Leadership Model: Principles and Application - HCM 503

This report presents a student's assignment on developing a simple leadership model, inspired by Dr. Nicholas Coppola's 'Omnibus Model of Leadership.' The proposed '4 Constructs of Leadership' model integrates Spiritual, Individual, Cultural, and Environmental constructs. The report defines these components, explaining how they interact to achieve organizational goals, with a focus on situational and transformational leadership. The Spiritual construct emphasizes ethical principles and emotional intelligence; the Individual construct highlights transformational leadership principles; the Cultural construct underscores cultural competence; and the Environmental construct emphasizes situational leadership. The report includes a diagram illustrating the model and a healthcare scenario demonstrating its practical application, such as in an emergency situation. The student emphasizes the importance of considering various leadership elements to prevent autocratic environments, citing relevant references throughout the analysis.

Running head: LEADERSHIP MODEL
LEADERSHIP MODEL
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

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Introduction
Leadership forms the crux upon which an organization successfully achieves it objectives
and provides direction upon which its members work in harmony and unison. The concept of
leadership can be considered as the organizational strategies used by a leader or a guiding figure
for the purpose of collective fulfillment of policies and objectives (Grint, Jones & Holt, 2016).
However, as postulated by Dr. Nicholas Coppola, present day models of leadership, have been
criticized to be merely theoretical, authoritative and ignorant of the cultures of followers as well
as the need to implement spirituality as a guiding concept (Ledlow & Stephens, 2017). The
following paper will hence, aim to develop a simple model of leadership, taking insights from
the ‘Omnibus Model of Leadership’ by Dr. Nicholas Coppola, as well as additional concepts of
leadership.
Discussion
Parts of the Model
The key inspiration behind the proposed model of leadership will be the ‘Omnibus Model
of Leadership’ developed by Dr. Nicholas Coppola (Ledlow & Stephens, 2017). The proposed
model of leadership will be hypothetically named as the ‘4 Constructs of Leadership’ Model. As
the name suggests, this leadership model will consist of four major constructs or components,
primarily: Spirituality Constructs, Individual Constructs, Cultural Constructs and Environmental
Constructs.
The principle of ‘Spiritual Constructs’ highlight the need for leaders to apply higher order
principles of spirituality such as ethical principles and altruism while directing or leading their

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followers. This means that leaders must ensure that their principles are directed towards the
overall benefit of followers (beneficence) as well as prioritize the needs of the team collectively
as a whole, and not for the fulfillment of personal agenda (altruism) (Green, 2016). Additionally,
leaders must also demonstrate skills of emotional intelligence which implies that he or she must
demonstrate awareness of the emotions of himself, as well as his followers and hence, implement
strategies and improvement plans in alignment of the same (McCleskey & Berrios, 2016). The
principle of ‘Individual Constructs’ emphasize that leaders must allocate tasks to followers as per
transformational leadership principles where the competencies, skills and capabilities of the each
member will be prioritized (Mathew & Gupta, 2015). Thirdly, the principle of ‘Cultural
Constructs’ emphasizes the use of cultural competence where leaders must be sensitive to the
cultural preferences of the followers (Dauvrin & Lorant, 2015). Finally, the principle on
‘Environmental Constructs’ outline situational styles of leadership which entail that a leader
must allocate and direct followers towards implementation of duties as per the situation’s
urgency or priority (Thompson & Glasø, 2015). All of these components within the proposed
model of leadership will interact and work towards achievement of organizational goals. The
uniqueness of this model lies in its collective usage of situational, transformational, emotional
intelligence signs of leadership, where the order with which, each component is implemented, is
not fixed, but is administered as per the unique situation to be treated (Gardner & Dunkin, 2018).
For further understanding the components of the model have been outlined in the following
diagram (Figure 1).

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Interaction
The four components of the proposed leadership model will work in collaboration with
each other to achieve organizational objectives. Hence, a leader who is applying this proposed
model of leadership, must implement these four principles or ‘constructs’. Firstly, it is
recommended that the leader prioritize the benefits of his/her followers first and not only for
himself/herself (Sagnak, 2017). Adopting such altruistic, emotional awareness will then allow
application of the next construct where the leader will be able to assess the individual
competencies and skills of each followers and hence, will be able to allocate difficult or easy
tasks accordingly (Crowne et al., 2017). Application of this construct will interact with the
cultural principle of this model, which will the compel to leader to act in accordance to the
cultural perceptions of followers and ensure that his/her leadership strategies do not disrespect
the personal values of followers (Bird & Mendenhall, 2016). Finally, spiritual, individual and
IndividualConsructsEnvironmentalConstructsCulturralConstructsSprirtualConstructsFigure 1: ‘4 Constructs of Leadership’ Model.

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cultural constructs interact with the environmental construct of the model to enable leaders to
take a decision based on the situation required to be addressed (Lynch, 2015). Hence, during the
situation of an emergency, the leader may allocate important tasks to tenured followers while
during situation of quality control or feedback analysis, the leader may allocate analytical tasks
to followers proficient in data evaluation.
Application
The application of the proposed model will be expounded with the help of an example.
We will consider a situation of emergency in a healthcare organization, where a patient who has
just encountered a traumatic accident and is in needed of immediate assistance. At the same time,
this situation of emergency has occurred simultaneously when certain patients in the acute care
ward are scheduled to receive their intravenous medications. Hence, the leader of the healthcare
organization will first apply spiritual principles where he or she will administer understanding
that he or she must act in a way in which benefits every follower as well as the benefit of the
patient. Hence, using skills of emotional intelligence and transformational leadership, he will
apply individual construct principles and allocate experienced followers to manage the patient in
emergency and allocate novice or less experienced followers to the task of medication
administration. This will not only ensure quick patient recovery but will also instill confidence in
the followers to tackle future such activities with self-capability (Thomson III et al., 2016).
Additionally, the leader will ensure cultural competence by ensuring that culturally sensitive
interactions with ethnically diverse followers and ensure that they are not forced to engage in any
activity which may violate any personal or cultural preferences (Chin, Desormeaux & Sawyer,
2016). Overall, adhering to environmental constructs, the leader has to adhere to situational
leadership styles and act accordance with the situation, resulting in the leader administering

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strategies which first prioritize the emergency patient followed by those in the acute care ward
(Perna, 2016).
Alternatively, it must be noted that the application of the principles of this model may
alternate based on the existing situation. For example, during implementation of a policy
necessitating usage of cultural competence during patient and staff examination, application of
the cultural principle in the leadership model would be more plausible for the leader in this case.
Conclusion
Hence, it can be observed and implied that for optimum leadership and organizational
functioning, leadership must consider beyond merely the ideas of traditional established
theoretical perspectives and consideration of only individualized agendas to prevent an autocratic
environment and follower dissatisfaction. Hence, to mitigate the same, a simple model of
leadership has been proposed, taking primary inspiration from the ‘Omnibus Model of
Leadership’. To conclude, the proposed leadership model, derives its efficiency by focusing on
multiple components such as the environment, spirituality, cultures and followers competencies.

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Chin, J. L., Desormeaux, L., & Sawyer, K. (2016). Making way for paradigms of diversity
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