Leadership and Management: Theories and Applications Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive comparison of leadership and management, exploring their distinct characteristics and practical applications within organizations. It begins by defining leadership as a process of social influence aimed at maximizing efforts to achieve goals, and management as the coordination and administration of tasks to achieve company objectives. The report then delves into various leadership theories, including contingency theory and situational leadership theory, and management theories like the Henry Fayol Management theory and Bureaucratic Management theory. Key differences between leaders and managers are highlighted, focusing on areas such as emphasis, power, strategy, formulation, and perspective. The report further illustrates the application of leadership and management principles in real-world scenarios, using the example of Freeman Hospital to demonstrate how effective leadership and management are critical in healthcare settings, particularly in patient care and crisis management. The report concludes by emphasizing the complementary roles of leaders and managers in driving organizational success.

LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................2
MAIN BODY.............................................................................................................................2
Presenting the difference between leadership and management............................................2
Leadership and management application in real organization...............................................5
CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Leadership plays an important role in the success of the company and it is act of
guiding of team or individual in order to attain the certain goals through motivation. On the
other side, management is a set of principles which is related to the functions of planning,
organizing and controlling the resources in effective manner. In the same way, current study
will help to understand the concepts of leadership and management by using range of theories
and models. In addition to this, the study is also provide a differences between leadership and
management by supporting the models and then by using a company, study will demonstrate
how the leadership and management may happen in a real organization.
MAIN BODY
Presenting the difference between leadership and management
Leadership is the process of a social influence that assist to maximize the efforts of
others in order to attain the specific goal. Through effective leadership skills, company
motivate the employees in order to increase the performance of an employees which in turn
generate the human relations. Thus, it is consider an important function of management that
assist to maximize efficiency and also attain the goals (Diamond and Spillane, 2016). There
are different theories used by leaders in order to take a business at further level of success.
Some of them are as mention below:
Contingency theory: As per this theory, there is no best leadership style is best in all
situation and also stated that great leaders are able to assess the needs of their followers and
then adjust their behaviors accordingly. That is why, it is analyzed that the success depends
upon number of variables which includes leadership style and quality of the followers.
Hence,a best leader have a trait along with an ability toincrease the followers in order to
make better decision.
Situational leadership theory: This is another theory which stated that leaders
change their style as per the situation and this in turn stated that the theory does not consider
anyone’s leadership style in order to become more better than others. In an organization there
are different situation and that is why, it is depend upon the leaders how they manage the
work as per adopting the best leadership style (Hassi, 2019). That is why, this theory is
applied by most of the leaders of top company in order to stay ahead in the competition.

Management is a coordination and administration of a task that is used to achieve the
goal of a company. This term also includes setting up a strategy within organization and also
coordinating the efforts of staff to attain the objectives by using available resources. Further,
the best example of management is how a person handles their personal finance and also
concern when dealing with any complex situation. Managers plays an important role in a firm
such that they provides leadership to others and also coordinate with other employees as well.
There are different theory used by the managers to increase the level of performance and
some of them are as mention below:
HenyFayol Management theory: As per this theory, there are five functions of
administrative management are applied by the managers in order to deal with their team and
this are planning, organizing, controlling and coordinating and forecasting (Castillo and
Hallinger, 2018). Along with this some principles are also analyzed that makes managers
more responsible in order to meet the define aim. Such that
 Division of work: Employees must have a complementary skills which makes them
specialize in certain work.
 Authority: Management are authorize such that they provide offers to their
employees.
 Discipline: Provides an idea to the employees so that they listen to command and
work as per the need
 Unity of command: Employees have to answer to managers and for that they must
prepare proper reason for that.
 Unity of direction: Team should work together in order to attain the set goal.
 Subordination of individual interest: Team always come before an individual.
 Remuneration: There are monetary and non-monetary form of remuneration which
assist to motivate the employees (Theory of management, 2020).
 Centralization: Manager make a balance between employees and employer
Thus, this functions shows that managers also plays an important role in the success of a
company and that is why, they are necessary asset for the firm in order to make the decision.
Bureaucratic Management theory: It is consider as a sociological approach which
provide the importance of structuring of a business in a hierarchical manner that assist to
provide clear rules and regulation. Thus, Max Weber also describe five principles such that
task specialization, Hierarchy, Formal Selection, Rules and requirements,

Impersonal(Golensky and Hager, 2020). With the help of such theory, organization run in
effective manner and though it is not easy to implement the ideas but with the help of leader
and team members company is able to manage the work and improve the brad image of a
firm as well.
Key difference between leader and manager
Particulars Leadership Management
Meaning It is skills that helps to lead the people
through example and keep them motivating
in order to attain the define goals.
It is an art which assist to organize
as well as coordinate the things in
an effective manner so that the
define task is attained (Adler and
Laasch, 2020).
Basis Leadership is only based upon trust between
the employees.
Management is relied upon the
control and this in turn assist to
achieve the goals.
Emphasis Leader always inspire the people and that is
why, they make followers. It means
employees learn from then and this creates
direct impact upon business
Manager manages the activities
which means they always support
the employees by considering their
views in order to set the target.
Power Leaders influence the candidate which assist
the employees so that they improve the
results in order to meet the define aim
(Difference between leadership and
management, 2020).
Manager have a power to make
rules and provide direction to
leaders so that they let the
employees in order to understand
the things in better manner.
Focus on Leaders mainly focus upon changes and that
is why, they encourage employees to perform
well and accomplish the specified target as
well.
Manager wants to bring stability
within a company and that is why,
they develop strategy to meet the
define task.
Strategy Leaders always use proactive strategy in
order to keep their employees motivated.
On the other side, managers uses
reactive theory in which they did
not concern with employees and
make decision accordingly.

Formulation They set proper guidelines and principles
which in turn improve the results. It is so
because they wants to keep their employees
and team members motivated.
Managers of a company only uses
policies and procedures which is
already developed by the company.
Also tries to attain the define goals
with a support of leaders and team
members.
Perspective Leaders require good foresightedness and
that is why, they always have a strong vision
which in turn assist to determine the future
risk factors
Management has a short range of
perspective and this in turn affect
the overall results. So managers do
not think for long term and this in
turn affect the results.
Leadership and management application in real organization
From the above discussion it is very clear that the use of leadership and management
is very essential in order to have successful running (Bhanot, 2018). This is particularly
because of the reason that when the companies will effectively make use of the leadership
and management then this will clear the goals and strategies of company and employees will
work in effective manner. This can be seen in the following situation within the Freeman
hospital in Newcastle. In the field of providing health and care facilities the most essential
thing for the hospital is the effective use of the leadership and management. The major reason
underlying this fact is that the hospital deals in care provide to the patients and people
suffering from various disease. If anything goes wrong then this may result in severe
outcomes and may even result in death of a person. Thus, for the Freeman hospital it is very
effective and important to make effective use of leadership and management.
For instance if a patient has come for taking the treatment of heart disease then it is
the role of the manager that they try to arrange for all the past medical history of the patient.
This is necessary as for providing treatment to the patient it is essential for the effective
providing of treatment. This is particularly because of the reason that if the manager will try
to gather the medical history then this will be helpful in providing better and effective
treatment. Further if manager without knowing the medical history provides treatment to the
patient then this might risk the life of patient. The major reason for this is that the manager
does not know that already the patient is suffering from any other disease or is allergic to

some medicine. Thus, in this situation the role of leader is not effective as there is no
involvement of leader in the present situation.
On the other side if a situation arises in the hospital that by mistake the nurse gave
wrong medicine to the patient. Thus, in this situation the role of leader and manager will be
different as both the leader and manager are having different role within the hospital and its
working. The manager in this situation will scold the nurse as the nurse works under the
manager (Lees and Armit, 2020). Here the role of the manger is to try to explain the nurse
that what the repercussions of this little mistake are. This is particularly because of the fact
that this small mistake can even result in the death of the patient. Thus, here the role of leader
is of a person who will train the nurse the importance of working in ethical and discipline
manner and by following all the code and conduct of nursing.
Further on the other side the here the role of leader is different as they have no direct
communication with the nurses. Further with this incident it might be possible that the family
of the patient might have taken some legal action against the company and here comes the
role of leader. The leader will try to convince the family of the patient that this was done by
mistake and the leader will be responsible for managing the family of patient and the
managerial aspect of this situation.
Further because of this incident it might be possible that hospital has to compensate
for the loss happened to the patient. Thus, here is the role of leader that is to decide for the
amount of compensation which is to be provided to the patient and his family. On the other
hand, even it might be possible that because of this incident the goodwill of the hospital is
also affected. Hence, this is also the role of the leader to try to improve goodwill and market
position of the hospital as well (Miller, Till and McKimm, 2018). Thus, for this the strategies
of marketing will be prepared by the leaders and then this will be communicated to the
manager and they will implement these strategies in the same manner. Further in this
situation the role of leader was to make strategies and role of manager will be to implement
the strategies and monitor that strategy is being used in same manner.
CONCLUSION
By summing up above report it has been concluded that both leader and manager has
different roles but they assist the company to meet the define aim. Such that leader motivate
the employees while manager assign roles and responsibility to the team so that they attain

the set goals. The study also provide a differences by using the key theories such that
contingency, situational and Henry Fayol and Bureaucratic. Moreover, the study concluded
that with the help of relevant examples, the company provide range of examples which
clearly shows that there is a difference between the role of a manager and leaders.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Adler, N.J. and Laasch, O., 2020. Responsible leadership and management: Key distinctions
and shared concerns. In Research Handbook of Responsible Management. Edward
Elgar Publishing.
Bhanot, R., 2018. Improving leadership and management education in medical
school. Advances in medical education and practice. 9. p.305.
Castillo, F.A. and Hallinger, P., 2018. Systematic review of research on educational
leadership and management in Latin America, 1991–2017. Educational Management
Administration & Leadership. 46(2).pp.207-225.
Diamond, J.B. and Spillane, J.P., 2016. School leadership and management from a distributed
perspective: A 2016 retrospective and prospective. Management in
Education. 30(4).pp.147-154.
Golensky, M. and Hager, M.A., 2020. Strategic leadership and management in nonprofit
organizations: Theory and practice. Oxford University Press.
Hassi, A., 2019. Empowering leadership and management innovation in the hospitality
industry context. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Lees, P. and Armit, K., 2020. UK approach to embedding medical leadership: progress and
challenges. BMJ Leader, pp.leader-2020.
Miller, C.J., Till, A. and McKimm, J., 2018. Exploring UK health-care providers'
engagement of trainee doctors in leadership. British Journal of Hospital
Medicine. 79(5). pp.279-283.
Online
Difference between leadership and management. 2020. [Online]. Available through:
<https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-leadership-and-management.html>.
Theory of management. 2020. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.business.com/articles/popular-management-theories-decoded/>.