Understanding and Leading Change in Organizations: A Report

This report provides a detailed analysis of leading change within organizations, focusing on the retail sector and using Sainsbury and Asda as case studies. It explores the internal and external drivers of change, comparing how these two companies respond to such drivers, examining their similarities and differences in strategies. The report evaluates the impact of these drivers on leadership, team, and individual behaviors, offering recommendations to minimize negative impacts on organizational behavior. It also includes an analysis of force fields to identify driving and resisting forces, barriers to change, and the influence of these forces on leadership decision-making. Furthermore, it discusses different leadership approaches, offering insights into effective change management strategies. The report utilizes models like Kurt Lewin's Three Phase Model and the Kubler-Ross five-stage model to provide a structured approach to understanding and managing change within organizations. The conclusion summarizes key findings and provides recommendations for successful change implementation.

UNDERSTANDING AND
LEADING CHANGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1
TASK 1.............................................................................................................................1
Part A.......................................................................................................................1
Drivers for change................................................................................................... 1
Comparison of the organizations on the basis of responses to changes.................2
Part B.......................................................................................................................4
Evaluation of change drives in organizations...........................................................4
Measures to minimize negative impacts on organizational behaviour.....................5
Recommendations and conclusions........................................................................7
TASK 2.............................................................................................................................8
Force fields for identify resisting and driving forces.................................................8
Different barriers for change..................................................................................10
Resisting and driving forces impact on leadership decision making process........10
Force field analysis used to meet organization objectives.....................................10
TASK 3........................................................................................................................... 11
Different leadership approaches............................................................................11
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................... 13
REFERENCES...............................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Understanding the need for change and leading over many challenges make
organizations successful and powerful than the others. Leading change and
apprehension supports business in meeting the situation that come with initiating an
implementing modification (Storey, 2016). During this program, organizations will
analyze change procedure and psychological, organizational issues and political climate
that generate in firm. Through understand requirement for all the changes that need in
business is very important for growth and success.
The present study defines the different driver for change in companies such as
Sainsbury and Asda. Thus, after that this report compare both organizations responded
to drivers for change and explains the differences and similarities between approaches
which company used to deal with changes. Furthermore, evaluating ways in which
internal and external factors influence team and individual behavior and leadership
behavior. This study also clarifies such measures that minimize the negative impact of
change on organization. Booths Company is also included within entire report which is
located in England. Moreover, this will justify force filed that identify driving and resisting
forces and different leadership approaches. In addition, analyze how these forces
influence leadership decision making process.
TASK 1
Part A
Drivers for change
Drivers is an internal and external force that change shapes to organization.
These changes include such points like strategy, change in plans, design new products
and services and operations management functions (Clemons, Jin and Koh, 2016).
Capabilities, inventions, desire are the internal factors that modify the entire business
environment. On the other side Customers, Competitors, investors, human resource
and government are externals drivers for change organization functions and activities.
All these factor effect Sainsbury and Asda organization.
Sainsbury is the largest supermarket in UK that run their business successful.
The give 16.9% share of supermarket sector that make their reputation in market.
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Numbers of workers give their effective work performance in the company that generate
profit. On the other side Asda is a British supermarket retailers that founded in 1949.
They provide fresh grocery products, clothing, home appliances and financial services.
There are such drivers that changes the both organizations functions-
 Customers: Consumers are the most important part of successful business.
Sainsbury has connected with large number of consumers through offers good
quality products (Kickul and Lyons, 2016). Customers are one of the major
drivers that force organization to make changes in its facilities and services. On
the other side they also influence on Asda business as well. Asda provide online
food shopping facility to clients which make them comfortable and satisfied. But
some time customer does not get the accurate products which they want that
impact on company growth and success. Thus, for that firm make changes in
their services and facilities.
 Investors: Investors is a person or other entity who invest their money in
business with the expectation of receiving good financial returns. Sainsbury is the
second biggest supermarket in UK, with the support of many investors. They get
impact on their business in positive and negative manner which directly effect on
financial budgets (Canterino, Cirella and Shani, 2018). Asda stake holders give
their support through invest their money or share in its business, just to make it
successful. But on the other side they make influence on their services and
production activity.
 Government: Government is the most major driver that make changes in the
organizations and business. Sainsbury run their firm by following company law
and policies. But sudden change in laws make pressure over the functions and
structure of organization. Asda expand their services into south of England which
they need to follow some rules and trading policies. Changes in that policy
impact on their trading and supply procedure.
Comparison of the organizations on the basis of responses to changes
Similarities
As both companies Asda and Sainsbury's deals in retailing business so their
responses to the changes will be quite similar (Hillson and Murray-Webster, 2017). In
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order to respond to the changes both the companies have developed their technical
standards of their businesses to tackle the changes. Asda and Sainsbury’s have
improved their managerial efficiency in order to improve its business operations. As
both the organisations has almost same vision and goals which are to be achieved by
responding to the changes (Hughes, 2016). Both the organisation is responding the
changes by understanding the customers’ needs and offering the products and services
as per the needs. Both companies deal with the changes by improving their business
strategies and their marketing plan in order to respond to the changes.
Differences
Bases Asda Sainsbury's
Customers Asda respond to the
changes by providing best
services to the customers
by focusing on their needs
and gaining information
through feedback.
Sainsbury's is responding to
the changes by using
different approaches such
as providing offers in order
to attract the customers.
Competitors Asda is making changes in
the business strategies
which are effective to face
the competition and gain
the competitive advantage.
Sainsbury's is goes for
product differentiation
strategy in prder to gain the
competitive advantage in
order to respond to the
change.
Government Asda is responding to the
change by following the
policies and procedure of
the government (Laszlo and
Cescau, 2017).
Sainsbury's responds to
such changes by adopting
government policies and
procedure which are really
important for the
organization.
Investors Asda is focuses on the
customers’ needs and
Sainsbury's focuses on the
consumer beliefs and
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demands and makes
changes in their products
which suits best for the
investors. This process will
increase their share margin.
values in order to respond
to the change as the
organization believes it is
the best way to gain profit
and increase financial
budgets.
Part B
Evaluation of change drives in organizations
Internal Drivers of Change
Leadership Behaviours: It is evident that leadership gets affected from several
intrinsic causes such as change in plans or designing of strategies to promote their
product or service along with operational activities to perform any task or manufacturing
product (Doppelt, 2017). Here, both Asda and Sainsbury's must have good leaders to
make the business environment smooth and hassle free to run the operations in orderly
modes as retailing industry's shelf lives gets changed at instant rates.
Team Behaviours: This aspect is essential in evaluating the modifications or
planning of any strategic decisions for the overall development of organization's working
practices. Thus, Asda and Sainsbury's major focus is on developing collaborative spirit
to bring the best outcomes by optimising the available resources.
Individual Behaviours: This is in relation to an employee's perspective towards
the organizational goals and objectives. Both retailing companies are into number
games and have focus on revenues' management and profits generation, and
henceforth, they have adopted techniques and tolls like incentives, promotion, special
facilities and provisions to gain their taskforce trust (Richards, 2015).
External Drivers of Change
Leadership Behaviours: This involves factors like work ethics, cultural values
and deeply influences the environment of organisations like Asda, Sainsbury's. The
leaders must know how to use the individuals' belief systems for their attainment of
goals in proficient manner.
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Team Behaviours: It is one of the important components that infers good
communication skills and proper allocation of responsibilities to maintain the
performance management and helps in motivating the team members in companies like
Asda, Sainsbury's effectively.
Individual Behaviours: Factors like sociocultural aspects and economic
background sometimes affect the workings while working in retailing sector like Asda,
Sainsbury's (Mohrman, O'Toole and Lawler III, 2017). Henceforth, the administration
must use tools like change management in the structure or salaries to improve the
employees' engagement.
Measures to minimize negative impacts on organizational behaviour
Any change is unwelcome and need to be established among the taskforce in
proper sequence. Employees might feel discouraged or demotivated in context to any
changes and would result in unwarranted behaviour. In this regard the management
must try to implement a strategic planning which executing the modifications. Here, Kurt
Lewin’s Three Phase Model must be considered to understand the needs and overall
progression in organization such as Sainsbury’s (Rong, Shi and Guo, 2015). This model
would support in transitional steps by ensuring productive behavioural approaches.
 Unfreeze: Unfreeze where the evaluation of what must be changed is included
to ensure proper support from all the Sainsbury's staff, personnel and others.
 Change: Change where communication and empowered actions are necessary
to facilitate people with effective channels for interacting and collaborating to
overcome any barriers while implementing any changes.
 Refreeze: Refreeze assists in anchoring the changes in accordance with cultural
changes and aid in developing ways to overcome the changes with bringing
stability in all aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to apply these three factors in
Sainsbury to use this model in removing the negative influence on the
employees' mind-sets.
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Kubler-ross five stage model
Denial, bargaining, acceptance, depression and anger are the part of framework
that makes up business learning stronger (Webb, 2017). This tools helps Asda identify
and frame business environment according to employee's feeling during the changes in
workplace.
 Denial: Asda Company make some changes in their management structure and
business function or process that directly influence on employee's behaviour and
culture. Regarding with these change workers give their negative respond and
they deny for adopt all these changes in workplace. Employee's pace their
feeling of grief that help firm to understand.
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Illustration 1: Components of Kurt Lewin’s
Three Phase Model
(Source: Hattangadi, 2016)

 Anger: Anger is the second stage of healing procedure that show employees
anger for changes by drivers. Asda make some modification in their business
which they apply in workplaces (Moxen and Strachan, 2017). Their workers do
not except these changes because it impacts on their entire performance. Staff
reflects their emotion which they mostly used to managing anger in the
organization.
 Bargaining: Before loss in business organization use their barraging power to
deal with its potential employee's for reducing their anger and make them
comfortable in workplace. In this stage after showing anger and deny for
adopting change workers give get agreed with some point. They compromise
and help Asda to run their business with these changes.
 Depression: Depression gets low down the ability and morale of employee's that
directly impact on their work performances. Thus, after compromise workers still
feel depressed for all the changes which have been held by Asda.
 Acceptance: Acceptance is the most important stage where individuals get
ready and except all the changes (Brones, de Carvalho and de Senzi Zancul,
2017). Everything doing be okay at this time that is helpful for the Asda to
develop business more and more through making some modification.
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Illustration 2: Kubler-Ross's five stages
(Source:Kubler-Ross’s Five Stages, 2018)

Recommendations and conclusions
Conclusion-
The present section conclude various drivers impact on organizations and
business functions. Firm make changes in their work and structure on the bases of
drivers that effect its employee's that directly influence on their work performance and
low down their morale. Asda resolve this issue by creating new plans and make
different strategies which boost up workers interest more over than now. Sainsbury's
also give their efforts to make an effective team which help them to run their business
smoothly. Organization applies such techniques and try to understand the needs and
demand of staff that build their relationship stronger.
Recommendations and Justification
Sainsbury need to understand employee's need that is very helpful for them
during some changes which impact on their business. They want to promote its services
and products by making new and unique strategies that increase their profitability and
productivity. Asda also do some efforts and make their decisions according to the
situations which is beneficial for their business and employee's as well. Thus, to
improve business reputation and position in market firm has to create innovative and
unique ideas that support to develop its business more than another.
TASK 2
Force fields for identify resisting and driving forces
Force field analysis is designed to measure restraining and driving forces that
impact change in companies. It provides a proper framework includes such factors that
affect business situations and organization functions. Most of the firms use this tool in
its business to make their decisions and communicate with their employee's. Force field
helps to drive forces towards their goals and blocking actions towards an aim. Thus, to
manage difficult conditions and resolve issue between workers which has been
developed by changes in organization force filed should be adopt (Force Field Analysis:
A key to driving organizational change, 2018). Booths Company apply this tool in
making their decision or to manage their relationship with employees. Force field
analysis
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Driving change in organization
Driving forces affect condition that are pressuring in particular direction that
support firm to state its goal and objectives. Booth continuously make changes in their
business function and activities according to change in customers’ demands, beat
competitors and suppliers needs which directly impact on its profitability and productivity
(Hattangadi, 2016). Thus, to run business smoothly changes is necessary that support
company to build strong relation with employees. They make new strategies and plans
which help them to make an effective team and improve its work performance that
increase profit and improve products and service quality.
Restraining change in company
Restraining forces acting to decrease or restrain driving force that includes
hostility, apathy and poor maintenance in employee's relation. This force occurs at
changes in consumer's needs, market and business environment that increase or
decrease business profit. Booths face many problems which create difficult situations in
workplaces (Moxen and Strachan, 2017). Thus, company require driving force more
than restraining because it is much stronger than it.
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Illustration 3: Force Field Analysis
(Source: Force Field Analysis: A key to driving organizational change, 2018)

Different barriers for change
Changing Government policy: Changes in government policies and laws is the
biggest barriers that impact on organization entire business function. Booths give their
effective work performance according to changes which is very difficult to do.
Business Competitors: New entrants or company in business market make
difficult situations for Booths. Competitors enter in marketplace within having different
strategies and make plans that make barriers in the growth of organization business.
Change products costs: Understanding customers need and preferences is the
most important things which has to be understand by Booths. Thus, changes in clients
demands directly impact on product prices because if they do not satisfied with the
services they get switched to the other organization goods which create difficulty for firm
(Rong, Shi and Guo, 2015). Therefore, company need to make such changes in their
pricing policies.
Resisting and driving forces impact on leadership decision making process
Booth make changes in their business function and activities such as make plans
to beat competitors, change prices or products cost etc, that help to drive their business
in new way. Thus, according to these changes it impacts on firm leader decision making
process, they need to make strong which help to give their effective work performance.
They have to give employee's proper training that help to develop their skills and
increase knowledge. The entire process help organization to run business effectively
and efficiently.
Resisting force is the opposite side of driving forces, it affects business growth
and success. Thus, for that Booths leader or manager need to focus on employee's
needs and customers demand. They have to make some plans or strategies which help
them to resistance clients for long time. They need to remove all the barriers that impact
on productivity and profitability. Rising competitors is one of the biggest barriers that
resisting business downward that is the disadvantage for organization. Leaders make
their decisions to resolve the problems and plan strong workforce through training and
development.
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