Leading Change and Organisational Impact: A Detailed Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leading change within an organisational context, using Marks and Spencer as a case study. It explores the impact of change on an organisation's strategy and operations by comparing Marks and Spencer with John Lewis Partnership. The report delves into internal and external drivers of change, such as organisational culture, employee morale, political, economic, social, and technological factors, and their effects on leadership, team, and individual behaviours. It evaluates strategies to minimise the negative impacts of change, including the PDCA model. Furthermore, the report examines barriers to change and their influence on leadership decision-making, and it applies various leadership approaches to manage change effectively. The report concludes with a discussion of how different leadership styles can be employed in change management scenarios.

Understanding and
Leading Change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.............................................................................................................................3
TASK1.......................................................................................................................................3
P1 Compare different organisational examples where there has been an impact of change
on an organisation’s strategy and operations.........................................................................3
TASK2.......................................................................................................................................6
P2 Evaluate the ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership,
team and individual behaviours within an organisation.........................................................6
P3 Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on
organisational behaviour........................................................................................................7
TASK3.......................................................................................................................................9
P4 Explain different barriers for change and determine how they influence leadership
decision-making in a given organisational context................................................................9
TASK4.....................................................................................................................................11
P5 Apply different leadership approaches to dealing with change in a range of
organisational contexts.........................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................13
REFRENCES...........................................................................................................................14
Books and Journals..............................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Over the years, every single organisation is looking forward to sustain in the market
through bringing changes in their existing operations. Therefore, it can easily be said that
changes are important for an organisation when it comes to sustain in the market and to give
competition to rivals. Making an effective change in the existing policies or operations of the
organisation and leading it to the end cover the desired goal is achieved is something that
may help a company to improve its market share in the industry and which it is performing
the business (Flanding, Grabman, and Cox, 2018. The company that has been taken into
consideration is Marks and Spencer to understand the change and how it impacts on the
company in different ways. Also, this report will be focusing on the range of ways through
which external and internal drivers impact on leadership and team behaviour of an
organisation. Away with this, report will also put light on various measures that are
specifically being taken into consideration in order to reduce the negative impact of
alterations which has been made in organisation behaviour along with areas for changes as
well that carries major influence on decision making and leadership. Lastly there will be
discussion that is going to take place of leadership approaches that can be undertaken are
utilised in order to imply change management in the organisational context.
MAIN BODY
TASK1
P1 Compare different organisational examples where there has been an impact of change on
an organisation’s strategy and operations
The primary goal of an organisation is to achieve the different range of goals and
objectives for a particular a m that is to improve sustainability in the market and also to
enhance market share. it has been observed that reading with changes is the only way to do so
for an organisation like Marks and Spencer and the reason that came in front is continuous
improvement and competitiveness in the market. In order to identify the impact of change on
an organisation’s strategy and operations there is a comparison that has been undertaken in
two major competitors (Marks and Spencer and John Lewis Partnership) of the market is
performed underneath:
Basis Marks & Spencer John Lewis Partnership
Structure Circle organisational structure
is specifically being taken into
consideration by Marks and
Spencer in order to conduct
different functions and
activities linking with the
operations (Groen, 2017 ).
John Lewis basically uses
hieratical structure while
operating business among
different areas. With the help
of this, John Lewis partnership
management become able to
successfully communicate all

The particular structure carries
a range of stages and divided
based on the work and
objectives which are
formulated by the organisation
there tasks are performed
accordingly in order to achieve
that particular goal. The
categories are divided in three
different segments and these
are top, lower and middle
level, which helps the
management of Marks and
Spencer to take right decisions
in correct time which can be
implemented by the
organisation in much effective
and efficient manner. This also
helps in taking quick decisions
because departments are
divided among three different
levels which helps
management to improve
possibilities of taking right
decisions.
the goals and vision of the
company among different
management level which helps
them in reducing chances in
relation with misunderstanding
and also it helps in boosting
the productivity of individuals
through reducing the conflicts
that may take place within the
organisation. the organisation.
Strategies It is much needed for Marks
and Spencer to bring changes
within the structure, because it
is may be possible that this
organisation may not get
effective results for a longer
period of time if they do not
bring modifications in the
existing structure. It has been
observed that, bringing
modifications within the
existing structure that has been
considered by Marks and
Spencer, organisation may
effectively reduction among
different problems like
conflicts among individuals
John Lewis, which is a
competitor of Marks and
Spencer it can be said that
there will be no requirement of
making any sort of alterations
among the existing structure
that has been undertaken by
company because it was
already delivering appropriate
results to the management
(Shoval and Sharir, 2019 ).
However, there will be a need
of delivering training sessions
to staff members for their own
betterment and for improving
bi existing productivity and
profitability level.

and so on and also this will
lead to improve
communication as well.
Operations Execution of right structure
inside Mark and Spencer will
straightforwardly alter its tasks
and will prompt changes in them
(Amukongo, 2020. Under this
association possesses to utilize
the base energy for settling on
choices and utilizing the evasion
of dubious circumstance which
can emerge struggle inside the
association.
There are number of changes
inside the administration of
association while actualizing the
level structure of chain of
hierarchical in setting of existing
structures. Utilizing this
structure in association will help
in improving representative
commitment, profitability, least
wastage and accomplishing the
objectives and targets in an
appropriate way by joining them
as indicated by the necessities of
the current market (Byers,
2017).
TASK2
P2 Evaluate the ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team
and individual behaviours within an organisation.
In present time, there are both internal and external drivers of change that may impact
on team, leadership and individual behaviour in an organisation and some of these internal
and external drivers of change that has affected Marks and Spencer are discussed underneath:
Internal factors: some of the crucial internal factors like organisational culture,
employee morale and so on which can be considered as internal drivers of change and has
majorly affected individual behaviour, team and leadership of Marks and Spencer are
presented underneath:
Organisational culture: Marks and Spencer is an organisation which follows a
culture that specifically promotes alterations within the existing operations. It has been found
that this type of culture has brought the organisation to a position where they keep on

developing strategies in relation with change management. This helps them in changing the
attitude of staff members towards the alterations that has been made by them.
Employee morale: Another crucial internal driver of change that has affected Marks
and Spencer in different ways where it is helpful for the company to deliver appropriate
services to the customers based on their requirements. It has been found that if employee
moral would stay low immature at the time of serving to the customers then it is may be
possible that this may impact negatively on productivity of organisation (Lewis, Williams
and Baker, 2020).
External factors: Some of the other external key drivers to change in relation with Marks
and Spencer are presented underneath:
Political factors: These are said to be the major key drivers to change of external
environment which include change is inside the association which happen because of world
of politics of country and changes under it. In setting of Marks and Spencer, association is
managing in the market of United Kingdom where there is political conviction. This is useful
to association in improving its management level and structure as well just as working proper
way so it can lessen the negative effects by working as per the necessities and prerequisites of
political government of this nation.
Economic factor: These are said to be the factors that are significant for association
which incorporates charge rates intrigued compensation rates strategies and numerous
different capacities which are identified with monetary conditions. In setting of Marks and
spencer, monetary state of the climate is consistently changing which will affect on the
presentation level of representatives (Smith, 2020 ).
Social factor: These are some of the crucial factors or key drivers to change they are
required by association to keep up the possible clients inside the market just as utilizing
suitable advancement choice. In setting of Marks & Spencer, association can utilize social
components in arrangement and driving the progressions inside the business where it is
operating.
Technological factors: Technology another external drivers to change that aid
organisation in boosting the profitability along with the productivity as well by giving great
quality items and administrations to the clients. Under this, Marks and Spencer as to offer
powerful quality types of assistance to the clients so that structure can accomplish its goals
and keep an effective and distinctive image in front of the customers and also meet the
requirements of current market as well in order to sustain for a longer period of time and to
give good rivalry to rivals (Yliperttula, 2017 ).
P3 Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on
organisational behaviour
in order to minimise the negative impacts of change on organisational behaviour there
is particularly crucial model which is majorly undertaken. The model is PDCA Model, which
is explained underneath:

Plan: Primal phase of the PDCA Model where identification of a particular problem
is specifically done and also planned by the management of an organisation to reduce its
impact and to bring changes as well within the existing policies and procedures followed by
the company. These strategies are directly linked to the opportunities for resolving the issues.
In context of marks and spencer, organisation is going to identify the opportunities which can
be helpful to the form and developing appropriate function to minimise the negative impacts
of changes in a successful way.
Do: Second phase of the PDCA Model is Do, where it is identified with assessment of
right arrangement and assisting it with creating proper framework in association. Marks and
Spencer will be utilising a suitable assessment of techniques where a legitimate arrangement
will be created. This arrangement will comprise about progress in the special exercises of the
association by utilizing viable preparing and improvement meetings so that better outcomes
can be accomplished in successful manner (Sharififard. and Opong, 2019 ).
Check: This is considered to be the third phase of the model where identification
takes place of those exercises and methodologies which are executed by the association. This
is a check of legitimacy of various association just as investigation of expected results as per
the necessities and prerequisites of change. In setting of imprints and spencer, association
will likewise use to distinguish the online media presence in the market thinking about the
recent concerns of progress inside the exercises.
Act: It is the last age in this cycle where association needs to execute the technique
which is used to lead various changes as per the circumstance. It is a successful procedure as
imprints and spencer can use to discover proper online media stages where it can execute the
current methodology. It can consider Facebook, twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn and different
stages as technique for actualizing in new changes and accomplishing objective in specified
time frame.
Illustration 1: PDCA Model
(Source: PDCA Cycle: 4 steps to improve processes, 2018)

TASK3
P4 Explain different barriers for change and determine how they influence leadership
decision-making in a given organisational context.
There are different areas within the organisation which are directly related to changes
which are necessary for the form. By implementing the changes on the functioning of
organisation there is also changes in the behaviour of employees. Sometimes there are some
barriers which arise in the organisation while implementing these changes. In context of
marks and Spencer, it is identified that organisation is also facing number of challenges in
relation to implementing the changes in the organisation. These barriers are related to to
employee’s behaviour as well as various other factors which also influence the leadership
decision-making ability within the form. These issues have to be addressed by the manager
within the organisation in order to achieve better results and perform the functions. Some of
these issues which act as a barrier to the organisational functions as well as impact on
decision making ability of leadership are discussed below:
Inappropriate communication: inappropriate communication is a factor which
impact on the organisational functions as well as lead to the satisfaction of the employees. It
is essential for the organisation to improve the communication channel and perform the
function in an appropriate way so that it can direct their employees toward the organisational
goals and objectives. Due to insufficient channel of communication organisation suffer
number of systems in implementing the changes (Hoover, 2018). And it is essential for the
manager to use the functions and promote changes according to the requirement. In context
of marks and Spencer manager used to establish appropriate communication which help in
reducing the barriers in change implementation
Low level of staff engagement: it is also required function which has to be used by
the organisation in order to meet the requirements. This is also factor which impact the
process of change management within organisation in context to this there are various factors
which has to be cover by the management and meet the requirements. Due to low level of
staff engagement organisation has a number of problems in meeting the requirements of
change implementation. It is also leads to improper change management and will decrease the
chances of success. It can be identified that in context of marks and Spencer organisation is
using different tools and techniques to increase the staff engagement so that manager can
easily implement the functions as well as improve the decision-making abilities by analysing
the activities.
In context of marks and Spencer, it is identify the organisation is performing its
function within the market where it can achieve better results in order to improve the
functions as well as reduced the barriers organisation can use v force field analysis model full
stop this model help in improving the current situation of the firm as well as identifying
appropriate tools and techniques which can be utilised according to the organisational
strategies (Kuhl, 2019).
Force field analysis model

Force field analysis that model which can be used by the organisation in order to
implement changes in an appropriate way. This help in finding appropriate strategies which
can be used to identify the factors and improve the decision making ability of the
organisation for staff in context of the current situation of marks and Spencer it is identified
that there are various factors which can be covered under the five force analysis. These
factors can be solved with the different stages of this model and easily implemented in
accordance to the requirements. Some of these changes are discussed below:
Change force identification: It is that model which is related to identification of
organisational functioning as well as implementing the risk factor which are involved in
different changes. This help in minimising the risk factor as well as utilising the resources in
accordance with the requirements so that effective strategies can be constructed.
Change substance: Change substance is that part of the strategy which is related to
managing the appropriate changes in order to ascertain effective results fullstuff under this it
is essential for the management with marks and Spencer to use the functions which help in
implementing the changes for future events.
Score allocation: This is also an important stage which is required by the marks and
Spencer. Under the stage manager used to identify the appropriate score to each and every
situation which must be used under the change management process.
Force against alteration identification: Under the stage of model there is
identification of different factors which help in improving the organisational functions and
implementing the strategies. This makes it essential for the form to use the process and meet
the requirements in accordance with the current situation. This will bring appropriate changes
in the marks and Spencer and help in utilising the resources in an effective way.
Evaluating and execute: This is the last stage of this model which help in removing
the barriers where the management has to implement and execute the functions in accordance
with the requirements (Mathu, and Scheepers, 2016). At this there must be an appropriate
evaluation of the plants that implementation process can be used effectively as when is
meeting the requirements of the current change management process. This also have the
marks and Spencer and using an appropriate Framework which can be implemented to
achieve the objectives of the firm.
TASK4
P5 Apply different leadership approaches to dealing with change in a range of organisational
contexts
It is the responsibility of the management within the organisation to perform the
functions which help in achieving the objectives for implementing the function of change
management in order to remove the barriers as well as achieving the functions marks and
Spencer in use different kind of leadership approaches which help in improving the decision-
making ability as well as implementing the changes for most of these are discussed below:

Democratic approach: it is that approach within the management which is related to
perform the function by using appropriate tools and techniques for staff approach can be used
in order to meet the requirements as well as perform the function in an effective. Along with
this it is also identified that this approach will help the manager as well as other leaders
within the organisation to use appropriate functions as well as manage the responsibilities of
different individuals and Costa and this approach manager with marks and Spencer used to
adopt democratic system where they will involve the subordinate in the process of decision
making. This help in improving the motivation level of employees as well as achieving better
results.
Autocratic approach: It is that approach within leadership which is related to maintaining
the discipline as well as retaining authority at higher level. This approach is used by the
management in order to meet the requirements as well as performing the function according
to the needs. Under the autocratic leadership style and management within the marks and
Spencer always used to follow at procedure which support discipline and maintain
appropriate functions. There are different functions which have to be adopted by the
management in order to meet the requirements as well as maintaining an appropriate function
which can be utilised according to the requirements of current resources (Suri and Jayashree,
2019)
. This also help in implementing the changes where manager can get information and
implement process according to the requirements.
Order to improve the change management function organisation can also use lewin's
change model for the discussion of this model are mentioned below
Lewin change model
It can be elaborated model which is used by the organisation in order to implement
the changes in accordance with the requirement of current business environment. And also
implemented by marks and Spencer in order to meet the requirements and perform the
functions which help in implementing the changes and utilising the resources in an
appropriate way. There are different stages in the model which are discussed below:
Unfreezing: It is the primary stage of this model which involve identification of the
change factors as well as implementing the change within the organisation for Star for
instance under this organisation has to use and appropriate methods where form should
implement the changes. This is an appropriate factor which help in meeting the requirements
of organisational functions and identifying the current requirements for some there are
different tools and techniques which can be utilised by the marks and Spencer in order to
unfreezing various factors as well as implementing the changes.
Changes: Changes can be defined as that process within the organisation which is
related to implementing different change on the organisational functions as well as meeting
the requirements. Addition to this there are different factors which has to be covered by the
manager in order to lead in requirement as well as perform the function in an appropriate way

there are various factors which has to be utilised according to the technology of the firm and
implementing the process. And the change organisation required to implement all the
functions and meeting the requirements for formulating different plan that is useful for firm.
Refreezing: This is the last step in the process which is related to implementing the
changes within the organisation as well as bringing the original situation and action for staff
under this manager as to cover all the functions as well as improving the working condition
of the organisation after implementing the change( McMurtrie, 2019). This is related to
managing a motivation within the employees as well as implementing the functions and
responsibilities in accordance with the requirements of changes so that marks and Spencer
can achieve its objectives according to the requirements of current environment.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the above mentioned information that there are various
factors which are related to implementing the changes within the organisation is also essential
for the management to implement the changes as well as using appropriate policies which
will support effective development. Changes are the essential part of organisation way marks
and Spencer can use different approaches in order to meet the requirements and implement
the changes. This is also essential for the marks and Spencer to use appropriate tools and
techniques as well as identify the management techniques which will help in motivating the
employees and implementing the changes according to the requirements of the current
business situation

REFRENCES
Books and Journals
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Change in the Digital Era. Emerald Group Publishing.
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Leadership (Doctoral dissertation).
Hoover, K., 2018. Leading Change: A Phenomenological Study of Presidents Leading
Community College Baccalaureate Degree Pilot Programs. California State
University, Fullerton.
Kuhl, J., 2019. NEXT‐GENERATION LEADERSHIP: LEADING CHANGE FROM
WITHIN. Leader to Leader, 2019(93), pp.29-34.
Lewis, S., Williams, M.W. and Baker, D.G., 2020. Another Way: Living and Leading Change
on Purpose. Chalice Press.
Mathu, K. M. and Scheepers, C., 2016. Leading change towards sustainable green coal
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McMurtrie, 2019. Leading Change Within a Teachers Union in a Non-Fair Share
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Nathan, B., Leading Change.
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Smith, K. M., 2020. Leading change: Adopting a transformational approach to leadership
within the Internal Security Forces of Lebanon, enabling a community based style of
policing (Doctoral dissertation, University of Portsmouth).
Suri, S. and Jayashree, P., 2019. Leading Change in the Social Sector: A Bottom-up Revival
of Two Weaving Clusters in India. In Business and Management Practices in South
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