that they have been
containing. There must be three scopes where the variable must be searched within. The first one is
spam’s scope. This must consist of all the defined within every code and the loop variables. Then
there is the global scope. This must consist of all the established in the codes and whatever that has
been changing after that (Koliouska et al. 2017). Then, there is built-ins namespace. It must
comprise of various built-in functions of LCommerce and different types like string and length
functions. It must not be modified from any kind of user code. It is expected to consist of the
standard functions and nothing more. Further, more scopes should be appearing as one introduce the
nested functions to the scenario. Moreover, the nested function must be accessing all the things in
the local scope and anything within the range of enclosing function.
3.2. Analyzing the memory management for LCommerce:
The memory management for LCommerce must include the private heap. This must
comprise every objects and data structure of the new programming language. It is to be internally
ensured by the memory manager of LCommerce. It must consist of distinct components dealing

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with different dynamic storage management spaces such as caching, reallocation, segmentation and
sharing.
Figure 2: “Understanding dynamic memory allocation”
(Source: Di Fatta, Patton & Viglia, 2018, pp. 2018)
The raw memory allocator at the lowest level must assure that there is sufficient broom for
the private heap. This is to store every data related to LCommerce. This must be done by interacting
with the memory manager of the operating system. The integer objects are to be managed distinctly
under the heap unlike the dictionaries, tuples and strings. The reason is that the integers have been
implying distinct requirements of storages along with tradeoffs of space and speed. Furthermore, it
must be understood that the managing of the heap of LCommerce should be done by the compiler
(Kalbande & Chavan, 2016). Here no user has any control over that. Besides, allocating the space of
accumulation for the objects and internal buffers are to be done on demand by the memory manager
of Python. This must be done through various API functions.

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4. Rationale and specifications for the essential features of LCommerce:
These can be evaluated in terms of the following aspects:
Simplicity:
The syntax of LCommerce must be concise and human readable. This must include less
syntax memorization. Having a lesser code for memorizing, fewer mistakes must be made from the
side of the developer. It must be able to include the latest ideas and then able to meet the latest
requirements. Further, suitable programming for LCommerce must be built-in. Here, tons of
programming standards should be followed. However, this must always come down to the primary
level. Here, the practice to intend is a perfect instance. It must permit to remain organized. This
should be made more accessible for LCommerce’s developers n reading the base of the code (Alic,
Omanovic & Giedrimas, 2016). Here through utilizing various classes, the understanding of
instantiation and inheritance must be the key towards developing oneself as a developer of
LCommerce. Further, LCommerce must come built with various host of modules and libraries. This
can also expand its capabilities. Here, the tools must permit the speeding of the cycle of development
to create a better type of projects. This must be quicker than various other languages in the market
used in developing an e-commerce website.

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Figure 3: “Simplicity of a Language”
(Source: Shemi & Procter, 2018, pp. 501-520)
Orthogonality:
LCommerce must be orthogonal as the features can be utilized without much thinking
regarding how the usage can put an impact on additional features. These features of the program are
compatible with its prior versions that are backwards compatible. Thus an orthogonal relationship
can be created with the features of its previous versions. This is because they have been mutually
independent. The developers must not be worrying regarding the usage of the version features. This
can cause unintended impacts. This is due to the interaction with the features from the previous
versions (Ghandour, 2015). Here, the programs and elements must be asked to be mutually
orthogonally. LCommerce can be utilized instead of worrying about it can put impacts on the other
languages. Hence, it is orthogonal. While evaluating the storage of data, the overall length of the
time data must be aced in the storage system. This must be known as persistence. The orthogonal

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persistence of LCommerce must demonstrate the case where the developers are able to treat the
information the same despite the length of time the informant is placed in the storage.
Figure 4: “Violating orthogonality”
(Source: Paiva, Leal & Queirós, 2016, pp. 332-337)
Syntax design:
LCommerce must consist of various identifiers. These must be helpful to determine the
variables, modules classes and multiple functions. While designing LCommerce, the primary
concept the programmers should be sending more time in reading than in writing the program.
Hence, the Commerce must be developed such that is readable. For LCommerce, the line breaks are
a huge matter here. However, there should be some exceptions (Majid, Kamaruddin & Mansor,
2015). Some of the expressions must actually be split down into more number of lines. It must be
known as the implicit line joining. This must be of huge help while working with more extensive
types of data structures.