Leadership and Change: Cadbury, Nestle, and Organizational Impact

This report delves into the realm of change management, offering a comparative analysis of Cadbury and Nestle, two prominent international companies in the food and beverage industry. It examines how these organizations adapt their strategies and operations in response to change, evaluating both internal and external factors influencing team dynamics, leadership approaches, and individual behaviors. The report explores measures to mitigate the negative effects of change on organizational behavior, discusses barriers to change and their impact on leadership decision-making, and analyzes various leadership approaches employed to navigate change within organizations. The assignment provides a comprehensive overview of change management principles and practices, offering valuable insights into organizational adaptation and leadership strategies in dynamic business environments.

Understanding and Leading
Change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Comparison of different organisations and impact of change on their strategies and
operations...............................................................................................................................1
P2. Internal and external factors of change impacting team, leadership and individual
behaviours...............................................................................................................................3
P3 Evaluation of measures which can reduce negative effects of change on organisational
behaviour................................................................................................................................5
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................7
P4 Different barriers for change and its influence on leadership decision-making...............7
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................8
P5 Different leadership approaches for dealing with change within organisation.................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Change management simply refers as an organized procedure, method and technique that
aids in dealing with workers and attaining the wanted results from businesses. It is necessary for
creating successful outcomes of transactions for persons by accepting and understanding changes
(Suchman, 2011). It can be defined as the system to stimulate opposition as well as challenges
for individuals in terms of their lifestyles, views, standards and behaviours. The present report is
based on two firms that are Cadbury and Nestle. These companies are international and used to
deal with numerous products or services like food and beverages. Some of their well - known
products are chocolates and various confectionery items in the marketplace. This project is going
to compare both the ventures and the influence of changes on their business schemes and
procedures. It would also assess external and internal factors of alteration that will effect on the
leadership, teams and on behaviour of individuals. There are some measures for decreasing the
negative influence of change for popular organisations. In this assignment, many barriers that
could impact on the decisions of leaders within firm is also going to be discussed. Different
leadership approaches are used for dealing with some changes to accomplish the pre - set
objectives.
TASK 1
P1. Comparison of different organisations and impact of change on their strategies and
operations
Change must be compulsory for every company because it assists in acceptance of
different tools and methods to reach the best endings. In this, practises include variations of
plans, instructions and principles so that they can accomplish their pre - stated goals and
purposes. Each business has to enforce these changes as per the environment as well as for
escaping its factors. Cadbury and Nestle; both the firms have a famous brand image in the
market - place because they use several strategies for maintaining their current positions
(Fagerström, 2012). There are many rivals existing in the market that are offering similar as well
as additional goods and services. So, Cadbury emphases on giving different flavours of
chocolates or sweet items to the consumers and used to make innovative promotion in order to
attract a large number of customers towards their venture. This can be understand by examining
the main impacts of organisation such as:
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CADBURY
It is a British world-wide confectionery corporation and second leading brand in the
globe. This is located in Uxbridge, West London and is being operating its business in around 50
nations internationally. It is popular for numerous of products like Creme egg, chocolates, and
Roses selections box several more confectionery items as well as. It was set up in Birmingham,
England in the year of 1824 and was founded by John Cadbury who used to sell tea, chocolates
and coffee as their products. Main person of this firm is Irene Rosenfeld who is the Chief
Executive Officer or chairman (Salmela and Eriksson, 2012). They are accountable to occupy
effectual positions in front of their challengers as they effort on making innovative concepts and
implemented some strategies for producing the best products of confectionery. There are approx.
71,657 workers performing in the company who collaborate with other members and high-
ranking management to attain success of business.
NESTLE
It is a Swiss global corporation which used to deal with foodstuff and drink goods. Its
headquartered in situated in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland. This is known as one of the largest food
enterprise in this world. This firm is selling variabilities of goods like dairy products, baby food,
bottle water, snacks, medical food, confectionery, ice - cream and numerous of food stuffs in the
global market. This has been observed that they have earned near US$ 1.1 billion by selling their
famed products such as Maggi, Nescafe, Nespresso, Vittel and many more. They are having
approximately 447 factories that is operating in numerous of nations in the world. There are
around 339,000 persons working in this firm (Parsons and Cornett, 2011). Their key shareholder
is L’Oréal which is the world's biggest cosmetic company. Paul Bulcke is appointed as the
chairman of this venture and Ulf Mark Schneider is its CEO. As per the current data, it has
created around US$89.46 billion in the year of 2017.
They have strong positioning and positive or good market image in entire globe and they
are also giving threatening competition to another corporation. Both of them are dealing in
various types of food items and confectionery products in the market - place. So, they
implemented operational strategies for making their revenues and increasing volume of sales.
There are some main differences in between these two ventures that is stated below :
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Strategies Cadbury Nestle
Branding They have adopted an effectual strategy
for seeking attention of large number of
customers in an exclusive sense and so,
they focus on clients instead of other
productions.
It considers itself as a nourishment
food, fitness and wellness firm so
they are encouraging their brand
by core nutrition business.
Marketing
strategy
Cadbury has sustained its business in
confectionery foodstuffs by adopting
proper leadership styles. They are using
several tools of advertising for doing
active marketing.
One of the biggest competitor of
Cadbury is Nestle. They deliver
energetic chocolates along with its
flavour, crunch or light snack in
Nestle bar.
Promotional
strategy
Enterprise trusts in good
communication with clients via or over
television, print - media and posters for
the doing advertisement. They have
been adopting new methods for
forming the finest ads of chocolates
(Malenfant, 2010).
This firm also attentions on
effectual communication and
channels for offering information
regarding merchandises and so,
they are using internet, televisions
and print media for commercial
promotion.
Products It’s well - known yields are Éclairs, 5
star and Dairy milk with many ranges
such as Gems and Perk that are known
as the major selling brand in its sector.
This company is selling food and
beverages in the marketplace and
its popular products are Milky bar,
Kit-Kat, classic and polo that are
considered as superior brands in
chocolates.
P2. Internal and external factors of change impacting team, leadership and individual behaviours
Leaders and employers are treated as important people in the corporation and thus they
are playing a significant role for providing instructions and guiding principle to the workers
towards organisational aims and goals. In simple words, it can be said that leaders comprise of
authority and excellence to impact on the behaviour of human as well as motivate them for
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executing any specific task. They are performing their job as determining mission and visions of
corporate. Leaders are liable to assist the venture in gaining competitive advantages as they show
correct pathway to employees and provide them commands that how objectives can be attained
in a right way. Cadbury company which is dealing with confectionery goods also concerned with
several styles of leadership because it can be advantageous for organisation as well as
employee’s growth. This firm emphasis on enhancing more consciousness about products or
services among their customers. Leaders used to inspire to staffs for conveying new philosophies
and innovative things within the company so that they could yield good qualitative products in
effective means (Hallinger and Heck, 2011). They also advise to Cadbury for creating best ads
and taking support of well- faces or superstars for their marketable advertisements so that large
number of users can get attracted towards their offered chocolates. Therefore, it can be stated
that leaders play energetic role in all firms for accomplishing its goals and purposes and getting
best results via managing people or capitals in efficient way. They also assist in gaining
competitive benefits in many positions or circumstances. Leader commonly used to adopt
numerous of leadership styles or models in order to tackle with inner and outer forces that are
occurring in any states and those factors can adversely effect on leadership, group and
behaviours of workers within the organisation. These are described below :
Internal factors:
Internal factors are considered as those which could affect the business from inside and it
is connected with enterprise's operations as well as events. These forces are very common in
nature which might be occurred in any circumstances, so it is the responsibility and duty of
leaders as well as managers to keep their eyes on this and take remedial activities so that they can
easily survive or tackle from such forces (Fullan, 2014). They used to perform their job for the
same and design suitable strategies to realise competitive gains. Interior factors will be controlled
by the top level administration or management by creating flattering decisions and adopting
many changes so that corporation can achieve their pre - setted ambitions and aims. Cadbury is
also concentrating on internal factors that might be effect on its productive functions; thus,
business's manager attempts to form fit working environment and care for their workforces to
perform better by adopting different leadership styles. Some of the internal factors that can effect
on business actions are stated below :
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Nature of the workers : It is considered as the major factor of change as they comprises of
dissimilar values which is represented by the groups. Consequently, it can be said that behaviour
of employees is changing instantly as per the views of new generation’s people as they have
acquired best educations as well as qualifications, they place importance on social values. It also
effected on their nature or behaviour thus, now it is very difficult to lead with such new
individuals towards organisational aims and objectives (Fagerström and Salmela, 2010).
Therefore, it is a challenging job for managers to deal with these people.
Changing in executive personnel : It is also a tough mission for the supervisors and leaders of
managing with the persons. They used to perform their duties by exchanging old employee to
new workers which is essential for elevations, superannuation, allocation and discharge as well.
Organisational culture: Culture is also treated as an important factor of a prosperous company
where in managers used to consider standards, attitudes, structures and other moral method of
their venture that have to be obeyed or adopted by the workforces.
External factors:
Such types of factors straightly affects the commerce and its processes from exterior
surroundings. So directors and leaders are needed to emphasis on those forces and should make
effectual decisions in context with policies acceptances for organisational expansion. External
factors may not be controlled by the management but they could manage it in proper way. There
are few chief forces that are discussed below :
Increment in competitions: This is treated as key factor because new challengers are taking
entry into market place and offering identical as well as extra goods. Consequently, it may
generate complications for the enterprise in growing trades capacity. Hence, it is compulsory that
managers have to adopt best plans in order to survive along with these threats (Doppelt, 2017).
Economy: Vacillations regarding economy rates can effect on the business activities of
corporation and its economic situations because it might be changed in accordance to the rises
and reductions hence Cadbury have to keep their eyes on such factors and should make better
decisions for operating their organisation effectively.
P3 Evaluation of measures which can reduce negative effects of change on organisational
behaviour
Measures can be used for decreasing deleterious influences so that managers of an
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enterprise make decisions easily in terms of adopting strategies for the enlargement of
corporation and same as Cadbury does, as they are focussing on several tools and practices so
that undesirable waves can be diminished. It is co-operative in producing a healthy working
atmosphere and also in handling team members in better means. Cadbury should emphasis on
numerous of modern technologies as well as best approaches for evading such types of
influences on the commercial activities. There are some measures that can be found helpful in
eliminating all these bad impacts. Key one are stated below :
Better coordination with staff : This is necessary for each firm to attain success because its aids
in constructing durable relationships with workforces. Cadbury company always efforts to form
positive relations with all staff associates and better collaboration among team - members for
achieving prearranged targets and objectives. It is on the other hand also the accountability of
workers to coordinate with enterprise and its manoeuvres while assuming any changes in the
business setting so that negative impressions can be eradicate in actual style.
Research : It is considered as supportive apparatuses for examining tendencies of current
marketplaces and gathering information about existing conditions. Thus, firm should usually
carry out these kinds of researches and surveys in order to identify preferences, sense of taste,
choices as well as competitors present in the market so that plan can be prepared in correct way.
Research are consequently proved as beneficial tool for every organisation since it assists in
adopting many strategies and machineries by collecting relevant information or data (Carrington
and Deppeler, 2010).
Training and development programs : Corporation can also diminish the adverse effects of the
changes in their business activities as it aids in offering support to the workers and encouraging
them to approve or admit all these as challenges. There are many enterprises which are using the
efficient measures of arranging training and development programs to the staffs so that they
would prepare themselves for facing any types of modifications as well as removing those effects
of negativity from them. Learning conferences is considered as cooperative in providing
inspirations and helps in increasing worker's skills and awareness as well as capabilities for
accomplishing agreed goals and intentions. Cadbury is also taking help of different forms of
methods for growing its sales capacities and generating more profits by enhancing productivity.
Training is thus treated as helpful method which assists in bringing confidence or self-reliance
level in any circumstances.
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Creating good relations with personnel : It is another significant actions for decreasing negative
influences of changes that occurs in business activities. Positive or hale and hearty relations with
workers would support in managing as well as controlling all tasks in effective way. This will
also help in gaining coordination of them and in turn mutual aims and objectives can be attained
in proper way. At the same time, it also proved to be useful in solving clashes by consistent
interactions or communications. Thus, corporation can construct durable as well as strong team
via building healthy relationship among employees and other members. It is also the main
obligation for managers to talk accurately with each and every person within company so that
good relations can be maintained as well as sustained for long time period.
Task 2
P4 Different barriers for change and its influence on leadership decision-making
Change can be simply defined as the method that generating positive energy in the
operational atmosphere. It is ordinary that barriers or clashes occur while changing the system.
So it is compulsory to cope up with those hindrances so that Cadbury firm can run its business in
effect - able style. Cadbury also faced numerous types of difficulties in regard to the changes
since it impacted on its operations due to few complex circumstances. They should yield best
flavour of foodstuffs and also attempts to generate awareness among their staffs so that
enterprise can accomplish its goals and targets (Brown, 2012). They have to concentrate on
satisfaction of customers by offering them best chocolates for meeting their preferred
expectations. Firm ought to also consider good working surroundings for growing their
productivity by inspiring personnel for improved or good task performance. It will be
advantageous for eradicating or dropping risk factors in operational mode and achieving setted
ambitions. Some of the key barriers for change and its impacts on decision making of leaders are
described below :
Less employee’s involvement: This is the main fault that most of enterprises do which is they do
not provide opportunities to workforces to take part in process of decision making in context to
business. For every venture, it is obligatory to get participation of workers while making
important decisions and taking correct actions. If they do not so, then this will create conflicts as
any type of changes would not be accepted by them, therefore; company should inspire them to
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share their thoughts and beliefs in order to get innovative ideas. This will also meet their wanted
aims and objectives in suitable way in such a changing situation.
Communications barriers: This is also considered as a vital factor that is accountable for
conflicts and effects on the relations of people within organisation. If there will be no clear
communication among between employers and workers, whole work of alteration gets impacted
badly. Thus, Cadbury should use better interaction processes for conveying information to the
workforces about their adoptions of strategies and technologies they are being utilised so that
they get prepare for accommodating changes and make certain regarding those variations. It also
proved to be supportive in constructing strong relationship between management and other staff
members.
Task 3
P5 Different leadership approaches for dealing with change within organisation
This is considered as an eminent part of each business organisation since leadership
approaches as well as styles contributes in achieving its goals and in turn success at last. Such
approaches also proved to be helpful while dealing with all types of changes occurring in the
enterprise. Cadbury is taking use of several approaches in context to leadership in order to
develop their entire business and increasing production as well. Leaders aids in providing
enthusiasms and support to workers for conveying new thoughts and creativity as well as better
flavoured chocolates having eye - catching packaging and it ought to be pleasant in taste so that
vast viewers or users can get attracted towards their venture (Branson, 2010). This has been
observed that leaders are playing vigorous role in manipulating entity's actions and motivate
them for accepting or accommodating the alterations and working hard for their persistence.
They are adopting numerous of strategies and leadership styles for approving and implementing
such kind of changes so that firm can improve its performance and attain best results. There are
different leadership styles that is existing in the working atmosphere of Cadbury enterprise. Key
one are stated below :
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 The Laissez Fair leader: According to this type of style, leaders gives some rights to
their workforces and give powers to them so that they could also participate in process of
making decisions and can do any types of arrangements on their own in behalf of team
leaders whenever there occurs some situations. Corporation can use several strategies and
policies that may help them in different methods or measures. Autocratic: This leadership styles permits to supervisors in taking decisions alone
without any involvement of workers. They retain all authorities and enforce the work on
personnels related to business operations. The director of Cadbury firm also adopts this
style for newly recruited staffs so that they can complete all work by doing them jobs in
well - organized style (Leadership styles, 2016). The participative leader: It is also known as democratic leadership style. Here - in,
leaders concentrate on inputs and values of team members and also include them in the
decision-making procedure. But this is to be noted that ending judgements would be
made by the participative front - runner or leaders. They also used to boost the
employee’s morale for getting effective task presentation. The transactional leader: This has been recognised that here leaders as well as managers
use this style for accomplishing tasks. In accordance to the involvement of workers, they
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Illustration 1: Different leadership styles
Source: Leadership styles, 2016

offer them some prizes or compensations and punishments as well if their performance
will not good as per the expectations. Employers used to set effectual aims and objectives
and every member of their groups have to do each chore and need to follow the directions
provided by them for achieving those targets.
 The transformational leaders: Such leadership style is grounded on higher mode of
communications from top level management for the intention of meeting ambitions and
expectancy. Herein, frontrunners are playing a significant role in improving personnel
skills, efficiency and their competencies as well. For doing the same, high level of
communication and higher visibility is required to be maintained.
Kotler’s 8 steps Change Model
Sir Kotler has proposed a model in order to deal with transformation that is occurring in venture.
Those eight steps are stated below :
 Step 1 : Establishing a sense of urgency : This is essential for creating a feel of urgency
among the workers so that each individual ready themselves for those changes in
effective manner. Hence, in this step all realizable threats should be acknowledged and
some scenarios have to be formulated in order to handle those.
 Step 2 : Forming a powerful guiding coalition : In this stage, all personnels should be
convinced decently. But for doing this, there required a powerful leadership and receiving
of support from crucial members of venture.
 Step 3 : Creating vision for change : In this phase, there is requirement of creating
values that are important for the pre- determined modifications. Apart from this, schemes
should be defined for implementing or executing those visions (Anderson and Anderson,
2010).
 Step 4 : Communicating the vision : After that in next stage, it is vital to convey about
those formulated visions to all associates of company so that they can be easily interpret
the changed vision. In addition to this, training sessions should also be offered to the
work forces in terms of this in order to start as well as accomplish such vision
successfully.
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