Unit 04 Report: Leadership and Management in Organizational Contexts

This report delves into the core concepts of leadership and management within an organizational context. It begins by defining and comparing the distinct roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, highlighting their respective responsibilities and identifying potential problem areas. The report then examines how these roles apply in different situational contexts, such as product launches and conflict resolution, providing practical examples. Furthermore, it explores and applies various leadership theories and models, including situational, systems, and contingency leadership. The second part of the report focuses on operations management, explaining key approaches and the roles of leaders and managers in this area. It emphasizes the importance of operations management in achieving business objectives and assesses the impact of factors within the business environment on operational decision-making. The report concludes with a synthesis of the key findings and insights gained from the analysis.

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Unit - 04
Management and Operations
Report

Contents
Executive Summary:...................................................................................................................................3
Introduction:................................................................................................................................................4
Task 1..........................................................................................................................................................5
Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager to identify where the
problem lies.................................................................................................................................................5
Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational
contexts.......................................................................................................................................................8
Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems leadership and
contingency...............................................................................................................................................10
Task 2........................................................................................................................................................12
Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play........12
Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives................14
Assess the factors within the business environment that impact operational management and decision-
making by leaders and managers...............................................................................................................16
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................18
Reference:................................................................................................................................................19

Executive Summary:
Management is the core department of the business. It is controlled by the leader and manager of
the organization. Leader and manager have different roles in the organization. These roles of the
leader and functions of the manager have to maintain the organizational different situation
correctly. For this, they have to follow some approaches. Operational management is another
important department of the organization. It has so many important and values. Some other
factors influence the business and its activities.

Introduction:
The organization have so many departments and each department have different responsibilities.
Management is one of the important departments of the organization. It introduces leader and
manager for the organization. Leader helps the organization to motivate the subordinates to reach
their goals. Manager work for making plan and procedure to make it happen. To reach the
organizational goal, leader and manager have to understand their roles and functions also. This
will help them to make a good business operation.

Task 1
Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager to
identify where the problem lies.
The organization have so many activities to do for giving services and making production.
Leadership and management are two main activities organization have to maintain. Leadership is
a quality that drives a group in a path that gives perfect feedback or follows the path to work.
The person who is maintaining this quality is known as a leader (N.J. Aquilano, 2006). In the
organization, management is an activity that manages a group of people and gives them a certain
work to follow and maintain. The person who is managing that certain responsibility is known as
a manager. In the organization, both manager and leader have some important roles and
responsibilities. Both manager and leader have certain characteristics which make them able to
do those roles and responsibilities. Osymar Construction Limited managing director has to know
the roles and characteristics of leader and manager so that they can realize them and apply them
in their business management. In below, we will discuss it.
Roles: Roles are the regular activities that have to do by the manager and leader of the
organization. Osymar Construction Limited company didn't know the roles of the manager and
leader. This will face him problems to manage their subordinates. So, they have to keep proper
knowledge about leader and manager roles.
Influencing Subordinates: A leader of the organization can influence their subordinates by his
behavior. His behavior is a thing that makes feelings in the mind of the subordinate follow them.
A leader can influence the feelings and goals of the subordinates more than a manager. A
manager can't go out of his boundary. He has to work in a certain area. For this, he only can
influence his subordinates in those certain areas. He also tries to influence them in that area so
that they can give the best effort to them. Osymar Construction Limited company can follow this
role so that their manager can know about its responsibilities. He also knows that he can't go
outside his certain area (N.J. Aquilano, 2006). He has to give his best in his certain area to
motivate and influence the subordinates. On the other hand, an Osymar leader has to know that
he can make a direction to manage and influence the subordinates.

Goals and Visions: In the organization, Leader can think openly about their goals. They always
try that their goals and visions should be matched with the organization goals and visions. They
create their goals and vision in a way that should be understandable by their subordinates. On the
other hand, the manager can't create his own goals and vision for the organization. Because he
has to do what is set by the organization. Here is the difference between a manager and a leader.
A manager only can do that he embraces the objectives of the organization and work on them.
Osymar companies can set goals and vision which is related to their business. It is also
understandable by the employees of the organization. On the other hand, Osymar company's
manager has to focus on the company's objectives and work on them. He has certain goals and he
can't think of his own goals for the company.
Characteristics: Characteristics are those things that make the leader and manager able the jobs
perfectly. It also means the personality and ability of the manager and leader. Osymar
Construction Limited have to about the characteristics of the manager and leader.
Experience: When people have experience of work, they feel much confidence whatever he or
she does. Then people call them as an expert. It is an important characteristic for a leader in the
organization. When people work in the same field for so many days, he knows and everything
about that field (N.J. Aquilano, 2006). A leader is a person who has that experience. On the other
hand, the manager may appoint a newcomer for the organization. He has less experience than a
leader. A leader has the skills which gives him much more confidence than a manager. Osymar
company have to see this characteristic so that they can differentiate the manager and leader jobs.
Knowledge: It is an important characteristic for both manager and leader. They have to know
their roles, responsibilities exactly. It will help them to manage their subordinates. It also helps
them to reach the organization objectives. Osymar company have to aware that every leader and
manager have to keep knowledge about their jobs.
Independent in Jobs: It is a common characteristic that a leader is much independent in his job.
He can think about whatever good for the organization. But here a manager's characteristic is the
opposite of a leader. He can't feel independent in his job. He has certain duties which are set by
the organization.

Exercise of power: A leader can easily exercise his power. He has that experience which makes
him capable to exercise his power. But a manager can't exercise his power that much accurately.
Because he has not that much experience of work and he feels hesitant to exercise his power to
his subordinates.

Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in
different situational contexts.
In the organization, a leader is a person who influences the subordinates and leads them to work
for the organization. The role of a leader is so many. He has to guide, motivate and taking the
objectives and make them a goal for the organization. Osymer Construction company can utilize
their leadership roles in their organizational activities (N.J. Aquilano, 2006). This will give a big
dimension to solve their organizational problem. Leader of the organization work in a different
organizational situation. In below, we discuss it.
Product Launch decision-making: An organization is a body which is work for giving services
and products. To deliver a good quality product, an organization have to make a good plan to
give a quality full services and products. Here, the leader has an important role to make it
happen. He has the role to make an initial plan and make it happen. He has to motivate his
subordinates so that they work hard to make a qualities products and services. He also comes
forward to help his subordinate if they face any problem. He has to guide them to reach their
goals. A leader has a perfect vision for the launch of new products. He has the vision that the
product should be profitable for the organization. For this, he makes objectives that are related to
the production of quality services and products. Osymer company can realize the role of a leader
if their leader plays those roles. If they do so, Osymer company can launch quality services to
their customers.
Solve the Conflicts: Conflicts is common things in the organization. When there is two different
thinking arise for one decision-making process, there conflicts happen. A leader has an important
role to solve these conflicts. A leader is a person who has the power to influence subordinates.
Subordinates always happy with a leader decision. When lists happen, it is common for the
subordinates for seeking help from a leader (N.J. Aquilano, 2006). They have a strong trust in the
leader. The leader tries to solve the conflict in a way that both parties will be happy. Osymar
company can realize the power of the leader when they face conflicts in their leader. A leader is
a person who will negotiate the problem and manage the subordinates.
The manager is the official body has had some specific responsibilities. This responsibility is
known as the function of the manager. In the organization, the manager has to do this
responsibility so that they can manage the situation which is given by the organization. In

different organizational situation, the manager can do his responsibilities by taking some
managerial action. In below, we will discuss it.
Product Launch decision-making: Making products and services are the make work for an
organization. For this, organization have to take some step and monitor it at the end of the result.
The manager is the person who has to do this function. When an organization decide for
launching new products, the manager has to make a perfect plan and strategy to implement it. He
has to discuss with another department for seeking help to develop the products. He set the job of
the subordinate. He makes procedure This will help the subordinate to make a good quality
product. If there is a chance of loss for launching new products, it will be responsible for the
manager. So, he has to very careful in his job. Osymer company's manager has to care for his job
on new product launching. He has to make a plan in a way that the company may reach their goal
and launch good quality services.
Solve the Conflicts: In this function, the manager has to take some steps which will solve the
conflicts. They have to introduce some rules and regulation. These rules and regulations will
decrease the rate of conflicts (N.J. Aquilano, 2006). If conflicts arise, they have to make some
decision that will common for both party and they will come forward to solve the problem. This
is the function Osymer companies have to do for solving their conflicts in the organization. They
have to take precaution so that there is less chance of conflicts among subordinate.

Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency.
Leadership is a way that influences people to drive into specific thoughts. There are many
differences in the style of leadership. These differences depend on the different situation and
circumstance. Osymer company will find the different situation to operate their business. In this
different situation, their leader has to act differently. We can discuss some different approaches
to leadership (N.J. Aquilano, 2006). This is known as Contingency leadership, situational
leadership and system leadership. In below, we will discuss it.
Contingency Leadership: leadership approach said that leadership style will depend on the
favorability of the situation. That means if the situation is in favor of the leader, he can manage
and motivate the subordinate and drive them to organizational goals. There are two parts to
contingency leadership. These are Leadership style and Favorability of the situation.
Leadership style: In the organization, there are different type of people exist. The leader will
maintain their style of leadership by creating two categories. One they maintain their leadership
by making good relationship with the subordinates. This will make them understand their
subordinates and they can motivate what subordinate needs. Second, the leader makes task-
oriented leadership with their subordinates. Because all of the subordinates are not the same.
They are different in their characteristic. For this, the leader gives them a specific task that makes
them able to reach their organizational objectives.
Favorability of the situation: Leadership will depend on the favor of the situation. If a co-
worker has mass support to the leader, he or she can influence. There is some dimension in
leadership favorability.
The relationship is one dimension that makes a good situation to control their co-worker. If the
leader can maintain a good relationship, the situation will be in favor of him (N.J. Aquilano,
2006).
The task is another dimension to control the situation for favorable leadership. If a leader can
organize an easy structure of the task, they will get a favorable situation for their co-worker.
The last dimension is power. When a leader has more power, he or she can exercise it toward his
co-worker.

Osymer company faces some problem in their management. A leader can solve this problem by
taking appropriate leadership style and make the situation to favorable for him to solve.
Situational Leadership: Leadership can't control all their subordinates in the same way and the
same strategy. They have to understand the situation. Situation matter for controlling the
subordinates. The different situation has a different strategy to control the subordinates.
Situational leadership tell by four different styles (N.J. Aquilano, 2006). These are in the below.
Style of delegation is a situational approach that is needed for controlling mature people in the
organization. They need some delegation. They don't need extra care. Because they have old
experience of work.
Style of participating is a situational approach that is needed for an experienced worker. This
style of leadership will guide them to keep their working effort and maintain the service quality.
Style of selling different from others style. It tells the subordinates to sell more than before and
keep their working quality.
Style of telling is a situational leadership approach that explains that a leader has to work along
with the subordinates. This will like less relationship and more work activity.
Osymer company can follow this leadership approach while they are launching their new
projects. This will guide them to reach their destination with the help of different leadership
style.
System leadership: This leadership style tells that leader and the employees work together and
share their thoughts. By applying this leadership style, the organization will find the best result.
It changes the organizational structure significantly (N.J. Aquilano, 2006). This leadership style
is most powerful for the organization. Osymer Construction Limited company can use this
leadership approach and get the best result. This leadership style will not arise any conflicts in
the organization.