Leader and Manager: Roles, Functions, and Business Environment Impact

This report examines the distinct roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, differentiating between their functions within an organization. It explores how leaders motivate and guide, while managers plan, organize, and control. The report analyzes leadership and management roles through various business situational contexts, such as new product launches and conflict handling, using Cranswick as a case study. It also delves into operational management approaches, the significance of operations management towards business goals, and the impact of the business environment on managerial decision-making. Furthermore, the report evaluates how leaders and managers can improve operational efficiencies, incorporating leadership theories like Adair's model, and concludes with a critical analysis of factors influencing the business environment and wider community.

Management and
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
P1. Explain and make a differentiate between leader and manager based on their roles and
characteristics.........................................................................................................................4
M1. Analyse and differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a manager by
effectively applying a range of theories and concepts............................................................7
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
P2. Presents the examples that shows how the role of leader and function of a manager are
applied in different business situational contexts...................................................................8
P3. Use different concept and models of conceptualisation in the operation management. And
also include situational leadership, systems leadership and contingency theory of leadership
................................................................................................................................................9
M2. Examine strengths and weaknesses to appraise different approaches to situations within
the work................................................................................................................................11
D1. Critically Analyse and Evaluate the different theories and approaches to leadership...12
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................12
P4. Describe key approaches of operations management considering the role and function of
leaders and managers............................................................................................................12
P5. Describe the significance and value of operations management towards the business goals
..............................................................................................................................................13
M3. Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational management
to successfully meet business objectives..............................................................................15
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................15
P6. Discuss the suitable elements of business environment that impact the decision making of
managers and leaders............................................................................................................15
M4. Analyse how these different factors affect the business environment and wider
community............................................................................................................................16
D2. Critically Evaluate application of operations management and factors that impact on the
wider business environment.................................................................................................17

CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................18

INTRODUCTION
Management and operations is the significant concept which is related with the prominent
design and suitable controlling of the prominent process by considering the procedure of
manufacturing and redesigning the business operations and other commodities. It also tends to
consider the suitable roles and responsibilities in terms of making sure for the effective
operations of business by undertaking the suitable sources which are need to meet the demand of
customers (Filimonau and Delysia, 2019). The suitable concept is required in regard of having
effective manufacturing of prominent products. In this report, Cranswick is considered which is a
leading UK food producer and the provider of fresh extra worth commodities. Company is
founded in 1974 and headquarter in Hull, UK. Furthermore, report tends to cover details
regarding the role of leader and managers by considering the various situations which are helpful
in enhancing practical knowledge. Along with this, various approaches are also discussed
undertaking the operations management values and significance for the prominent functions and
suitable factors that are helpful in identifying overall market that leads to effect the decision
making of leaders.
TASK 1
P1. Explain and make a differentiate between leader and manager based on their roles and
characteristics.
Managers: They leads to work for suitable actions and undertake effective
responsibilities to have effective operations at each and every level. For this, managers also
develop suitable plans and strategies of company by undertaking the effective achievement of
goals regarding the growth and success (Yang and et. al., 2020). For this, suitable characteristics
and roles of managers are discussed as:
Roles of managers: Monitoring: The managers of Cranswick leads to perform several task in a day and for
this, monitoring plays an important role by the managers and management to ensure
regarding the suitable requirements and resources to perform effective task in prominent
way. Negotiation: Here, managers plays an important role to have proper negotiation from the
side of company undertaking the external environment and identification of internal

environment from the employer side (Holmström and et. al., 2019). For this, people leads
to reach to managers in order to face any kind of issue by which managers leads to bring
higher authority of employees to have prominent solutions of the issue.
Characteristics of managers: Risk avoider: Managers tends to undertake safe path in order to work for the suitable task
rather than risky task. It undertakes the prominent features by which managers try to
undertake suitable way for the effective working system rather than going for the unique
one.
Leaders: These are people who leads to provide prominent guidance and assistance to
their workers in order to face any other situation. In regard of this, leaders lead to make proper
use of human resources to make things effective and potential by keeping them motivated
(Abideen, Mohamad and Fernando, 2020). Here, every team member effectively undertakes their
leaders in terms of having proper guidance and support to make them competent. Here, every
leader need to offer suitable guidance in terms of making them more competent and some of the
effective characteristics are mentioned as:
Role of a leader: Motivator: Here, leader plays an important role in order to motivate and make sure that
the effective team member is satisfied and happy with its subordinates in order to work
with full potentiality for their clutch and also subsidize towards the effective objectives
and goals of Cranswick. Delegation of duties: The team leader need to be known about the prominent ability of
respective as their duty is to assign effective duties and jobs which are being directed in
order to achieve objective of Cranswick.
Characteristics of manager: Change agent: Leaders are the one who tends to undertake creative ways to work over
the old ways that represent the characteristics and features towards leading the team.
Furthermore, Cranswick need to undertake suitable changes in order to make their
individuals in comfort zone by undertaking suitable changes to get align according to it.
Manager’s function:
There are various functions which are being performed by manager towards the growth
and success of company. Some of the functions are mentioned below:

 Planning: It is the main role of manager which is to create plan in order to meet the goals
and objectives of company. It undertakes allocating useful resources of employees and
delegate responsibilities in order to set actual timelines and standards for completing task.
In context of Cranswick, their manager plays an important role in terms of planning
suitable roles by continuously checking the progress of team and also leads to forecast
things to maintain clear image of company.
 Organising: It effectively represent the organisational skills of manager in order to make
effective arrangement of the staff members for smooth running of an organisation. In this
context, Managers of Cranswick develop internal process and structure for their
employees and teams which is best suited for the particular task and keeping it effectively
organised for the daily operations.
 Controlling: This function is useful to make sure that all the functions are effectively
work in order to achieve success of company. For this, the managers of Cranswick
effectively monitor the performance of employees, quality of work, efficiency and
reliability of the projects which are completed in an effective manner. Hence, with the
help of controlling, the manager of Cranswick make sure the suitable goals of business
and tends to make proper changes accordingly.
 Directing: In this function, the managers tends to effectively provide guidance and
proper direction to their employees in order to perform their job role by making them
comfortable and confident in order to take command for their team members on the basis
of daily task. In context of Cranswick, their managers lead to include effective projecting
to develop strong sense of direction at the time of developing goals and communicate
new process for the products and services.
Leader’s role:
Adair’s action centred leadership model
With the help of this model, eight roles are described regarding the success and growth of
company by undertaking the SMART goals to have clear objectives, this model has three
suitable factors of leading undertaking team, task and individuals in order to achieve success and
growth. Hence, the prominent roles that are being performed by the leader of Cranswick is
discussed as:

 Defining the task: Here, the individuals and teams tends to have task which is being
ploughed for having and describing the clear objectives by considering SMART criteria.
 Planning: It effectively need for having the suitable search for alternative which is best
for having effective performance to their functions with others undertaking the factors
like, open minded, unique, innovative and so on. In this, possibilities should properly
planned and also tested in an effective manner.
 Briefing: In this context, briefing is considered as the primary leadership as it is
important in order to create prominent atmosphere to promote team-working and
motivation among the individuals of company.
 Controlling: Here, the leaders must have effective leadership to get enhanced result for
the effective resources. It also tends to accomplish self-control and prominent system
with the help of monitoring skills.
 Evaluating: In this, the leaders tends to be quite good to assess prominent consequences
in order to evaluate the overall performance of team for effectively appraising their
individuals and judging them.
 Motivating: It undertake the effective principles of motivation that helps in encouraging
others regarding the selection of motivated individuals and also leads to set real targets by
undertaking the progress through providing fair rewards.
 Organising: In this, good leaders are capable to organise their team and undertake
suitable process and structure. By undertaking the leading change required effective
purpose to effectively organise the functions of company to achieve proper result.
 Setting an example: Here, the leaders of Cranswick need to set effective examples for
their workforce and team in order to enhance their overall performance and functioning.
M1. Analyse and differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a manager by
effectively applying a range of theories and concepts
Differentiation between the manager on the basis of their roles and characteristics
Basis Managers Leaders
Risk avoider/Risk taker Managers are risk avoider who
leads to do their job with old
methods.
Here, leaders are risk takers by
bringing fresh ideas for their
work and bring best outcome

for them.
Monitoring/Motivation Here, managers tend to
undertake the overall
performance and suitable
monitoring of the
environmental conditions.
In this, leaders lead to
motivate their staff members
to accept and adjust things
according to the changes and
other prominent conditions
(Waleczek and et. al., 2019).
Theories It undertakes the prominent
theory of leadership
considering situational, system
and contingency.
It includes various
management theories like
behavioural, bureaucratic and
many more.
TASK 2
P2. Presents the examples that shows how the role of leader and function of a manager are
applied in different business situational contexts
Leaders and managers need to have separated term from one another undertaking the
responsibility, duty and ability that leads to many-sided from each other. Along with this,
leadership and management plays a crucial role by considering various situations by which both
of them work as per the innovative factor. Therefore, in regard of undertaking the concept of
prominent situation leads to exercise things in prominent way.
Situation 1: New product launch
It represents that organization launch a new product by considering the innovative ideas
and suitable techniques. In this is the overall objective of cranswick is to enhance their product
portfolio by maintaining competitive position in market.
Role of leaders
Leaders tends to have suitable objectives regarding the members of the team to achieve
objectives considering the launch of its product. In this the leading role of a leader is to keep
their employees inform considering the upcoming alteration and also responsible to keep their
staff members encouraged towards the adoption of changes (Hashemi-Petroodi and et. al., 2020).

Moreover, leaders ensure that the develop suitable ways for their workforce in terms of
motivating and engaging employees in collective way.
Functions of managers
Managers are playing an important role at the time of introduction new product in the
market as the manager of cranswick develop suitable plan regarding the launch of product and
making arrangements as per the required resources. Along with this they also have the effective
plans to direct Their employees in terms of performing their responsibilities in order to launch
new product by considering budget as well (Tönnissen and Teuteberg, 2020). Lastly the suitable
performance is also measured in order to launch new products by accomplishing prominent
objectives.
Situation 2: Conflict handling
Conflicts are the basic component for the daily operations and functional of an
organisation like cranswick. In regard of this very situations arises which are required to have
proper vision and Management to dissolve them properly.
Role of leaders
Leader plays an important role regarding the conflict situation and also have suitable
bargaining among the parties who are indulged in conflict by considering the top level
management of cranswick and other team members. In this leaders are accountable to connect
with other parties and also accountable to bring peace by resolving issues of an organisation.
Functions of managers
Here the functions of manager are to eliminate or reduce conflict why bargaining towards
the productivity and performance of an organisation. In this deletes to monitor and effectively
control situation and the managers of cranswick undertake deep examination of the situation by
finding reason behind the issue. In this the issue with managers is regarding the suitable
measurement for properly controlling to eliminate the impact of conflict in the functioning and
running of an organisation for the longer period of time (Albergaria and Jabbour, 2020).
P3. Use different concept and models of conceptualisation in the operation management. And
also include situational leadership, systems leadership and contingency theory of
leadership
The techniques of Operation Management lead to consider various tools models and
conceptualisation by applying it on the company to gain suitable benefits. For this the

considering theories like Situational management system and contingency theory are discussed
below
Situational Leadership: According to this concept it initiates the various dynamics which
is suggested by the leaders to develop suitable leadership style by analysing the overall situation
in order to have deep analysis and understanding. In regard of this Hershey’s Blanchard theory is
considered that has four suitable elements which are useful by the leaders to develop their
methods and approaches for the particular situation (Plaskova, Prodanova and Reshetov, 2020).
All of these elements represent the prominent track in which leaders of cranswick use suitable
implementation of situational leadership Theory. Direction: In this the leaders of company tends to direct towards the staff associates in
order to have suitable advertising team and considering new ones at the same time in
order to take entry within their team by having effective promotional plans for the new
product of cranswick. Moreover, leaders also tell suitable Expectations from their
employees regarding the job and performance of specific task. Coaching: In this leaders needs to engage staff members in order to sell their ideas by
bringing unique things and performing it in an effective manner. Delegating: In this leaders know about their members and also develop prominent set of
skills on the grounds of delegated task and authority.
 Participative: It represent that work force and others subordinates leads to engage in the
decision making of company by having suitable achievement of innovative products and
proper motivation level (Nair and Reed‐Tsochas, 2019).
System leadership theory: This theory is obtained by the leaders in terms of bringing
effective changes in the environment by making things more flexible considering the potentials
of workforce. It is helpful in suitable ways by undertaking the large level of production and
operations for the huge product portfolio. It also represents the prominent set of services and
competences of the leaders by representing the power of leadership seeing the internal Orders
and expanded area (Chen and et. al., 2020). Moreover, the leaders of cranswick tends to
implement this style of leadership by having prominent operations in terms of serving to the
market. Cranswick needs to have suitable operations in terms of performing toward their market
by having proper development and bring effective opportunities for them regarding the

expansion and enhancement of standards for the growth and success of company. It is beneficial
to enable and induce the brand equity in order to get prominent result.
Contingency theory: As per the theory around is no best method to direct team towards
the development as it is accommodating in terms of sympathetic the appropriate idea of
management approaches. It represents that there is no issue for the particular path by which the
leaders lead towards the overall growth and considered the effective working situation (Chapman
and Ellinger, 2019). In this the leaders of cranswick need to implement effective leadership style
by undertaking various factors and situations by identifying the prominent conditions and expert
skills. Along with this leader dense to undertake suitable leadership in an effective manner by
developing prominent relationship with the leadership style and situation.
M2. Examine strengths and weaknesses to appraise different approaches to situations within the
work
Situational leadership
Strengths Weaknesses
Situational leadership is more comfortable for
the leaders who prominently know how to use
it. Moreover, leaders are capable to use any
leadership style as they believe in given
situation.
This leadership tends to cause confusion in
company as they lead to change their approach
in order to address the needs of individuals.
Furthermore, this leadership style tends to
focus on short-term goals by overseeing the
long term goals.
Contingency leadership
Strengths Weaknesses
It is dynamic in nature for prominent changes
which are being made for the suitable situation
in order to make effective changes by
undertaking prominent policies according to
the overall situation. It is helpful for the
managers to enhance their decision making and
leadership skills.
It is being considered as the complex approach
as it represents suitable approaches which are
simple and also comes with the practical
implementation. It is being considered as the
reactive approach as it leads to handle
prominent situation which become hard for the
manager.

System leadership
Strengths Weaknesses
This approach leads to enhance the adaptability
of environmental changes in order to make
suitable adaption of needs for the overall
environment to make their decisions in both
macro and micro environment.
This approach tends to delay in the decision
making process and does not get practical
decisions. They also lead to make effective
classification for inter-relationship that can be
done in effective way.
D1. Critically Analyse and Evaluate the different theories and approaches to leadership
Hence, through above discussion it is being analysed that company tends to undertake
prominent approaches and theories which are helpful for them regarding the effective running
and functioning of company. For this, the suitable functions and roles are effectively described of
the manager and leader for having the suitable performance of company. In regard of this, they
lead to undertake various situations in order to work in suitable manner. In this context, suitable
models and theories are considered for having effective roles and functioning for both the
managers and leaders.
TASK 3
P4. Describe key approaches of operations management considering the role and function of
leaders and managers
It represents the suitable business conditions by which company has been gone through
regarding the several critical situations that are beings based on the suitable operations by
undertaking various approaches that leads to manage several activities. It depic the
implementation of both positive and negative way of Cranswick in order to represent the
capabilities of business to achieve things for effective changes by focusing the below ones: Total quality management: It represent the dominant process in terms of eliminating and
analysing the errors within the supply chain competence of employee’s production and
knowledge of customers. Along with this it leads to focus on the development of suitable
quality by delivering goods and facilities that leads to satisfy the requirements of
customers and lead them concerning the development of company (Wu and Olson, 2020).
Furthermore, in terms of cranswick their marriages offer prominent guidance considering