Leadership and Management: Concepts, Theories, and NHS Analysis

This report delves into the concepts of leadership and management, emphasizing their significance in enhancing organizational productivity, particularly within the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK. It explores the distinct roles of leaders and managers, highlighting their influence on employee motivation, decision-making, and the achievement of organizational goals. The report examines various leadership and management theories, including trait, behavioral, charismatic, and contingency theories, and assesses their advantages and disadvantages in practical settings. Furthermore, it evaluates a leadership development program designed for the NHS, analyzing its structure, training methods, and eligibility criteria, thereby providing insights into the strategies employed to improve leadership capabilities and organizational performance within the healthcare sector. The report concludes by summarizing key findings and reinforcing the importance of effective leadership and management for organizational success.

Leadership and
Management concepts

Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Concept of leadership and management......................................................................................1
Different theories and approaches in relation to management and leadership:...........................4
Evaluate the leadership development programme –........................................................................7
Importance of leadership training and development...................................................................7
Leadership development program for NHS.................................................................................9
Eligibility for the program:..........................................................................................................9
Structure and training methods:.................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Leadership and management is the procedure of running a business activities properly which
helps to increase organisational productivity. Leadership is the process of motivating and
inspiring people who are working at workplace give their contribution to attain the business
goals and objectives. This is important to have a leader and manager in organisation who can
understand the problems of employees and provide them best solution so they can work
effectively and efficiently. Leaders are those people who have different skills and motivational
skills that support employees to accept the challenges and increase organisational effectively.
Management is activities which are run by managers who have responsibility and power to take
decision for the welfare of business industry. There is difference between managers and leaders
who have different power and skills to run a business effectively. Managers are playing a
significant role as they formulate policies and regulation which are used to run a business and
encourages employees in order to complete their task in certain period of time. To understand
about leadership and management NHS has been taken that is publicly funded organisation in
UK. This was formed in 1948 as one of major social reforms that provide health services to poor
people. Herein, leaders and managers are playing important role as they understand the needs of
people and give them health services which improve organisational performance. Leaders
maintain a link between managers and employees who are working in enterprise and give their
contribution to increase productivity and profitability. Without leaders and managers employees
cannot work effectively nor they be able to attain their task (Weiss Tappen and Grimley, 2019).
Therefore, it is important for every company to have leader and manager who can motivate
employees and get them ready to accept the challenges and changes so profits can increase
effectively. This report covers different topics such as leadership and management theories,
evaluation of leadership development programme and leadership approaches which are used to
improve the performance.
Concept of leadership and management
Leadership – This concept is given by John Newstorm and Keth Davis who have states
that leadership is the process of influencing and supporting others to work properly and
energetically which helps to increase the organisational productivity. This process is about one
people who have capability and motivational skills which helps to motivate people and complete
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the task in certain period of time. In other words, the concept of leadership is related to one
person that influences others to work collectively in order to attain desired goals and objectives.
In NHS organisation, leaders are credited to provide good health and care services to people
which helps to improve the livings of people and provide them a good life that helps to run a
business (Weberg, 2013).
Management – The concept of management states that it is the process and art of getting
things done through others in systematic and effective manner. This involves planning,
organising, directing and controlling the activities which helps to run a business effectively
and increase organisational capability. Management of NHS are taking decisions,
responsibility, sense of humour, empathy and compassion that helps to keep continue this
organisation and increase business effectiveness.
Similarities between leadership and management
 Leadership and management both are working with people and it surrounds the
people only.
 They create foundation and functional structure for organisation which helps to attain
the business goals.
 They influence the working environment by their ethical behaviour and skills.
 Their main concern is to allocate the available resources which can be used to run a
business effectively.
 Management and leadership is concerned with goals and objectives which helps to
improve the organisational performance.
Difference between leadership and management
Basis Management Leadership
Meaning This is the process of planning,
organising, directing and
controlling the business
activities so goals and objectives
can be attain in certain period of
Leadership is the process of
collecting number of people and
motivate tm to complete the
common task which helps to
maintain good profitability.
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time.
Decision making The management of NHS is
having decision making power in
which it take all needed
decisions which are important
for organisation.
The leaders do not have power of
make decision in context to run
business and take right action
(Mkhomi and et., al., 2020).
Personality style Management tend to be a
rational under controlling
problem by considering goals,
structure and availability of
resources which helps to perform
well.
Often called brilliant and mercurial
person who always ready to take
risk and they bare having high
level of imagination.
Focus Management of NHS are
focusing on managing the work
by using policies and systems.
The leaders of NHS are focusing
on Leading people by motivation
and inspiring to complete the task.
Approach to risk Risk taking approach which is
used to take risk in organisation
and increase profitability.
Risk averse approach which is
used to accept the knowledge.
Characteristics n NHS mangers are more
concentrated on setting targets
and strategies that are most
beneficial for the whole
organisation. Moreover,
mangers are not very cautious
and would prefer to eliminate
unnecessary risks to ensure the
efficient operation of an
enterprise with minimal
Leader's key trait is to control and
inspire workers to accomplish
organizational purpose and
purpose. Toyota's executives play
an significant part in empowering
the workers.
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confusion and danger.
Role The main role of managers in
context to NHS is make plans,
formulate policies, making
decision and attain the business
goals.
The role of leaders is to motivate,
inspire, communicator,
coordination and others which
helps to provide good health and
caring services effectively.
Different theories and approaches in relation to management and leadership:
There are different theories and literature which are used by management and leaders of
NHS organisation who identify needs and wants of poor people and get them best quality of
health care services which helps to improve organisational productivity and profitability. Herein,
managers and leaders are playing different roles as they make plans how they can be satisfied
customers and share with employees that kind of services can be provide to them and maintain
the business at good position. The descriptions of different theories in relation management are
as defined:
Trait theory – According to MALOŞ (2012) this theory is uses to focus on leadership in which
leaders identify personality traits and characteristics which are linked to successful leadership in
situations. This theory states different traits which help to run a business successfully. In NHS,
managers are intelligent and action oriented where they make choices that can move the group
forward. Moreover, leaders are task competent who are skilled and capable to manage the
business activities. Managers and leaders are playing important role where manager and manager
pay attention to group of members and care genuinely which help to get success in their
business. In this, managers’ wants each person in group to be succeed and move action towards
attain the business goals (Hallinger, 2019).
Advantages of Trait theory – This theory is naturally pleasing approach which helps to
accept the risk occurred in organisation and increase the business performance. In this, managers
serves yardstick against which the leadership trait of individuals can be assessed. This gives
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good and detailed knowledge about leaders and their process which helps to improve
performance.
Disadvantages of trait theory – This theory reduces the morale and motivation level of
managers and employees who are working in a organisation. This can be drawback for team
members of NHS as not developing decision making skills and leadership. This creates burdens
on leaders with responsibility to take long term decision made by leaders but it is not acceptable
by whole team members.
Behavioural theory – As per the views of Wildavsky (2018), Behavioural theory is
called human relation movement and management theory which is used to address the human
dimension of work. This theory is used to maintain the good relation with employer and
employee who are working in organisation and increase the organisational productivity.
Behavioural theorist is used to believed that better understanding of human behaviour at
workplace like motivation, conflicts, dynamic groups and improve the business performance.
This is important for all organisations to follow behavioural theory and maintain the good
relations with employees so task can be performed effectively and increase the organisational
productivity. In NHS, leaders and managers are using behavioural theory where they maintain
good relations with employees and complete the task effectively.
Advantages of behavioural theory – This promotes the value of leadership styles with
employees who are concerned with collaboration and communication. This theory helps
managers and leaders of NHS to maintain the good behaviour and accept the challenges
effectively. It also promotes participative decision making and team development by supporting
employees needs and wants which helps to maintain the good behaviour. In chosen organisation
manager and leaders understand and evaluates how their behavioural style as a manager and
leader affect their relationship with team and promotes commitment and contribution in order to
attain the organisational goals and objectives (Giltinane, 2013). Moreover, it helps to find out the
relationship between manager and employees so goals can be attained in certain period.
A disadvantage of behavioural theory – This theory ignores the mental process and
procedure to think which is involves in learning. It can rejects the possible role of biological
factors in human behaviour. In NHS manager and leaders can face negative behaviour of their
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employees because they do not motivate employees in particular situation and reduces the
organisational productivity.
Charismatic Leadership – The charismatic leadership style is used by managers and
leader’s charm and persuasiveness which helps to complete the decided goals. They are driven
by their commitment and conviction which is related to cause arises in organisation. These are
also known as transformational leaders because they share or communicate various similarities
and influence employees to work effectively. In NHS leaders are having charismatic quality that
is used in powerful oratory that helps in maintaining the positive changes in the lives of people.
Therefore, it is important for organisation to follow this theory and quality which can help to
increase organisational performance and productivity (Hall, 2013). In NHS managers are adopt
motivating and inspiring employees that encourages employee loyalty and commitment. With the
help of this manager and leaders performs well by influencing employees.
Advantages of charismatic leadership – This is considered as leadership style which is
used by leaders of NHS by inspiring people who helps to reach their own dreams. This gives
chances to their employees to do something that feels bigger than themselves. With the help of
this theory people get chance to think differently regarding a specific subject. If employees are
self-motivates and having such qualities then there are reduction to reduce the turnover rates in a
business industry. In NHS people feel happy and positive because leaders get ready to take
occasional risk.
Disadvantages of Charismatic leadership – This leadership mainly depends on energy
level of leaders which states if they have good level of energy and skills then they can accept the
challenges and manage risk effectively. With the help of this approach manager prevent new
learning opportunities from occurring. This challenges the business activities of NHS by
changing the value system of their followers.
Contingency theory – As per the words of Weberg (2013), this approach is based on
theory that states management effectiveness which is contingent, dependant and situation then
plans are formulated accordingly which helps to maintain good behaviour is situation. The
meaning of contingent is when something is happen suddenly and productivity of organisation
can be challenged. According to this theory leaders and managers be able to control and affect
the situation effectively. This is important for organisation to understand the situation which
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arises in organisation while working and maintain the good performance. It provides efficient
workplace preparation and helps in the creation of a leadership map to assess leader's skills and
performance. This helps management and leaders to focus on situation and increase the
organisational performance. This is important for organisation to focus on such factors and
manage their good performance (Wildavsky, 2018).
Advantages of contingency theory – This approach is adaptive that allows organisation
to stay transform and flexible their strategies so people can person can perform their actions.
Right decisions and business productivity can be analyse according to situation. The scope of
contingency leadership is winded which helps NHS’s leaders to understand style and make
different decisions so business can perform well.
Disadvantages of contingency theory - From this theory it has defined that this is not a
single optimum solution which can give wrong results. Sometime is is not appropriate and
feasible for organisation to make contingent for future situation which is uncertain. This is time
taken and complex theory which take time to make decision by understanding their situations
that may shows wrong results.
Evaluate the leadership development programme –
Importance of leadership training and development
Leadership and development programme are those programmes which are conducted by
management in order to attain the business goals and objectives. This is important for
management make plans and strategies for the purpose of providing training and development
programme to their employees so they get perfection in their work and increase the
organisational productivity and profitability. An successful package of leadership needs to
include events which encourage participants to learn and develop. Reaction is an essential aspect
of every proficiency-development program. Therefore it is important that to concentrate on all
participants equally and provide them training and development program accordingly. This will
help you find workers with strong leadership competencies. Leadership preparation is considered
as the procedure in which leaders interact with their staff who are working at workplace and
encourage their workers in a well-defined manner to help fulfil motivation objectives and
organisational objectives. The leaders ensure that they recognize their team and the job that helps
increase the success of achieving the common goal. If there is any changes arrived in
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organisation then managers and leaders are responsible to accept changes and perform their
functions effectively. The training in relation to leadership and management is crucial because it
guides and leads their employees to focus on their role and responsibilities in order to complete
their task and bring improvement in their existing process. As a leader it is important for entity to
be more associated and integrated with the employees that help to build a positive relationship
with t hand also help to deliver the critical result that is useful for managing and controlling the
entire business operation effectively. These are both important aspects of the enterprise that help
to ensure that leadership abilities may be easily learned, particularly with the introduction of a
system (Hassi, 2019). In other words, leadership training and development are important for
organisation as it identify the weaker section of employees and training provides to them so they
can face challenges and changes in their organisation and increase organisational productivity
and profitability. For instance, NHS is a multinational healthcare organisation that offers
different types of health services to people and increases their living life. Herein, many
employees are working collectively in different department such as if there is people suffered
from diseases then leaders and managers need to provide training to their employees who are
working at workplace. This training helps to introduce from new skills and technology so
solution of diseases can be get and people be safe.
Development of employees and organisation is also important that helps to sustain people
and employees for long period of time. The meaning of development to get expertise in activities
and learning so task can be assigned and completed in effective time period. In context to NHS
organisation, management should bring out new strategies and policies in order to adopt the
changing environment that helps to improve development process and skills of working
employees. The senior executive has participated in adequate preparation of employees for
organizational advancement so that people can improve their power to efficiently attain desire
goals. There have been various forms of professional development offered, such as self-
leadership, producing results individually and making improvements. Besides that, direct
leadership tends to inspire someone in order to attain business goals. In NHS organisation, needs
and wants of people is developed by leaders and make customised design plans accordingly
which help to maintain the performance in well manner. With the help of development
programme, leaders become able to find out weaker section or point and get solution which helps
to improve their organisational performance in well-defined manner. Leadership training is
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considered as process which is used to increase the working culture by overcoming from hurdles
and problems which helps to accomplish the organisational performance. In this, leaders
motivate and inspire employees so challenges can be accepted in certain period of time and
improve productivity (Podsakoff and Podsakoff, 2019).
Leadership development program for NHS
Healthcare leadership programme such as Rosalind Franklin and Nye Bevan programme
is planned for NHS organisation which helps to improve the effectiveness of a company and
maintain good performance. In this programme clinicians and managers are focusing needs and
wants of people who needs to good health and caring system which helps to improve the people
life and maintain good performance. The aim of such programme is to get aware all people and
employees who are working in organisation by influencing them and providing good health to
people. The primary goal of such program is to form and provide members with good knowledge
and skills to become more peeled and able to affectively care for the health system at all levels.
The Rosalind Franklin system aims to help the different participants in becoming more excellent
innovators between the team leaders and efficiently at their leader. It involves evidence that the
excellent leadership is empathy, diversity and teamwork aimed at enhancing the organization's
efficiency. Since there are various types of module in the company that support and workers ask
simple questions to provide the response that allows them to become excellent leadership. This
programme will help to collaborate and coordinate with employees effectively so people be
aware and maintain the good performance. This programme is mainly designed to develop
executive level of leaders who are looking to move in to a board role which help to perform well.
This programme will support leaders and managers to move beyond leadership in this area of
professional expertise, in executive roles that span company’s boundaries. It will help leader of
NHS to meet with better challenges and accept the challenges effectively. moreover it will help
to improve the organisational image (Chemers, 2014).
Eligibility for the program:
The NHS organisation is going to organise leadership development programme such as
Rosalind Franklin and Nye Bevan programme that helps to increases the learning and skills of
leaders and managers who are working in an organisation. The individuals who leads the
workers directly and oversees others. Team essentially involves all individuals who work in the
conventional team that is the organization's framework tool. To run and lead this programme
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there is need to pass out some eligibility criteria which helps to increase the knowledge and
experience level of leaders. For running this programme leaders, managers and clinic staff and
all people who wants to participate in this programme is required to pursue postgraduate degree,
training from medical college and good knowledge about policies and motivational skills which
helps to improve the health of people and provide them good immunity power. A practitioner
who oversees teams of skilled professionals who can temporarily exist until they break and then
reconfigure themselves with different problems.(Bush, Bell and Middlewood 2019). These
people will help to conduct the programmes which will increase operational and strategic
demand. In this event, leaders and manager will help other employee to accept changes and
challenges improve health of people.
Structure and training methods:
 This programme will held at well-known place so people and employees can attend this
event and participate in this programme.
 The systems come with 6TH module and offers comprehensive description of the pros
and cons, and how to efficiently handle all the work (Bush, 2019).
 A hierarchical structure is followed by leaders and managers who get information from
their subordinates and suggest ideas to improve their clinical services.
 This programme will be back to back workshop and leadership training event that assist
the leaders and managers to gain knowledge and in depth workshop.
 The first day workshops ensure each candidate has good outcome from this event and
will help to provide better quality of services (Golensky and Hager, 2020).
Evaluation of the benefits of this leadership program
For the individual:
 This offers a clearer and cleaner understanding of who the individual is and also helps
to improve intensity and emphasis on different areas such as leadership practice and
aims to provide cutting-edge skills to effectively solve all the problems (Bush, Bell
and Middlewood, eds., 2019). Offers a better understanding of the idea of becoming a system leader and how this can
allow you to act differently depending on the situation and also help you to effectively
solve problems. Besides this, it offers a powerful network to achieve the desire results
according to the quality of the client.
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Organizational benefits:
Such porgramme in NHS will provide participant progress and offers the immediate positive and
constructive result that helps to successfully achieve the desired performance and outcomes.
Besides this, the firm ethical and social values are strengthened and the waste is minimized in a
well-defined manner ( Parvin, 2019).
Also it is important for the institution to solve all the challenges and also to develop the methods
so that the group can interact and make complicated adjustments that ultimately contribute to the
achievement of desired results. This has contributed to reduced wastage and better utilization of
capital (Bryman. ed., 2013).
CONCLUSION
This has been analysed from the above-mentioned study that leadership and management are
essential to development and growth in order to sustain the market longer. There are various
types of businesses in the industry, and this is important for the company to handle and control
all the things that are going through the organization through good management and leadership.
Both managers and leaders are important in the company because they need to collaborate and
work closely to reduce the tension and produce better results within a shorter period of time.
There are various kinds of theory and styles of leadership present in the corporation and the
administrator along with the members have to select the theory for a better result. Different types
of leadership theories such as trait, behavioural, contingency and transformational theory is used
by managers and leaders in order to improve their organisational productivity. There are
numerous tasks open to leaders in which they can concentrate on the deficiency and
communicate with the employees in order to produce successful performance. As this program
will help the participant and the company in improving the culture.
In NHS Nye Bevan and Rosalind Franklin curriculum is selected for the leadership
preparation, which is considered very helpful programme and provides leaders as well as
administrators with all the encouragement to address the successful dimension. There are various
modules and online courses which are designed to provide in-depth organizational knowledge
and how to effectively manage and operate the business. Continuously plans and strategies are
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formed to run a business and increase knowledge of people so people get good quality of
products and services effectively.
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