Change Management Report: Leadership Approaches in Organizations

This report provides an analysis of organizational change, focusing on Tesco and Marks & Spencer. It compares the effects of change on the strategies and operations of these organizations, examining various internal and external drivers. The report assesses the impact of these drivers on leadership, individual, and team behavior, while critically analyzing the long-term implications. Furthermore, it evaluates measures to minimize negative impacts of change on organizational behavior, explains different barriers to change, and determines how these influence leadership decision-making. The report also applies a range of leadership approaches to a change initiative, highlighting the importance of adapting leadership styles to effectively manage change within organizations and achieve desired outcomes.

UNDERSTANDING AND
LEADING CHANGE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Comparing organizational change to know the effect of change on its strategy and operations.3
Various drivers for change and the types of organizational change they have affected..............5
Analysing the internal and external drivers to change in the impact of leadership, individual
and team behaviour......................................................................................................................5
Critically analyse the long term implications of internal and external drivers of change in the
organization.................................................................................................................................6
Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimize negative impacts of change on organizational
behaviour.....................................................................................................................................7
Explain different barriers for change and determine how they influence leadership decision-
making.........................................................................................................................................8
Force-field analysis......................................................................................................................8
Applying a range of leadership approaches to a change initiative..............................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Understanding and leading change refers to the fact that is used for assisting the
individuals or group of individuals in an organization to overcome the barriers in developing or
initializing the business. The business environment is dynamic and not rigid which makes it
difficult for the firms to identify the problems (Scholl and et.al., 2018). The problems need to be
properly identified for success of the firm in the long run. Following report will be based on two
organizations, namely Tesco and Marks and Spencer. Tesco is a British multinational retailer of
groceries and general products. Whereas Marks and Spencer is the organization that is related to
the selling of beauty products, home products and selling of merchandise.
The report will discuss on the variety of issues, effect of the change on the strategy and
operations of the organization, influence of causes of change on the organizational behaviour and
what are the impacts of the changes on leadership decision-making. The report will include the
explanation of different leadership styles used to make the change in the project. Further, the
different leadership approaches that the organizations uses to properly manage the change in the
business will also be discussed in the report.
MAIN BODY
Comparing organizational change to know the effect of change on its strategy and operations
Organizational change is a process that organizations follow in order to fulfil their goals
and objectives. In the need to fulfilling these goals, it is essential for the businesses to create a
plan which is effective in order to complete the work successfully. The environment of the
business keeps on changing and is termed as dynamic but not rigid (Onia, 2022). This results in
the importance for the firms to recognize the needs and demand to introduce and apply policies
and strategies to make the business successful. On the basis of the size, nature and capacity of
the business, its operations are decided. In order to create a brand image and increase
productivity, Tesco focus on offering its customers with cheaper prices that can attract the
customers. The company can increase satisfaction among its customers by motivating their
employees in order to work to fulfil the needs of the customers. On the other hand, Marks and
Spencer is the organization that focus on maximizing the satisfaction among its customers and do
everything in order to earn their loyalty. They always provide services to its customers that make
them feel attached to the firm. Certain techniques are adopted by the firms like Tesco and Marks
and Spencer and following is the comparison between the two:

Strategy
Tesco – Tesco is the firm that operates in order to fulfil the goals effectively and achieve
customer satisfaction. It was essential for the company to identify the marketing mix and the
company was engaged in introducing farm based products. The customers who were conscious
about the prices offered by the company got help by this policy of the company. Earlier, when
the rebranding was not done the baskets of the product was found to be very costly. The
company changed the prices of some products which increased the customer satisfaction and also
increased sales for some products.
Marks and Spencer – Marks and Spencer went in a major change where it introduced
the facility of online business and a facility of home deliver. Many of its products went online
and gave the customers this chance to buy products online. The home delivery facility allowed
the customers to directly order the products at home. This is the reason of fast growth in the
company and it is believed that this transformation brought about a major success medium for
the organization. Marks and Spencer is focusing more on deceasing the operation costs as well as
other costs that act as a barrier for achieving the objectives effectively. The company focus on a
particular segment of customers which allowed it to gain customer loyalty. Moreover, it also
made techniques that controlled the waste in the company which can further attract the
customers.
Operations
Tesco – The company focused on reducing the time the customers take in order to
purchase the products. In order to reduce the queues in the shops of the company, the company
used the techniques like self checkouts so that to meet the changing environment demands.
People often wants to spend as much less time possible in the shops and want that their shopping
is completed fast. The advancement in the technology has the ability to increase customer
satisfaction and fulfil the ever growing needs of the customers.
Marks and spencer – the organization of marks and spencer is engaged in increasing its
customer base and satisfaction among its customers by continuously changing the structure and
transforming in a totally new structure. This can be done by reducing the dependencies on the
customers and increasing the dependency on different roles in the organization. Also, it can
achieve with the helps of recognizing the leadership styles and increase customer satisfaction.

Variety of changes that happened in the two organizations of marks and spencer and Tesco can
be analysed with the help of Pestle analysis. Political factors plays a major role in it like political
stability in the country can direct impact the sales which is a major concern for the business.
Economic factors like the taxation and interest rates can allow the company to make policies on
the pricing of the product. Social factors like customer satisfaction is required to be taken care of
the company (Wong and et.al., 2019). Environmental factors like waste management techniques
along with the legal factors like different laws and legislatures prevailing in the country can
bring about many changes in the organizations.
Various drivers for change and the types of organizational change they have affected
There are variety of factors like advancement in the technology, consumer needs and
preferences and different rules and regulations etc. which influences the change in the two
organizations of marks and spencer and Tesco. For example: the company of Tesco has
introduced techniques like self scan checkouts from the stores and this can increase customers
satisfaction. Whereas in order to maintain good position and competitive edge in the market, the
company of Marks and Spencer has brought about many changes in the waste management
methods to reduce the overall wastage which can further attract the customers.
Analysing the internal and external drivers to change in the impact of leadership, individual and
team behaviour
There is the significant impact of the internal and external factors on the success and
failure of the business. In order to become successful, the business should require adapting to
different factors while the leaders are not able to control the external factors (Heinz and Fleming,
2019). The internal factors that that affect the firms have major control over the executives and
owners of the company. In order to become successful, the business should know how to handle
the different situations including the internal and external factors. External factors includes the
political, legal, environmental and other factors. The performance of the organization depends
upon how the company faces these factors. There should be effective communication between
the leaders and the workers for effective functioning of the business. Both the companies and the
team will be benefited from the leading change. In order to become the world's largest
supermarket chain, Tesco has adopted various methods and techniques. The transformation
contributes majorly to the internal and external factors:

Leadership effect – The leaders of Tesco can easily achieve the performance standard
and can motivate its team members which will further drive the company to a major success. The
company can execute the change by transforming the leadership style from democratic
leadership style to authoritarian style of leadership.
Team behaviour effect – Changing drivers brings about a change in the behaviour of the
team and the overall performance of the company (Finn and Feldhaus, 2021). There is a greater
need to increase the productivity of the company and a need for the leaders to function properly.
The employees should focus greatly on the change and should follow what is being assigned to
them by their leaders. The new situation should bring about a change in the overall strategies of
the company which can be done by the managers.
Individual behaviour effect – The Exchange in the company can impact on the
performance of the employees and the employer. There can be lack of motivation among the
employees towards the company. The behaviour of the employees plays a major role in the
proper functioning of the business because the employees are the greatest asset. With the
changing environment there can be a negative impact on the employees. This should be taken
care by the company so that it can increase its overall profitability.
Critically analyse the long term implications of internal and external drivers of change in the
organization
The analysis of the internal and external factors is discussed below:
Customer value creation – The company can create customer value in the organization
in order to increase the long term profitability (Lojpur, Radević and Martinović, 2021).
Customer base expanding – Focusing on particular groups the company can increase
the customer base and attract new as well as existing customers.
Competition – There is increase in the competition which made it possible for the
company. It can adopt differentiation technique that will allow it to differentiate its product from
other brands.

Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimize negative impacts of change on organizational
behaviour.
 it is critically analysis the impact with the help of the PEST analysis which shows in the
context of both the organizations in which it also highlighted the drivers of the change
that majorly affect the external environment. These aspects show the critical ability
which has an impact upon the creating such john issues which are creating an obstacle
between running the business and also shows to gain a competitive advantage as well
(Dobbins, and et.al., 2018). Although, it shows the fluctuations which are towards the
political, social, technological and social factors which are leading with the changes and
also affecting the business criteria. There is the way in which it is also affecting the
change towards the decision-making process which is highlighting the way to be more
stable. It also shown that the digitalization is the main kind in which it will considered as
the biggest drivers and also affecting the business.
 it also highlighted that the changes in such external environment are majorly influences
the business performance level in the company. It also has a concept in which is
influencing the business performance level in which it could be able to know the concept
as well. It is essential for both the businesses to be more attentive towards the changes
which are going to be in their company. It also shows the biggest differences in which it
used in the demands and also have an original products and services which are offered by
the businesses as well. It also needs to satisfy the needs of the customers on the basis of
the changes, that are also very necessary to increase the business productivity. These are
the activities which helps the organization which will able to grow and also generating
the better-quality performance which are helping in the development of the business.
 it also shows that there is the way in which the business is leading towards the change
with the total significance in which it will formulate the change and also in the decision-
making process of the Tesco (Galvin and et.al., 2018). It also shows that the political
environment of the UK, may have a change with the sudden changes and also have a
different nation that are help in the organisation in which it is undertaking the different
operations. This is a way in which it needs to be analysis the different situation and also
preparing the proper solutions which helps to gain a competitive advantage. Also, there
are the changes which are having a trend and also creating a major impact on the Marks

and Spencer. There is the way in which it is reducing the performance of the business and
also increasing the business competitive environment as well. It also needs to have a
success which is creating a positive impact on the business.
Explain different barriers for change and determine how they influence leadership decision-
making
There is the different barrier of change which are follows:
Ineffective communication- this is counted as a biggest reason in which it shows that the
Mark and spencer are not able to for bringing the different type of the changes which is
reflecting for the betterment of the organization. It also shows that there will not be a
communication gap otherwise this will create an impact upon the business in a very negative
way (Griffith, Baur and Buckley, 2019). This will clearly create the misunderstanding between
the employees and also creates a conflict between them. Although, employees need to be aware
about the changes which can affect them and also implemented by the organization and creates a
negative impact on the organization as well.
Lack of clear definition- this is the biggest barrier in which it shows that there are ethe
implementation in the changes of Mark and spencer. This barrier is creating a problem in which
company needed to be understand about the changes and also it is creating a future picture which
is affecting the business as well. Although, it will not have an understanding between the
employees and do not know the addressing way between them which can change the
effectiveness.
Ineffective leadership -this is also a biggest barrier in which it is occurring the changes
while it is implementing it. Also, if the organization have a better leadership, it will help as well
as support the company as well. It will support and guide the employees for making appropriate
changes and also gain the positive outcome as well. There are the major needs to be a proper
leadership within the mark and spencer and also helps to motivate the employees and
implementing such changes which encourage the employees for the betterment.
Force-field analysis
Driving forces Resisting forces
Marketing- it is counted as a same aspect in Operations- there are the different operational

which it will help to adapt the changes in
which it is related to the marketing strategies
as well. Also, Mark and spencer are the one
who are the biggest grocery retailer and also
having a large supermarket chain over there. It
will reflect the organization in a strong manner
in which it will adapt the different changes
which are related to the business.
activity in which it shows that the company
may have an inappropriate operation which
shows that it has an insufficient resource that
also has failed operate into the different
countries as well.
Customers wants- Mark and Spencer are the
one who are more focussed into the
innovations which give a proper preference to
the customers and also creates a different
demand which will highlight the basic needs as
well.
Technology- Mark and Spencer are the one
who have a highest knowledge for
implementing such technologies which will
help the business to be more productive as
well. Also, there are the changes which are
already adapted by the company which is
reflecting the business in very effective
manner. This change is considering with the
best driving factor of the company.
Applying a range of leadership approaches to a change initiative
Leadership approach which has followed by the Mark and Spencer:
it is adapted by the Mark and Spencer in which it is dealing with the different changes which are
happening in the business.
Democratic approach- this approach is simply shows that change in which it is
providing the approaches and also providing the information which are about the current change
also have a negative impact on the business (Li, Bonn and Ye, 2019). It is also important

approach which are used by the business and also the employees which are leading with the
change.
Situational approach- by adapting this approach it needs to be specify the companies
work performance as well as to leading with the success in the business. It shows that there is the
different approach in which it forms a different type of the approaches which are suitable for the
business as well.
Behavioural approach- this is a type of the approach in which it is dealing with the
different form of the business in which the employees who are working with the organization as
well. It also helps the organization to be more productive towards the behaviour of the team
members and the organization as well. It has a different form of the working in which it shows
the different ways that are needs to be perform in a different way as well. There are the huge
changes which are affecting the businesses as well.
The mentioned approaches are the one which are important for growth of the business in
which Mark and Spencer which deals with the changes and also these approaches are very
effective.
The organization is adapting the different kind of the approaches in which it needs to be
motivate the employees and also provides the different services to the customers. Also, there are
the different approaches which will simply allow the company to be more attentive towards the
organizational roles and responsibilities. Although, it needs to be specified the needs which are
affecting the business approaches in which it shows the Mark and Spencer which are evaluating
in the different kind of the process which are used by the company to be more effective.
Models of effective organizational change-
Kubler Ross change curve model
by following these types of changes are frequently adding in the business which highlighted the
different type of nature with the emotional responses as well
denial- this stage has a clearly decreases the productivity of the employees with its
defence mechanism. Also, it is allowing the different criteria’s which are completing with the
different expectations as well.
Anger- there are the different changes which are becoming the out of control in which it
shows the different anger comes between the employees as well.

Bargaining- it shows that there is the different way in which it comes at the anger stage
in which it involves the situation which pretend the employees to be more productive.
Depression- this age has shown that the employees are the one who may lose the hopes
and also increases the demotivation in the employees are comes with the depression (Medrano
and et.al., 2021).
Acceptance- in this stage it shows that the employees are the one who accepts the
changes which need to be move towards the new opportunities which are creating the outcome
for the business.
Kotter’s change model
 by creating the sense of the urgency, it needs to believe that increasing the improvement
into the customer are necessary for the organization with the different power as well.
 Also, forming up the different power culture are the way which helps the management to
be more attentive towards making the team as well.
 Creating a different kind of the culture it shows that there is the way in which it needs to
generate the new visions which will be very clear (Saho, Paddy and Dhar, 2020).
 Communicate the vision in the very effective manner as well.
 By empowering the charges which will create a different organizational structure also
needs to be avoid the barriers which are creating a risk.
 Short term wins are the one which company needs to be focus on that also, that need to
be increased the performance level as well.
 By consolidating the organizational behaviour, it needs to be had a proper change which
brings the improvement as well (Scholl and et.al., 2018).
Effectiveness of the change management models-
Kubler Ross model are clearly allows the employees to be more effectives as well as to
maintain the certain stage which are important for the business to increase the productivity as
well. This is important because the employees are the one who feels the acknowledgement which
shows the work journey (Pearse, 2019). If there are the different models are the one which are
applied to the business and also creates a connectivity into the employees.
Kotter's steps change the way in the employees which brings more enthusiasm and also
guided them with the different changes which are effective. There is an advantage of this but it
needs to be very specified with the group changes and also gets the feedback according to the

employees. There is the way in which it does not required any kind of the step which generates
the feedback which are creating a disadvantage.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been concluded that, Changes are necessary in the organizations
which plays a huge role into the performance and development of the organization. There are the
different kind of the methods in the business environment in which it leading with the changes
which are essential to improve and grow the business. There is need to make the different kind of
changes in which it need to be deal into the business. It has been mentioned that there is the
negative impact as well or have positive and also it helps to mitigated the way in which it
explains the different environment of the business which helps to enhances the business's
performance with sustainable change. The current report has shown about the business growth of
the Morrisons and Asda which are one of the popular organizations. The report has been
concluded the external environment with the organization in which it helps of the PEST analysis
of the changes with the several ways. Further, it has been shown that, it is very important for the
business to be more productive and needs to make a proper team. Lastly, it will evaluate the
appropriate models which are used to undertake and reduce the impact of the changes.