Leadership and Management: Assessment 1 - Leadership Analysis

This essay examines key concepts in leadership and management. It begins by defining the characteristics of a successful leader, drawing on theories like the Great Man Theory, Katz's Three Skills Model, Situational Leadership, and Transformational Leadership. The essay then explores how leadership skills can be developed through training, employee rotation, and awareness programs. A significant portion of the essay distinguishes leadership from management, outlining their differences in definition, meaning, emphasis, and perspective. Finally, the author reflects on their personal learning experiences in leadership, highlighting the practical application of different leadership theories and strategies, particularly within the context of their own experiences. The analysis includes examples from Marks and Spencer to illustrate the concepts discussed.

LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
ASSESSMENT 1.............................................................................................................................3
1. What is involved in being a successful leader?..................................................................3
2. Can good leadership be developed and if so, how?............................................................4
3. What distinguishes leadership from management?............................................................6
4. What have you personally learnt about leadership from your own experience, on this course
and elsewhere?........................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

ASSESSMENT 1
1. What is involved in being a successful leader?
As per views of Robinson, Fallon and Crotts, (2016), successful leader must require
integrity which helps to make people honest, fair, candid and forthright. It also successfully
develops program to respond as more loyal and perform several business functions in systematic
manner. An efficient leader needs to inspire team work to get things done in the best manner.
Furthermore, successful leaders make effective communication to provide feedback, inform
people, motivate them to connect with each other. As a result, it impacts positively on results. Great man theory: Great man theory of leadership it can be stated that leaders are born
not made. As per this theory, leadership ascertain with several qualities such as charm,
persuasiveness, commanding personality, high degree of intuition, courage, intelligence
etc. Further implications of this theory is that leaders are gifts of god to mankind (Janda,
Patrick and Layberry, 2015). Measure of divinity is attributed to leaders and their actions.
Each person cannot aspire to become a leader to attain greatness. Inborn leadership
qualities possess by great man leaders that assists to exercise and influence to followers
and become successful. For instance, in Marks and Spencer with the help of inborn
leadership qualities, leaders can exercise which influence their followers and become
successful. Katz's three skills model: In this kind of leadership approach, it can be stated that there
are three different skills of leaders must develop such as technical skills, human skills and
conceptual skills. Katz argued that these skills are quite different from traits and qualities
of leaders. As a result, skills can be defined as ability of a person which assists to
accomplish goals and objectives. Technical skill is knowledge about competency and
proficiency (Belias, Trivellas and Grigoriou, 2017). Human skills is one which enable to
work with people. Hence, it assists to communicate and work within team. Conceptual
skill are ability to work with ideas and several concepts. Therefore, it assists to
understand better and decide actions with measurement which taken in field of work. For
example, in Marks and Spencer as per observation of theory of Katz it can be stated that
level of importance towards each set of skills directly correlated with level of particular
person in the business.

 Situational approach of leadership: Situational approach to leadership define basic
premise in which different situations demand several kinds of leadership. This approach
successfully implement in effective management style in Marks and Spencer. Situational
approach consist with set of values and attitude so that each individual and group deal
with it (Long, Yong and Chuen, 2016). However, it can be complicated which include
five elements such as structure of interpersonal relationship in group, characteristics of
the group & environment from where members come, physical constraints on the group
so that perpetual representation in a group. Situational leadership approach assists to
make several changes that are continually established to meet with needs of in Marks and
Spencer goals which based on particular situation (Robinson, Fallon and Crotts, 2016).
 Transformational leadership: Transformational leadership can be defined as approach
that causes change in particular individual and social system. In ideal form, it creates
valuable and positive aspect of change for developing followers into leaders
(Transformational Leadership Theory, 2018). For example, In Marks and Spencer this
leadership style helps to relate positively organisational performances and four elements
of theory such as individual consideration, intellectual simulation, inspirational
motivation and idealised influence. In the business, transformational theory depicts
setting of valuable and positive aspects of changes that develop by followers. Valuable
changes assists to lead whole group of members in positive aspect.
2. Can good leadership be developed and if so, how?
In order to develop positive consideration, it can be stated that good leadership will assist
to lead with more career development. As a result, it can be develop successfully with several
practices which is important to attain desired level of results. In Marks and Spencer, there are
several ways to develop good leadership qualities. Following are certain strategies which play
vital for developing employee leadership skills that are beneficial for employee and employers:
 Educating or Training employees: In order to develop desired level of results, it is
essential to concentrate on individual growth. With this regard, encouraging networking
at workplace with providing lunch breaks, after work events, etc., leader can influence in
positive aspect. In Marks and Spencer, networking helps to teach & creating powerful
connections with taking several initiatives. It also develops business opportunities to
share ideas and knowledge with different people in business (Pradhan, Panda and Jena,

2017). For example, as per following great man theory it can be stated that in Marks and
Spencer leader lead with good leadership that can be successfully develop to encourage
employees to create network. This is because, successful leaders are born not made. They
can arise when there is great need so that it can be stated that successful operations can be
successfully develop to attain overall goals and objectives in systematic manner. With
this consideration, powerful connections with different employees has been successfully
developed to share ideas and knowledge to take several initiatives. It stated that several
people born with necessary attributes which set them from others to be responsible to
assume particular position of power and authority (Janda, Patrick and Layberry, 2015). Rotate position of employees: In order to ensure that employees of the selected firm are
not stagnant in their positions. Therefore, different opportunities also provided to grow
and pursue leadership roles. In this way, it is essential to rotate position to increase their
learning and efficiency. As a result, it helps to enhance their performances and growth in
the enterprise. According to situational approach, leadership studies in Marks and
Spencer for providing opportunities for growth (Wesley, Jackson and Lee, 2017). As a
result, with following situational approach employees follow with low competence, high
commitment, low commitment. This is because, each individual is important assets for
the enterprise so that in each situation this leadership approach make more growth of
individual with encounters to act differently. Consequently, for example Face to face
interaction show that customer take cares to develop more chance to set good impression.
 Develop awareness: As an important consideration, it is essential to look upon situational
awareness. It is marked as a good leader in the business. With the help of valuable skills,
leaders can handle complex projects with setting deadlines. Ability to foresee and more
suggestions assists to avoid potential problems (Harrison, Paul and Burnard, 2016). It
assists in handling recognise opportunities with recognition. According to
transformational leadership theory, effective relationship of leaders works in a team to
identify change. It helps to create vision and guide change with inspiration and execute
change as per situational awareness. For increasing awareness, it considers inspirational
motivation, intellectual stimulation, idealised influence and individualised consideration
(Long, Yong and Chuen, 2016). Hence, for instance in Marks and Spencer valuable skills
successfully develop to attain more effectiveness.

3. What distinguishes leadership from management?
Leadership can be defined as setting of new direction or vision for a group which they
follow. Therefore, leader is the spearhead for new direction (Pradhan, Panda and Jena, 2017). On
the other hand, management consist control or direct with people/resources in a particular group
with several principles and values that are established in successful manner. In following ways,
leadership different from management:
Basis Leadership Management
Definition Leadership is a quality of influencing
people so that objectives can be achieved
willingly.
However, management is
discipline of managing things in
the best possible way. It is an art
of getting things done from
others.
Meaning Leadership consider skills to lead others
with using examples. For example,
motivation skills, delegation skills,
positivity skills, trustworthiness, etc.
On the other hand, management
consider art systematically to
organise and coordinating things
in efficient manner. For instance,
time management,
communication, problem solving,
etc. (Belias, Trivellas and
Grigoriou, 2017).
Basis Leadership is based on trust. Beside this, management is based
on control.
Emphasis on Leadership emphasizes on inspiring other
people. For example, in the chosen
business, leaders create successful vision
(Pradhan, Panda and Jena, 2017).
As compare to this, management
emphasis on managing several
activities at workplace. For
instance, in the selected
enterprise manager create goals.
Focus on Leadership focuses on encouragement However, management bringing

change so that positive outcomes and goals
can be accomplish in the best possible
way. For example, in Marks and Spencer,
leaders focus on competitive, customer
knowledge, cross functional knowledge,
etc. (Wesley, Jackson and Lee, 2017).
stability that ascertained with
systematic work and perform
several functions in the business.
For instance, provide better
feedback, setting clearer
objectives, give employees
autonomy, etc.
Formulation Leadership successfully formulate
principles and guidelines which would be
beneficial to set direction for people.
On the other hand, in this
consideration policies and
procedure has been set to
determine significant advantages
at workplace.
Perspective Leadership has perspective to develop
good foresightedness which requires
among leaders to focus on effectiveness.
For example, in Marks and Spencer
leaders focuses on making long term plans
that assists to develop positive more
productivity.
Besides this, management
consider short range perspective
to attain overall goals and
objectives. For instance, making
short term plans (Harrison, Paul
and Burnard, 2016).
4. What have you personally learnt about leadership from your own experience, on this course
and elsewhere?
In order to deal with effective leadership, it can be stated that more effective learning
assists to increase own experience in Marks and Spencer as successful leader. With the help of
technological innovations, leader can make drive change in the business (Mah, Hasdell and
Demaio, 2017). In order to look upon many opportunities, it can be stated that leadership and
management both concepts helps me to encourage my team work. With this regard, effective
communication of mine aids to promote program and provide feedback to inform people. In
addition to this, team learning and connection with each other successfully develop to
ascertained program. Successful leader must require concentrating on development of integrity

which assists to make loyal people through promote several business functions. As a result, it
includes people involvement to increase team performances. Following are certain theories
helps to increase my own learning as perspective on leadership concepts:
In order to work in Marks and Spencer, I had a good experience to lead with people. This
is because, there are very energetic employees to ascertained desired level of outcomes. With the
help of participation of several people, it can be stated that team performances will be
continuously enhance. Therefore, it assists me to lead successfully in a team. Moreover, as per
my own experience it can be stated that more efforts are made among team members that helps
me to encourage towards business goals and objectives. I had used promotional approach that is
beneficial to attain targets and goals in positive consideration. As a result, it helps to maintain
creativeness at workplace in successful manner.
Great man theory
According to this theory, it can be stated that in leaders of Marks and Spencer possess
qualities with inborn. This is because of generation to generation, inherited in family. At
workplace, I am working with great man leadership qualities with independent variables so that
demand of task accomplish in a general way to focus on socio economic environment that have
little influence on emergence (Dievernich, Tokarski and Gong, 2016). Present theory carries
some credibility in extent that leaders considered in a particular way that can be viewed and
increase awareness of followers. However, as per critical evaluation it can be stated that it is not
based on any scientific and empirical validity. Hence, it is rejected by many modern theorists
(Janda, Patrick and Layberry, 2015). Furthermore, I have not effective qualities and actions to
inspire with implicit aspects in the chosen business. As a result, it must be develops to increase
effectiveness of mine in the selected enterprise.
As per great man theory, it has been analysed that leadership successfully develop in
general consideration which influence people to perform several qualitative aspects.
Furthermore, commanding personality, high degree of intuition, courage, etc. elements assists to
focus on effective leadership qualities in appropriate manner. Inborn leadership qualities are
more important and exercise which is essentially followed by leaders in successful manner.
Moreover, employees in Marks and Spencer encourage to create successful network to
set targets and goals. With this regard, ideas and knowledge can be share to take several
initiatives. There are several business opportunities increases which would be beneficial to attain

overall targets and goals. Necessary attributes has been set to possess effective position of power.
Different theories helps to take support as successful leader. Hence, growth opportunities also
provided to enhance interaction for good impression. Each person is important asset in the
business so that it is essential to look upon effective leadership approach. Situational awareness
also increase to look upon opportunities and growth which is recognised to attain valuable skills
to increase more effectiveness at workplace.
Situational approach
Situational approach from leadership style can be successfully defines that it is refers
when leader or manager in the business can adjust style and it can be fit for development level of
followers. Situational theory of leadership also based on best suited work and task which
contribute to getting job done in positive aspect. Hence, I have identified several connections
which helps me in decision making in the best possible manner. There are mainly four elements
considered performing work with situational approach such as telling, selling, participating and
delegating. As a result, at maturity levels it can be successfully develop in appropriate manner
(Brewster, Chung and Sparrow, 2016). Telling aspect of situational approach require for me to
develop because of specific skills' requirement for particular job. For second aspect selling,
individuals are more able to do their tasks so that people are demotivated for particular job.
Situational leadership approach can be successfully defines as essential premise which
consider in particular situation. In this way, effective management style helps to gain value to
deal with more creative goals and objectives. According to particular situation, there are certain
characteristics represent physical constraints in a group. Therefore, it assists to make continuous
changes that helps to meet with goals and objectives of Marks and Spencer. In order to make
develop appropriate work, it can be stated that on the basis of particular situation constraints
must be seen to maintain structural interpersonal relationship.
Katz's three skills model
In this approach, it can be stated that there are certain leadership skills which helps to
take account of the knowledge and abilities which possess by leader. Hence, they can learn
certain skills which turn into remarkable one (Robinson, Fallon and Crotts, 2016). They are as
follows: Technical skills: Technical skills is proficiency which based on my specific knowledge
in particular area of work. With possessing technical skills, as a manager of Marks and

Spencer, I have competent and knowledgeable to work with respect and take several
activities that are considered in specific outcomes of the business. Organisational rules
and standards operating with procedure for products and services in the enterprise
(Belias, Trivellas and Grigoriou, 2017). Technical skills is very helpful for the chosen
business for its top level managers. This is because, it assists to do work together to
accomplish purposes that influence superiors, peers and subordinates. As critically
evaluation, I require effective technical skills which refer to being knowledgeable
proficient for specific work and activity. Consequently, it is most important at lower and
middle level of management (Wesley, Jackson and Lee, 2017). Human skills: In contrast to technical skills, human skills are most important proficiency
in order to my work with people that based on my own knowledge. It considered that
how I am operating within the group so that in Marks and Spencer these skills enable to
me as managers that influence team members to work together. Different issues solve
easily with higher level of interpersonal skills which assists to work better and adopt
more ideas (Harrison, Paul and Burnard, 2016). Furthermore, leaders are more sensitive
to do their work and take other needs and motivations. Human skills also set as
interpersonal skills which required to me at all three levels of the chosen business. As a
result, it increases support for supervisory, middle management and senior management.
As critical evaluation, human skills refer as an ability to do their work with several
numbers of people. It increases aware of one person perspective on issue to appreciate
inputs with openness (Long, Yong and Chuen, 2016). For instance, effective verbal and
written communication, etc.
 Conceptual skills: Moreover, conceptual skills also assists to do my work with effective
ideas so that it effect positive on me and my work environment. As a manager, there are
several things which I learned which would be beneficial to focus on organisation vision.
Expressing ideas and information in verbal and written form, economic principles aligned
to assess abstract ideas (Mekraz and Gundala, 2016). With this consideration, it can be
stated that I have required conceptual skills that allow to me to give abstract which means
that people making more effective ideas for their superiors, peers and subordinates
(Katz’s Three-Skill Approach, 2018). Moreover, people are also encourage to take
advantage from each opportunity which develop ability to learn conceptually. Different

skills necessary for me to attain more effectiveness which is required for leaders to take
several advantages. Conceptual skills are most important which considered as creativity,
decision making and interconnectedness to develop strategic thinking and problem
solving (Pradhan, Panda and Jena, 2017).
With this consideration, it is essential to look upon different people abilities. This is
because, different people capabilities essentially match with three kinds of skills to accomplish
objectives and goals. Technical, human and conceptual. As a result, it assists to understand better
work which ascertained to attain positive outcomes in the business. Moreover, it is also useful to
gain creativeness to understand better and desirable actions.
Transformational leadership
Transformational leadership approach consider causes of change in social system.
Therefore, it helps to identify valuable and positive aspects of modifications. In this regard,
intellectual simulation, inspirational motivation influence to attain overall goals and objectives of
Marks and Spencer. It creates positive impact on performing different tasks and activities.
Also, it can be defined that leadership and management is important consideration which
differ from each other to getting things done in better manner. Leadership is an approach that is
useful to influence people to accomplish their goals and objectives. On the other hand,
management determines influence to make better things. Furthermore, leadership possess
positive skills to delegate tasks while management consider systematic work in efficient manner.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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empowerment: The mediating effect of organizational culture in Indian retail industry.
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Mekraz, A. and Gundala, R.R., 2016. Leadership style and retail store performance-A case study
of discount retail chain. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research. 10(2).
Long, C.S., Yong, L.Z. and Chuen, T.W., 2016. Analysis of the relationship between leadership
styles and affective organizational commitment. International Journal of Management,
Accounting and Economics. 3(10). pp.572-598.
Harrison, C., Paul, S. and Burnard, K., 2016. Entrepreneurial leadership in retail pharmacy:
developing economy perspective. Journal of Workplace Learning. 28(3). pp.150-167.
Wesley, S.C., Jackson, V.P. and Lee, M., 2017. The perceived importance of core soft skills
between retailing and tourism management students, faculty and businesses. Employee
Relations. 39(1). pp.79-99.
Belias, D., Trivellas, P. and Grigoriou, I., 2017. Human resource management, strategic
leadership development and the Greek tourism sector. In Tourism, Culture and Heritage
in a Smart Economy (pp. 189-205). Springer, Cham.
Robinson, P., Fallon, P. and Crotts, J.C. eds., 2016. Operations management in the travel
industry. Cabi.
Brewster, C., Chung, C. and Sparrow, P., 2016. Globalizing human resource management.
Routledge.
Janda, K.B., Patrick, J. and Layberry, R., 2015, June. A WICKED approach to retail sector
energy management. In Proceedings of ECEEE Summer Study (pp. 1-6).
Dievernich, F.E., Tokarski, K.O. and Gong, J., 2016. Change Management and the Human
Factor. Springer International Pu.
Mah, C.L., Hasdell, R. and Demaio, A.R., 2017. Entrepreneurialism and health-promoting retail
food environments in Canadian city-regions. Health promotion international. 33(6).
pp.1055-1065.
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