Leadership and Management: Developing Skills and Strategies

This essay delves into the multifaceted world of leadership and management, exploring the qualities of successful leaders, such as initiative, influence, and adaptability. It examines various leadership theories, including the Great Man theory, Big Five personality traits, and Katz's Three Skills Model, to provide a comprehensive understanding of effective leadership styles. The essay also investigates methods for developing leadership skills, emphasizing discipline, learning, and conflict resolution. Furthermore, it clarifies the distinctions between management and leadership, highlighting their respective roles and functions within an organization. The essay incorporates real-world examples and case studies to illustrate key concepts, such as the situational and path-goal theories, as well as different types of leadership like servant and transformational leadership. The content covers the essence of leadership, its development, and how it differs from management, offering valuable insights for aspiring leaders and management professionals. The essay concludes by summarizing the knowledge gained from the course and other sources.

Leadership and Management

Table of Contents
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
1: What is involved in being a successful leader?.......................................................................1
2: Methods to develop good leadership......................................................................................3
3: Difference between management and leadership....................................................................4
4: What have you learnt about leadership from this course and elsewhere................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

MAIN BODY
1: What is involved in being a successful leader?
Leader is the person who holds the superior position. They are expert in specific field
and has ability to influence others persons for accomplishing goals and target of company. To
become a successful leader. An individual has to take initiate and set an example for others so
they are motivated to follow him. For this assignment some theory are chosen that show
characteristic and traits for leader are as follow:
Great man theory of leadership- In the 19th century there are many example which are
directly relate with this theory. This theory states that leaders are born not made, it determine that
if an individual is placed at right job then magically or with inherent traits they control complex
situations. So, the goals and target of company will be achieved in minimum time period. Leader
has ability to control difficult situation. Along with this, they lead group of people for safety and
success of organisation (Amanchukwu, Stanley and Ololube, 2015).
Big five personality traits of leadership- Under this, some characteristic are define that
show essential skill to become successful leader is mention as follow
Extroversion- An individual who has good social skills, like to express their view,
thoughts etc. publicly which determine that they are dominant in nature. It help them to verify
themselves in groups.
Conscientiousness- The successful leader are always hard worker. To perform and
achieve their task, they always complete their work in managed and organised way. This
continue effort to accomplish task in systematic way help an individual to emerge as leader
quickly.
Openness to experience- These type of individuals are always ready to learn new things
from society or others. They are always open to interact with other person which determine that
successful leaders are good listener. It help to get update information of market or industry (Bird
and Mendenhall, 2016).
Neuroticism- This type of leader are not good successor for company but to fulfil their
role they invest or put more efforts. As they are not compromise with goal and target of company
due to which they provide an adequate support to the management in implementation of plans
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and policy. This type of leaders contain moody nature, such as fear, anxiety etc. which
determine that these leaders are not emotionally strong.
Agreeableness- This is the last trait that help leaders to dominate other people. As they
has good listening skills, so it help them to be active and obedient. It help leaders to stand
separate from individuals (Bush, Bell and Middlewood, 2019).
Skills for successful leadership
Katz’s Three Skills Model- To become a successful leader there are different skills that
are present in an individual to influence other people. These skills are mention as below that
include Technical, human and conceptual:
Technical skill- Technical skill refer to competency in the particular activity or project.
Successful leader has brief knowledge about work or task which signify that to achieve target,
leader must be aware about tactics and strategy that is essential for completion of work. Like
Peter Jones who is successful leader aware about all electronic computer skills. This help them to
gain high result.
Human skill- Under this, a leader has to manage the whole work process with different
types of peoples. These are considered as an asset of company as their success depend on
performance of organisation. Like, Peter Jones work provide opportunity to individuals to
establish their career as entrepreneurs (Cherry and Jacob, 2016).
Conceptual skill- A successful leader has ability to manage the work between situations
and it produce effective result for company by coordinating different activities together. They
has wide concept that help to achieve specific goals and make presence of them for longer
period. As Peter started own venture from small age so it help them to gain experience in all
sectors.
Approach toward leadership
Situational leadership- This type of leadership is adjustive and flexible as this help an
leader to modify work as dynamic changes that take place in market. Under different situation it
is not necessary that an individual or leader execute same methods or technique. As Peter operate
different business in which it is essential to adopt situational leadership to find alternative of
complex situation.
Path goal theory- This theory is based on specific leadership style and behaviour. Under
this theory the behaviour of employees are analysis within aspects that they create effective
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results for company. leader explore different ways by which they motivate their employees.
Successful leader such as Peter find different ways by which he encourage their employees to
gain high results.
Types of leadership
Servant leadership- The types of leaders always focus on specific goal which is to serve
the organisation. In this style of leadership, a leader is biased towards community from which
they belong. This type of leader are more focused to fill the needs of people which govern that
they want to develop the society first (Diamond and Spillane, 2016).
Transformational leadership- This type of leadership states that a leader work in teams
to identify the loophole. This help to create new vision for company and help to bring changes in
employees by becoming an inspiration for others.
2: Methods to develop good leadership
Yes, good leadership can be developed in individuals through their life experiences and
knowledge that is gained through out the life. Effective leadership is developed among the
individuals by handling various complex and difficult situations. . Different types of leaders has
essential traits which help to gain more effective result to complete a project. Like, Peter face
difficult situations to establish new venture in market which result in huge loss for organisation.
But with continue efforts and hard work, Peter explored leadership traits and establish
themselves as successful leader in society.
Ways to develop leadership
To emerge as successful leader, an individual has to put more efforts to learn different
skill that emerge him/her as leader in society. Some of this skill are mention as below.
Practice discipline- Leaders are always obedient and disciplined. They complete their
work in sequential process that help to bring productive result from operating activities. As it is
also necessary for leader because employees always follow their leader because they set
themselves as an example and motivate them to bring effective results. Example- Peter bear
heavy loss but continue disciplined results help to overcome from loss and to earn more revenues
(Donate and de Pablo, 2015).
Learning- An individual always try to learn new things this will help them to aware
about different market situations. To enhance as successful leader and individual need to be
aware about project and market conditions which determine as without combine of this factors it
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is difficult to predict opportunity that exist in market. Like in this case Peter not bound
themselves for single business which determine that leader are always ready to learn new things.
This help them to convert opportunity into potential market.
Resolve conflicts- In different organisation large number of workforce work together to
achieve similar goal. All of them belong to various culture so there are chances that conflicts
may happen between them. So it is responsibility of leader to resolve issue which help to
increase performance of individuals. Less conflict help an organisation in different ways like
they increase goodwill of company (Eacott, 2015)
Theories which support to become successful leader
Stogdill’s Traits- In this theory different types of traits are mention which show the
strength of leader. In earlier stage it is known that leaders are born while after several research it
is predicted that an individual who has several traits also become as successful leader. This traits
include dominant nature, high energy, self confident etc. help an individual to become successful
leader. Peter is successfully managing their business with this trait and characteristic that help to
achieve high result in each business.
Vroom-Yetton model- Another important issue that impact on leadership is involvement
of subordinates to make a decision. This is part of contingency theory and this model states that
in some complex situation subordinates has alternative which are best suitable option for
company. As lower level management has involvement in daily activities to complete daily task.
Like when Peter entered in tele-communication industry support of lower level management help
organisation to establish themselves successfully in the market (Ejimabo, 2015).
3: Difference between management and leadership
Management is universal in nature it is implement in all activities whether it is a business
or ngo, house or organisation it is necessary for all. Good management is the path for complete
to achieve high success in market. A manager is responsible to decide the way by which
employees achieve company targets and goals. It is complex structure to manage the organisation
like in this case organisation has to achieve organisation objectives as well as employees
objectives.
In simple words, management is defined as set of activities which are directed to
complete the project with efficient and effective utilization of resources. It involve combination
of human, machine and financial resources together with proper implement of functions that
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include planning, organizing, directing, leading and controlling. A good manager find the
cheapest way to complete the project.
Leadership- Leadership define the person who hold the power by which they lead
different groups of employees to achieve company targets and objectives. Their are several
function that are perform by leader which include to establish transparent and clear vision. After
that to share that vision within all departments of company through which they provide direction
to employees to complete project. Along with this a leader share relevant information with other
employees and methods to achieve their vision. When manager decide the strategy to work it is
the responsibility of leader to motivate employees and to solve the issues that face by employees
to work with new strategy and work (Hallinger and Chen, 2015).
Leadership if the way to learn new things which is possible when an individual has
experience and potential to face challenges that create barrier in their work performance. Along
with this leadership is the act to inspire others and involve them to achieve a particular goal.
Leader create the vision for company they has capability to predict the future which help to
formulate long term goals for organisation.
Difference between management and leadership
Basis Leadership Management
Meaning Leadership is the wide concept in
which a leader or person
influence others to engage them
in its working activities.
Leadership is complex process
which has involvement of large
number of people.
Management is the way of
coordinating and organizing
different activities in an efficient
way. It is sequential process by
which organisation perform
functions. Under this manager
has found ways to reduce cost of
manufacturing products.
Basis The leadership work on the trust
factor. Leader generate the faith
in consumer perception by
promoting different activities.
In this concept management is
the activity to control function of
organisation. In this they
formulate the ways by which an
organisation work to achieve
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high success for company.
Emphasis on The major motive of leadership is
to inspire others people so that
they produce effective result for
company. Under this leader try to
accomplish their goals by
engaging efforts of others person
also.
Management work with motive
of managing activities only. In
this an individual or manager try
to complete their activities with
the combination of resources that
are essential to complete the
project.
Example which show difference between leader and manager
To understand the difference between leadership and management some examples are
mention which show role of leader and function of manager. This example are mention as below:
Example- In present scenario Bill Gates is known as successful leader who is developer
of Microsoft. He has learned leadership from failures but with continued effort and passion made
the success of software industry and better result for its operations. The leader is responsible to
develop vision and aims for the organisation while manager found different ways which help to
implement necessary action to achieve aims and target for company (Hallinger and Wang,
2015).
In other case Peter Jones which is a successful business man and leader of UK is
operating their business under different sectors that include television and telecommunication
industry, beverage sector and computer lines. In all of this sector Jones is responsible for
formulating rules and legislation as his role is to work as a leader. While the management of
company apply this rule and legislation that are decided by CEO or leaders of the organisation.
4: What have you learnt about leadership from this course and elsewhere.
Leadership define the power and dominant nature that hold by the person. Thus it show
the effectiveness of an individual by which they perform its working activities under different
sector. In every business there is different function for which manager is responsible to execute
them in different sectors. While the role of leader is essential through which an organisation
found vision, goal and objective for their business. In this task different ways by which they find
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different goals for this aspect and scenario are covered that show importance of manager
(Herman, 2016).
As function of manager is to co-ordinate different activities that are necessary to
complete the project. With this it is applicable to found goal and task with different factors with
effective utilization of resources. During the internship time the role assistant manager is
performed it is an opportunity for me that help to understand work culture and manage resources
of company through which it is easy to complete the targets of company. Through this effective
process to perform activities is analyse and evaluate the work which help to determine the
difference between expected performance and actual performance of company (Larson and Gray,
2017). As some task are individually completed by team which report to me and for completion
of this task organisation provide responsibility and authority. For successfully completion
situational approach is execute which help to learn better understanding of work. As because
lack of experience this approach help to modify changes quickly that are necessary to complete
work which determine that this approach is flexible and develop as per existing environment of
company. This approach will not work skill but it is management technique which adopt changes
as per requirement of project.
To complete project various issues are faced that create barrier to complete the task. As in
mid process there is problems as resources are sufficient to accomplished goals. So at that
situational approach help as through resources are collected quickly and managed. This result
that task are completed with in minimum time period with optimum utilization of resources. In
this case and according to my concern situational approach is best option because it reduce the
waste of resources. Along with this it also help to complete task of company (McCaffery, 2018).
In the context of this case there are different members that developed with in this task
that create instability inside the organisation. Company has to face major problem because lack
of resources this result that lower management face difficult to deliver products. As in this case
big five personality traits help to achieve specific result for company and to coordinate internal
environment of company. Some points to manage them are mention as follow:
Extroversion- This factor help to manage better relation in company and outside
environment. As dominant nature help me in manager role to influence other people. This help to
explore and collect different resources that are required to complete project.
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Conscientiousness-To provide better services as on managerial post this skill help me to
find put continue efforts till task is completed. It is also beneficial to follow the passion as for
my case high level position and responsibility motivate me to complete task.
Openness to experience- In present scenario market or industry is very dynamic. So this
skill or trait help me to get update information about the market. To manage micro environment
it help to predict supply and demand of products which help to manufacture products effectively
and efficiently.
Neuroticism- For better results manager need to emotional stable under complex
situations. Like when management get information about lack of resources. It create
mismanagement to operate company activities. So this trait help to calm and patience at time of
fear and anxiety (Northouse, 2018).
Agreeableness- After several challenges it is difficult for company to restart the work. In
this as manager it is not easy to agree all persons for similar task . As this trait help to bridge the
gap between external and internal environment. Along with this it help to gain positive result as
large work-force perform for similar activity.
This theory help to learn that to emerge as a leader it is not essential that you born with
magical powers. Moreover it is also not necessary to belong from business family or house. In
this case as individual put regular efforts and develop some important traits in behaviour then
they also turn them into successful leaders (Pihlainen, Kivinen and Lammintakanen, 2016).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it is concluded that leadership and management both are different
aspect. This both are necessary essential to achieve the vision of an organisation. It determine
that there is difference between role of leaders and function of manager. For both case company
delegate their responsibility and authority according to their task. In this task some theory of
leaders are explained which are important for individuals to understand the behaviour of leader.
This states that to emerge as leader person implement some traits which help to gain high
position in company.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Amanchukwu, R. N., Stanley, G.J. and Ololube, N.P., 2015. A review of leadership theories,
principles and styles and their relevance to educational management. Management. 5(1).
pp.6-14.
Bird, A. and Mendenhall, M. E., 2016. From cross-cultural management to global leadership:
Evolution and adaptation. Journal of World Business. 51(1). pp.115-126.
Bush, T., Bell, L. and Middlewood, D. eds., 2019. Principles of Educational Leadership &
Management. SAGE Publications Limited.
Cherry, B. and Jacob, S. R., 2016. Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, & management.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
Diamond, J. B. and Spillane, J. P., 2016. School leadership and management from a distributed
perspective: A 2016 retrospective and prospective. Management in Education. 30(4).
pp.147-154.
Donate, M. J. and de Pablo, J.D.S., 2015. The role of knowledge-oriented leadership in
knowledge management practices and innovation. Journal of Business Research. 68(2).
pp.360-370.
Eacott, S., 2015. Educational leadership relationally: A theory and methodology for educational
leadership, management and administration. Springer.
Ejimabo, N. O., 2015. The influence of decision making in organizational leadership and
management activities. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Organization
Management. 4(2). pp.1-13.
Hallinger, P. and Chen, J., 2015. Review of research on educational leadership and management
in Asia: A comparative analysis of research topics and methods, 1995–2012. Educational
Management Administration & Leadership. 43(1). pp.5-27.
Hallinger, P. and Wang, W. C., 2015. Assessing instructional leadership with the principal
instructional management rating scale. Dordrecht: Springer.
Herman, R. D., 2016. Executive leadership. The Jossey‐Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership
and management, pp.167-187.
Larson, E. W. and Gray, C. F., 2017. Project management: The managerial process. McGraw-
Hill Education.
McCaffery, P., 2018. The higher education manager's handbook: effective leadership and
management in universities and colleges. Routledge.
Northouse, P. G., 2018. Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.
Pihlainen, V., Kivinen, T. and Lammintakanen, J., 2016. Management and leadership
competence in hospitals: a systematic literature review. Leadership in Health
Services. 29(1). pp.95-110.
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