Comparing Leadership and Management in Business Operations

This report delves into the distinct roles and characteristics of leaders and managers within an organizational context, using Tesco as a case study. It defines and analyzes the key differences between leadership and management, exploring traits such as flexibility, decision-making, and communication skills in leaders, and persuasiveness, operational administration, and dynamic function in managers. The report examines the functions of managers and the duties of leaders, including planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, and how these roles contribute to achieving organizational objectives. It also explores leadership theories and models, and their application in operations management. The report assesses the impact of the business environment on operational management and decision-making, with a focus on how leaders and managers contribute to the overall success of the organization.

Management and Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 1
TASK 1....................................................................................................................................... 1
P1 Define and analyse several duties and traits between a manager and a leader ................1
M1 Difference between manager's function and leader's role..............................................4
TASK 2....................................................................................................................................... 5
P2 Function of manager and duty of leader.........................................................................5
P3 Models and theories of leadership systems.....................................................................6
M2 Strengths and weaknesses of different approaches .......................................................7
D1 Leadership approaches and theories..............................................................................8
TASK 3....................................................................................................................................... 8
P4 Important approaches to operations management and role that leader and managers.....8
P5 Worth of Operation management in achieving business objectives..............................11
M3 Techniques to modify efficiencies of operational management...................................12
TASK 4...................................................................................................................................... 13
P6 Factor of business environment impact upon operational management and decision making
......................................................................................................................................... 13
D2 Application of operations management .....................................................................14
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................... 14
................................................................................................................................................... 17

INTRODUCTION
Business management and operation include designing and implementation of strategies
& tactics to function organisation management properly. It is a division of adoption of
management and operational strategies within an organisation. A person in company can be
specialize in various works but he must be skilled in a specific piece of work. Like if someone is
good is communication and costumer management skills he must be recruit in costumer service
Dept. Operation management refer to managing and organising all functions of production,
manufacture and distribution process accordingly and properly (Ageron, Gunasekaran and
Spalanzani, 2012).
Tesco is UK based MNC which sale Grocery and general merchandise retail product in al
over UK and other countries. It owns its stores in more than 12 nations except Europe. Tesco has
been listed leader of Grocery Retailer in all Asia an d Europe. Tesco has membership at London
Stock Exchange which allows company for foreign business market and exchange foreign
money and also noticed as 28th largest company In London Stock exchange.
In this study, report will study roles and characteristic difference between a manager and
a leader within an organisation and analyse there function. Also this compare a leader and a
manger's role and traits in organisation. Evaluation of operational approaches in management
and theories and their roles in Tesco is being done.
TASK 1
P1 Define and analyse several duties and traits between a manager and a leader
Leadership - Leadership, is ability and acquisition to lead and guide and establish the
vision for a group of people or organisation.
Management – Whereas, management is the administration of activities including
organising and coordinating various strategies and staff members in a work in order to
accomplish organisation mission and objectives.
A leader in large business like Tesco monitor and manages company's employee and
employer in corporate sectors. A leader look after company and society and is the individual
who has established company and motivate it for further achievement. Whereas manager at a
corporate control and monitor different work and task at company and handle reports and issues
of organisation (Management And Leadership Styles In Tesco, 2015). Manager is usually charge
1

or leader of a particular group at business like Tesco. Definite segments in Tesco has allotted
separate managers to their skills and need of department whereas whole Tesco has only few
leader who generates and manages different issues and controls and maintain dignity and
development of Tesco as well manages their organisation relation with community and Govt. of
nations.
Characteristics of Leadership -
1. Flexible –
This is a leadership style that need a leader top be flexible. A leader should be flexible to
change and adjust according various situation, vary in direction and suitable strategy. It adjust
leader to cater their best from them from every person (Alderton, and Saieva, 2013).
2. Value Diversity -
Good leadership understand the value of diversity in the business. They accept concept of
diversity and the more diversity and more innovation and creativity in work. Leadership seek
more diversity in order to bring more potential in the work (Barratt, Choi and Li, 2011).
3. Decision Making -
Good leadership is all about taking quick and right decision on right time that suit the
situation best and carry best result out of applied strategy. A person can take right decision after
an analysis or thinking over it but leader own the ability to take quick decision in pressured
situation and make best of it (Blome and Schoenherr, 2011).
4. Communication and interpersonal skills -
Good leadership posses better communication and interpersonal skills in order to link
with masses and influence them through their speech and ideas. Leader must have high level in
interpersonal skills in order to earn trust of their fellow or employee.
Characteristic of Management -
1. Persuasive -
Management is universal and persuasive. Management is a process that is required to be
obtained in an organisation to function all system properly (De Roover, 2017). Manager pursue
all process and strategies that is required in order to achieve organisation goals.
2. Multidimensional -
Management is multidimensional activity. A manager should have ability top manage
many work at a time (De Vries and Huijsman, 2011).
2

3. Operation Administration -
Management is required to make sure that various process is being achieved in best and
effective way. A manager, therefore, operate all activities such as production, distribution,
finance, purchase and accounting (Dekker, Bloemhof and Mallidis, 2012).
4. Dynamic Function -
Management is a dynamic process. It keep vary according the change of environment and
social trends. A manager should be able to handle and coordinate all affairs and practices of
organisation in various situation (Galindo and Batta, 2013).
Roles of Leader and Manager -
1. Innovate -
Leader cater change in organisational culture and framework. They appoint future
vitality in corporation by recruiting employee in organisation (Gunasekaran and Ngai, 2012).
Manager build agreement with complication in particular stores and manage planning,
staffing and measure performance and consumer services to get desired results.
2. Plan and Direct -
A leader's role is to direct organisational vision and objective and emphasise company
value to everyone within organisation. Leader evolve strategies to build accomplishment as
possible and coordinate innovative strategies which emerge with time in industry (Heizer, 2016).
Manager determine goals and function program according organisational strategies.
Managers deposit budget planning in regard of their stores and areas and assign resources within
organisation.
3. Motivate and Control -
A leader's role is to motivate all managers and employers of organisation as well as
external public of company. A leader train and stimulate staff include managers at all levels of
organisation to develop organisation and inspire organisational people.
Manager role is to motivate conclusion of organisational mission and objectives and to
change strategies according stores situation and employee management (Hill and Hill, 2012).
3

Manager scale conclusion with build budget and plans and submit difference and aggregate
conclusion to organisation .
4. Alligation and Organise -
A leader is first person of an organisation. Communication with corporate people and
build company strengths is leader responsibility (Jabbour and et. al., 2012). Leader pursue
employee and employer by aligning them on a perfect place fitting their skills and
responsibilities .
Whereas a manager role is to build and formulate several structure to attain strategies. A
manager convey programme and keep teaching it. Assign roles of different employees designing
and distribution of role and targets among members of organisation.
M1 Difference between manager's function and leader's role
4

TASK 2
P2 Function of manager and duty of leader
Leader determines systematic framework of organisation and influences corporation as
well as its public including external and internal. A leader build coherent and clear aims for
organisation and create different strategies to imply and accomplish them practically. Leader of
organisation chooses its path to future and final destination of organisation despite looking at
impossibility of achieving them (Jacobs, Chase and Lummus, 2011).
Manager whereas functions leader's plans and strategies to run them determined path of a
leader and execute plans to achieve goals of organisation . So manager implement leader's dream
with proper function to meet its vision and run organisation systematically. How a manager
manages such possibilities and reach leader's expectation? By creating a functional plan for
5

organisation obviously. Evaluation of those strategies and role of leader and function of manager
run a company smoothly (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra, 2013).
Planning and Analysing -
Manager's most important function is planning of objectives and transcript of success
plan of organisation. This is important for manager to produce and build goals of organisation
and focus on efforts and stimulate organisational employee. Manager allocate employee their
responsibilities and enhance their performance by planning strategies to implement in order to
get organisational success.
A leader analyse data and statics of particular department and motivate managers to
build plans according their locations. Leader analyse logical data, an bring innovative concept to
get success in Tesco (LaGanga, 2011). Leader order and motivate manager to maintain and
enhance their department performance so that manager work properly for organisation and
employee within organisation. Example in situation of crisis in certain state, Tesco leader will
analyse and order manager to plan or suggest better solution to organisation.
Organising and Structuralizer-
Other essential function of Manager is organising resource according different goals and
segments of organisation. After planning of an strategies a manager require to implement them
by acquiring various organising tactics to assist team and achieve goals. A manager maintain
several organising events and practices to run organisation smoothly. Essential element of
organising is determination of series of command and use of human resource (Large and
Thomsen, 2011).
Leader structure organised plans in an organised plan and make clear objective of
organisation. Leader provide a framework on which manager work and organise plans according
organisation culture and proceed company and organisation approaches that contribute its part in
organising function that manager handle in their departments.
Leading and Socializing -
A manager become a leader when it comes to subordinate with their employees and
people working in organisation. A manager have to lead its people and organisation and
motivate them to work hard to meet company objective. For that manager have to be a good
communicator and effective personality when it come to leading their staff (Mathiyazhagan, and
et. al., 2013).
6

Leader plays a vital role in leading function of organisation. Leader lead manager of
segments of organisation to success and provide them a vision to look for in future. Leader teach
them how to inspirer and motivate employee and socialize with their workforces. Leader build
relationship between organisation and industry and community.
Controlling and Conceptualizer -
Manager monitor employees and their approaches within organisation in order to control
company environment. Control activities require to maintain organisation structure and their
workforce. Efficient planning and strategies implementation and balanced behaviour and
attribute balance is require in organisation management and operational management
(Mollenkopf, Frankel and Russo, 2011).
Leader help manager to prepare concept and build perception according requirements of
management and operations. It help in dealing activities with employees and staffs of
organisation. Leader build a routine objectives in manager vision that help in manager to
function organisation and control all activities of company. Example Tesco leader set monthly
goals to manager and manager distribute targets to worker and control over everyday activities
and results.
P3 Models and theories of leadership systems
This can be characterized as a process in which individual impact and motivate
organisation framework, enhance organisation culture, and improve organisational goals and
achievement (O'Fallon and Rutherford, Eds., 2011). Leadership means social influence,
stimulate organisation activities and manage corporation behaviour covering all management and
operational departments of organisation.
Leadership is a different term than management which includes staffing, hiring,
controlling and organising management strategies within organisation whereas leadership major
part in company is to influence and motivate. A Leader can vision for organisation but a
manager may not be a good leader.
Leadership have been studied from decades to overlook characteristics, qualities and
roles of a good leader in entrepreneurship or any organisation. Many analysts have defined this
term in a various definition so are they worth it. Many models and theories approaches including
situational leadership system have been evaluated in history, some of them defined below-
Situational Theory -
7

According to situational theory, different situation need several leadership styles. It
believes that an effective leadership is management of ability and skills according to different
situation. This theory defines leader their style of being supportive or directive. Also this states
that leader must adapt different approaches to handle different situations (Oliva and Watson,
2011).
Contingency Theory -
This story believes that leader is fortuned buy ability to adjust with different situations
and requirement. It defines leadership is a combination of skills and fortune as well as qualities
and style on a desired situation and context. This theory was given by Fiedler in which he
analysed that leader role become more impelling in favourable situation whereas person oriented
become more impressive in intermediate and non favourable condition (Peng and Lai, 2012).
Behavioural Theory -
This theory is form of critics of Traits Theory which has followed an innovation in
leadership approach. It says that leadership focuses must be behaviour and practices despite
characteristics or traits of a person. This theory enhance the ways and methods which make them
a good leader instead of believing of trait theory according which good leader are born with
abilities of leadership (A Sarkis, Zhu and Lai, 2011). For proving this theory, several analysis
were done in which major attempts was made by Ohio State University and University of
Michigan within 1945-47.
M2 Strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
Historical Techniques -
This techniques is most popular techniques which used to believed by the older
generations and system. According to this, the person who have the special ability, only can be a
leader. The major weakness of this approaches is this odes not believe that for being an effective
leader education and information has the vital part (Seuring and Gold, 2012).
Contemporary Approach -
This concepts deploy on flexibility of one's work who is a good leader. Major weak point
of this theory is this is complicated idea. This is the modern approaches which changes
according to the situation and consequences.
8

D1 Leadership approaches and theories
Leadership Concepts
Attribute Theory -
This concept states that people often born with traits of leadership from their birth.
Inherited quality person with leadership ability only can be a good leader. There is no individual
who can be a good leader without inherited ability and quality of a good leadership.
Critics says that this theory doesn't go with all circumstances and situations. There are many
good leader that have been proved as a good leader with having trait in them before (Slack,
2015).
Skill Theory -
This story defines a good leadership as a skilled ability and knowledge. It states that a
good leader should have some skills and effective and important knowledge and information
which make them a good leader (Stadtler, 2015). It says that there have no relation with heir and
a good leader as good leader earn this ability by education themselves and with a fist of
confidence. Of course it has some facts because without knowledge and skills a good leader will
be a man with only words.
TASK 3
P4 Important approaches to operations management and role that leader and managers
Operational management contains management and control of production activities and
company operation in a effective techniques that maximize outcomes of company and reduce
threats and weakness of organisation. It is a process of strengthening organisation assets such as
labour, materials and produced goods management in a creative and innovative in order to
complete certain roles by operational manger and leader. Tesco utilizes some effective
approaches to increase operational activities and company strengths. Here those operation
approaches are explained-
1. Case Approaches -
This approach is also popular as management experience approach which studies
organisation previous management cases and experiences. This approach was introduced by
Earnest Dale and group member of Dale who were practitioners of management. This
9

approaches analyse all the cases of past managers and their management techniques that have
been used in operational activities. Tesco evaluate organisation past cases of management and
come to new and fresh ideas that can help in company to grow in market without falling in depth
of mess (Subramanian and Ramanathan, 2012).
Features-
Case study can be evaluate conclusion of all management experiences that occur in
Tesco.
It can be conveyed by one leader other student in order to get knowledge of operational
administration.
Such analysis can help in generalize theories by study of experience.
Uses -
Lesson by experiences used as comfortable way of knowledge. Provide help in
improving administration elements of organisation and also in study of management operation
management studies occur in college.
Limitation -
Limitation of case approaches can be identified as such approaches don't work accurately
in different situation and techniques are tangible that doesn't assure that same practice will also
work in future.
2. Science Approach -
This approach is also famous as Numerical Measurement or Mathematical Formate. This
approach use scientific methods to examine results and operational management activities in the
organisation. Every large organisation utilize this approach to get desired result and control
administration process so as Tesco (Tang and Musa, 2011).
Features -
·Help of mathematical tool for solving issues.
·Analysis of human attribute, method evaluation and decision making.
·Measure management activities.
Uses -
To manage and control management practices and is a pace process to improve and consider
administration of Tesco.
Limitation -
10