Marks and Spencer: Leadership and Management Analysis

This report delves into the critical roles of leaders and managers within an organization, using Marks and Spencer as a case study. It explores the distinct characteristics of leaders and managers, emphasizing their contributions to achieving organizational goals and objectives. The report examines how leadership and management principles are applied in various situations, highlighting the importance of employee motivation, vision setting, and effective direction. It also discusses different leadership theories, including situational and contingency approaches, and their impact on operational management. Furthermore, the report emphasizes the significance of operations management in meeting business objectives and identifies factors within the business environment that influence operational decision-making. The analysis covers planning, organizing, directing, staffing, leading, and controlling within the context of Marks and Spencer, providing a comprehensive understanding of effective leadership and management practices.

Management and Operation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
TASK 1......................................................................................................................................3
P1 Various roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.......................................3
TASK 2......................................................................................................................................5
P2 How the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in various situation....5
P3 Different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, situation
and contingency................................................................................................................6
TASK 3......................................................................................................................................6
P4 Key approach to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play6
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives...7
TASK 4......................................................................................................................................8
P6 Factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision making................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Management and operation is an appropriate and suitable identification in which
define each and every the administration business activities to improve overall quality
performance of the company and its employees. It is a process of converting rare inventory
into polished products which helps in increasing the profitability level of the company by
offering quality services to their customers and get their high spirit in impressive mode. The
main function of operation and management is to manage of the activities which is perform
with in the business to achieve its goals and objectives. It helps in assessing the overall
performance of the business and maintain the effective process in which all the organization
goals are achieved by the company in order to enhance their productivity (Operations and
Project Management (OPM), 2017). Present reports are based on Marks and Spencer, which
is biggest retail store that provide better quality products to their customers and get their
satisfaction. In this manager and leader play crucial part which aid in achieving
organizational goals and objectives. Various function of manager and leaders is mentioned in
their project. Various theories and approaches of leadership is also mentioned in their project.
Along with this, operational management and its importance is also discussed in their
assignment.
TASK 1
P1 Various roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager
Individual and administrator play important role in organizational activities in which
they carry off and track all the operations which is perform by the employees in order to
maximize the gainfulness in effective manner. In this, the leader is one person who lead and
motivate their employees so that they execute their undertaking in best manner and also
improve their productivity level in order to achieve positive outcomes in appropriate manner.
They have ability to increase motivation of the worker towards the work which helps them in
accepting all kind of challenges so that effective and beneficial solution could be drawn in
definite course of frame. Leaders play important role in Marks and Spencer to encourage
their team member’s morale so that they put their brawny attempt to get affirmative results in
suitable way which directly contribute in its occurrence at market place.
Along with this, managers also play important role in organization because they
manage all the activities which is perform within the company to achieve its goals and
objectives. They provide better direction to the employees and also monitor their
performance in order to improve their productivity. The main aim of manager is to develop
effective strategies and policies to reduce the chances of arising conflicts situation at the
workplace. They also provide better work environment to their employees so that they
perform their best and also breaking down appropriate aspects into it for gaining and
accomplishing positive positive results in most desirable manner (Babel and et.al., 2012).
They set their organizational goals to get the success. They formulate effective process for
their employees at the workplace in order to increase their profitability level at market place
and also capture larger market share from its rivals.
There are some effective points which define the better comparison between manager and
leaders which are as follows:
Managers:

Set organizational goals and objectives is one of the important work of manager.
Manager provide better policies and direction to the various department of the business so
that they perform their activities accordingly. Manager plan for the organizational benefits.
In this there are some important role of the manager within the Marks and Spencer are as
follows: Provide training: For achieve positive success, manager provide better grooming and
improvement events to their associates so that they meliorate their production in
suitable frame of reference by completing all the task in systematic manner.
 Monitoring and controlling: Manager play important role in organization to monitor
and control all the activities of the employees which contribute in developing overall
productivity of the company in effective manner.
Leaders:
On the other hand the leader formulate all the objectives in the business. Leaders provide
better path and direction to their employees to perform their work effectively. In this the
leader motivate their employees to perform their work in order to achieve their target in
appropriate manner (Bainton and et.al., 2011).
Roles of leaders: Team building: Make a team is important role of the leaders which helps in
encouraging the worker’s morale so that they put their strong as well as positive
efforts to achieve its goals and objectives.
 Require at all level: Every level of organization required leaders support in which thy
provide better direction to complete their task in effective manner. They also set some
effective policies and strategies which aid in setting the organizational goals and also
improve the performance level of employees at workplace.
Characteristic of leader and managers: Positive attitude: It is one of the important quality which have to be a part of manager
and leader’s quality so that they easily resolve all the problems and also make positive
work environment to their workers so that they achieve their target in appropriate
manner. Confident: It is important that both manager and leaders having confidence level so
that they easily enhance employee’s productivity by providing confidence level. In
absence of confidence no, one can able to achieve their target. Motivator: It is important quality of the manger and leader is to effectively motivate
their employees towards the work so that they accept all the challenges and get better
results.
 Creative: In this manager and leaders both should be creative which helps in
evaluating the effective and creative solution of any kind of problems (Dineshbabu,
Thomas and Radhakrishnan, 2012).

TASK 2
P2 How the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in various situation
Managers are essential aspects in Marks and Spencer in which they manager as well
as lead all the organizational activities in effective manner in order to achieve positive results.
Both have best ability to develop the overall performance by providing quality services to
their employees in effective manner. In organizational context, they motivate their team
members as well as employees so that they effectively manage their activities and also
resolve all the issue which arise at workplace. By supporting the manager and leader,
employees easily achieve their target in appropriate manner and improve image of the
company at market place. There is some important role of leader in different situation within
the organization are as follows: Motivate employees: Leader perform essential working in boosting the morale of their
employees toward the work so that they put appropriate efforts in order to make better
results in appropriate manner. For this they provide extra benefits to their works such
as monetary and non-monetary items which influence the employee’s performance
and also aid in developing morale in effective way (Fang and et.al., 2012). It also
helps in improving the overall execution of the worker within the system. For
example,company provide better benefits like incentives, extra payment and many
more for motivating their employees towards the work. Set vision: Leaders have best ability to set the company vision for this they asses the
employees capabilities as well as skills in which they perform their task. With the
help of this they allocate the task according to their capabilities so that they perform
effective and achieve their vision in systematic manner. For example, leaders wants to
get their future goals and objectives in appropriate time period. And also wants to see
the company at reputed place.
 Provide effective direction: Give effective path as well as direction is more important
for the leader to give the employees so that they complete their work accordingly and
get positive results for the company. With the help of this employees easily manager
work performance.
In this context, various function of managers is also important for the organizational activities
to maintain the better performance which are as follows: Planning: It is important for the manager to set their future activities in effective
manner which helps to the employees to manage it effectively. Manager also give
proper fund to the business activities so that they easily performed. For this they make
a plan in which they show they objectives and aim which helps to the employees
execute it effectively in order to achieve best results. Organizing: In this the manager of the Marks and Spencer allocate all the task to the
employees and various department as per their capabilities and abilities so that they
easily achieve their goals and objectives in systematic manner. Directing: After allocating the work, directing is also important because in absence of
this employees cannot able to achieve success. So that it is important for the manager
to give proper guidance to their employees so that they perform accordingly.

 Staffing: It is important responsibility of the manager to hire skilled and capable
employees within the business so that they perform their work easily (GAO and et.al.,
2011). It also important that they set right people at right job so that they easily
perform their task and get positive results in systematic manner. Leading: for getting desirable results, leading is more important so that the manager
provide better guidance about the goals and objectives so that employees perform
their task accordingly. With the help of this employees get encouraged and also
develop their motivation towards the work and their performance.
 Controlling: It this last situation, manager of the company compares all the outcomes
to evaluate their actual performance.
P3 Different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, situation and
contingency
Leaders and manager are important part of the company which motivate their
employees in order to perform their best and get positive results (Haimes, 2015). In this
context, there are some effective approaches of leadership which helps in improving the
overall growth of the business in effective manner which are as follows:
Situational theory: It is related to the skills and capabilities of the workers in the business
which is define in front of leaders so that they complete their work effectively and get
positive results. In this various situation are there so that it is important for the leader to the
effective process as per the situation so that they easily reduce the conflicts and motivate the
employees towards the work. In this particular theory is not used by the leaders because it is
depending on the situation. The main advantage of using this theory is to develop the
employee’s performance in appropriate manner which contribute in business success.
System leadership theory: It is more important theory in which leader find better solution to
resolve the problems in effective manner. In this the leader have best capability to resolve all
the obstacles in systematic manner. For this the leader communicate with the employees and
discussed about the problems and also provide better chance to their employees to define
their obstacles. In this they provide better direction to their employees to perform best and
attain best success (Haux and et.al., 2013).
Contingency leadership theory: This explanation is totally accompanying to the situational
hypothesis in which leader define the problems which is faced by the employees at the
workplace. It helps to the manager in decision making process. With the help of this manager
easily maintain an effective and concern working with associates of a company and other
person who perform their business activities in effective manner. It also helps in providing
better direction to the employees so that they perform their project in efficacious mode and
get better outcomes.
TASK 3
P4 Key approach to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play
Operation management is more important for the business organization for managing
and operating all the activities which helps in achieving the goals and objectives in
appropriate manner. It is related to the planning and designing process of the business in
which they operate their goods and services to ultimate users for deriving their satisfaction
level.

Approaches of operation management: There are various approaches which used by the
company to manage their process in effective manner and also increase profitability so that
customers are easily attracted. All these approaches are as follows:
Total quality management (TQM): This method defines the effective way in which all the
employees focus on the quality of the products and also increase the standard of the
operation, production so that the company easily offer quality services to their customers. It
also reduces the wastage and barriers which arise within the organization. For improve their
process training is highly required to the worker so that they well execute their activity and
get desire results.
Just- In- Time: It is important and effective methods that is related to the inventory strategies
which is used by the company to improve their performance level and also increase the
efficiency of the employees at the workplace so that they manage all the available resources
by reducing the wastage. It is also related to the demand which is forecast in systematic
manner. This method is more important to the Marks and Spencer to improve their
productivity and also improve their products quality in appropriate manner. In this manager
of the company design the production process to provide better products. One of an
appropriate consideration is to reducing the overall wastage and cost of the products and
services (Lahou and et. al., 2012).
Lean production: It is more effective and systematic methods which is used by the company
minimize the wastage of available resources in effective manner so that the company easily
produce quality products to their customers. It also eliminates the work load on the worker’s
head because with the help of this they easily develop as well as maintain the standard at the
organization and also establishes quality services to their customers in order to satisfy their
needs as per their demand and requirements. With the helps of this methods company easily
cut down their operational cost which helps in inviting large customers towards its products
and services.
Six sigma: It is one of the important approach which used by Marks and Spencer to reduce
errors and deviation in operational process which leads in improving overall performance of
the company at market place. In this use of new techniques and methods helps in achieving
long term benefits. One of the best advantage of using this approach Marks and Spencer
easily offer quality services in order to satisfy their customers in most effective manner.
Queuing: It is more important for company to maintain queuing in all the products and
services which helps in managing all the operational activities in effective manner and also
increase the satisfaction level of the customers at market place.
Continuous improvement: It is also important approach which is used by every organization
to make their production of good in most effective manner. For achieve better results it is
important for company to maintain their process in attractive manner which leads in
improving overall performance of the company.
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives
Operation management is an important activity of the business in which manager and
leader manage as well as lead all the activities in order to achieve their target in appropriate
manner. There are some effective values and importance which helps in achieving
organizational objectives in minimum time period:

 Reducing wastage: Signified well being of operation management which support in
reducing the decrements of the available root in order to develop their performance in
appropriate manner and also get positive results (Mohammadi, Mozafari and
Solimani, 2014). It also helps in reducing the production cost in in order to generates
more revenue by providing quality products to their customers in appropriate manner.
It directly contributes in increasing the profitability level of the company at market
place. To maximize the profit: By managing all operations, company can reduce its
unnecessary operational cost and use it in other areas. By doing this organization can
use its financial resources in most effective manner which can leads to high
organizational profit. Operation management helps in reducing the wastage of the
resources which directly impact on the company profitability. Reducing the wastage,
it also cut down the manufacture value which assist in enhancing the overall gain. For
eliminate the wastage company use new and advance technologies in their production
process so that they provide quality services to their customers and also maximize the
profitability (Ozaki, 2011). Customers satisfaction: It is more important for the company to satisfy their
customers by proving quality services. Marks and Spencer focus on their production
process in order to produce quality services so that they easily gain customers loyalty
and also achieve their higher satisfaction is appropriate manner.
 Improve quality standard: With the help of operation management the Marks and
Spencer easily improve their product quality and offer to the customers in order to
achieve their higher satisfaction. One of the best advantage of using this process is to
develop organizational goodwill at market place in effective manner.
TASK 4
P6 Factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision making
Business environment is not stable in nature and to assess it better understanding of
internal and external influences have to underpin for deriving beneficial judgment. Marks and
Spencer have to organize appropriate abbreviation so that effective working get done:
Internal factors: It define all these elements which exist within the business which are as
follows: Customers: Consumer are those people who buy the company products to fulfill their
needs. They also assist in improving the productivity as well as profitability of the
company in appropriate manner (Peng and et.al., 2015). It is highly important for
leaders to use those procedures, methods and techniques within workplace which will
helps company in producing high quality products so that it can provide high
customers satisfaction. Employees: Worker are those people who put their efforts to achieve organizational
goals and objectives. Employees are the backbone of the company which contribute in
organizational success in appropriate manner. Human resource are consider as most
important assets of company without them firm can not operate their functions in

most effective manner. So that it is more important for manager to make their
decision regarding workplace only after considering their needs and wants.
 Suppliers: It is important responsibility to identify the supplies who provide quality
raw martial at lowest cost so that company easily produced quality services to their
customers. So it is highly important for manager to fulfilling all the demands of
supplies otherwise company will not get most effective raw material from them.
External factors: These type of factors are outside of the concern which affect the overall
execution of the company which are as follows: Legal factors: These type of factors are defining the government in which they set
some rules and policies which have to follow by the company to maintain their
performance. These affect the decision making process of the manager so that it is
more important to consider all the legal factors in decision making. Political factors: These types of factors are continuously changed so that it is more
important for the manger to effetely identify it because it directly impact on
organizational performance (SHAO and WANG, 2013).
 Technological factors: One of an appropriate thing which need to work upon on
management is technological advancement. Marks and Spencer have to utilize
advanced technologies in their operations so that better delivery of products and
services could get done in a definite frame of course.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report, it can be concluding that management and
operation is more important for the organization to manage all the operational activities in
order to achieve higher success at marketplace in appropriate manner. In this leader and
manager also play important role to develop their performance and also enhance the
profitability level in effective way. Leader use various theories in which they enhance quality
of the workers and also develop their growth so that they work for organizational success in
more effectiveness. Along with this, operation management is also important for the business
in order to achieve its goals and objectives. In this various factors of business environment
such as internal and external directly impact on operation management. It also affects the
decision making process which take by the leader and a manager within in the company to
get better success.