An In-Depth Analysis of Leadership and Management at Apple Inc.
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This report provides a comprehensive analysis of Apple Inc.'s leadership and management practices. It begins with an overview of the company's history, organizational structure, and product offerings, emphasizing its hierarchical structure and the shift from hardware to software and services. The report differentiates between the roles of managers and leaders, highlighting their responsibilities and contrasting their approaches to decision-making, risk-taking, and innovation. It examines the application of various management theories, including chaos theory and management by objectives, within Apple's operations. The report discusses how these theories have supported the company's growth and sustainable performance, especially in areas such as product design, quality management, and human resource management. Finally, the report concludes with an assessment of the impact of managers and leaders on the organization, offering recommendations for future improvements, such as enhancing customer connection, reducing product prices, and increasing transparency with employees. This report is a comprehensive study of the leadership and management principles at work within Apple Inc.
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Running head: LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
Name of the student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:
LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
Name of the student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:
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1LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
An introduction to the organisation and management structure:
The aim of this paper is to discuss the management and leadership process of Apple Inc.
Apple was established by Steve Wozniak and Steve jobs along with Ronald Wayne. In 1976
Apple I was first launched. This company was transformed in Apple computer incorporation in
1977. Over the next few tickets apple had shifted from hardware production to software and now
it has managed to employ its skills in iCloud also. Apple Inc. is the American technology
company that operates in different parts of the world. the corporation has its headquarter in
California. this is the company which operates in designing developing and selling the consumer
electronics and computer software. this particular company also provides online services and
considered to be e one of the four most important technological companies like Google,
Microsoft and Amazon.
Apple incorporation is mainly famous for its hardware products only the iPhone and smartphone.
including it they are iPad tablet and Mac computers iPod portable players and Apple
Smartwatch. this has also included the Apple TV which has digital media player. In addition to
this the company also produces air pods which is wireless here but along with home pot that is a
smart speaker. Along with hardware the software corner also is strong of Apple Inc. that include
is, MacOS, watchOS, ipad OS, tvOS and many others. In addition to this iLife, iWork, iTunes,
Safari, Final Cut Pro, logic Pro, X code are also some of the important products by this company.
Structure:
The organisational structure of Apple contributes to Rapid and effective innovation
process that can contribute in critical success factor of the business. This company has a
hierarchical organisational structure in which the Divisional features are present. This is a
An introduction to the organisation and management structure:
The aim of this paper is to discuss the management and leadership process of Apple Inc.
Apple was established by Steve Wozniak and Steve jobs along with Ronald Wayne. In 1976
Apple I was first launched. This company was transformed in Apple computer incorporation in
1977. Over the next few tickets apple had shifted from hardware production to software and now
it has managed to employ its skills in iCloud also. Apple Inc. is the American technology
company that operates in different parts of the world. the corporation has its headquarter in
California. this is the company which operates in designing developing and selling the consumer
electronics and computer software. this particular company also provides online services and
considered to be e one of the four most important technological companies like Google,
Microsoft and Amazon.
Apple incorporation is mainly famous for its hardware products only the iPhone and smartphone.
including it they are iPad tablet and Mac computers iPod portable players and Apple
Smartwatch. this has also included the Apple TV which has digital media player. In addition to
this the company also produces air pods which is wireless here but along with home pot that is a
smart speaker. Along with hardware the software corner also is strong of Apple Inc. that include
is, MacOS, watchOS, ipad OS, tvOS and many others. In addition to this iLife, iWork, iTunes,
Safari, Final Cut Pro, logic Pro, X code are also some of the important products by this company.
Structure:
The organisational structure of Apple contributes to Rapid and effective innovation
process that can contribute in critical success factor of the business. This company has a
hierarchical organisational structure in which the Divisional features are present. This is a
2LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
product based grouping in which different managers from different departments and divisions
work together the company has a weak functional Matrix that involves and interdivisional
collaboration and reserve hierarchy. It is the spoke and wheel hierarchy where the CEO of Apple
Steve Jobs had made all the strategic management decisions. he is the centre of the whale and
regulate the operations of every division. under the leadership of Tim Cook recently the
hierarchy has changed slightly. now this company has become more collaborative in terms of
matching and communicating among the managers of different departments1. the Vice Presidents
have more autonomy in this company e that are limited to their skills. the upper tier of
Management has a function based grouping that is an element received from the functional types
of the organisational structure the Vice Presidents and senior Vice Presidents report to the CEO
of the company to handle business functions. these Vice Presidents have managers under them
who connect the ground level Employees with the higher management.
Definition and roles of both managers and leaders, highlighting the differences between
management and leadership:
It is often question that the responsibility of the managers and the leaders are not similar. the
leaders are responsible for planning and organising things but the managers take care of
coordination among all the department and keeping the human resource motivated. the leaders
1 Hamilton, Clovia. "Q&A: Does Machiavelli's the Prince Have Relevant Lessons for Modern High-Tech
Managers and Leaders?." Hamilton, C.(2017).“Q&A. Does Machiavelli’s The Prince have relevant lessons
for Modern High Tech Managers and Leaders (2017): 40-47. Retrieved from
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3072856
product based grouping in which different managers from different departments and divisions
work together the company has a weak functional Matrix that involves and interdivisional
collaboration and reserve hierarchy. It is the spoke and wheel hierarchy where the CEO of Apple
Steve Jobs had made all the strategic management decisions. he is the centre of the whale and
regulate the operations of every division. under the leadership of Tim Cook recently the
hierarchy has changed slightly. now this company has become more collaborative in terms of
matching and communicating among the managers of different departments1. the Vice Presidents
have more autonomy in this company e that are limited to their skills. the upper tier of
Management has a function based grouping that is an element received from the functional types
of the organisational structure the Vice Presidents and senior Vice Presidents report to the CEO
of the company to handle business functions. these Vice Presidents have managers under them
who connect the ground level Employees with the higher management.
Definition and roles of both managers and leaders, highlighting the differences between
management and leadership:
It is often question that the responsibility of the managers and the leaders are not similar. the
leaders are responsible for planning and organising things but the managers take care of
coordination among all the department and keeping the human resource motivated. the leaders
1 Hamilton, Clovia. "Q&A: Does Machiavelli's the Prince Have Relevant Lessons for Modern High-Tech
Managers and Leaders?." Hamilton, C.(2017).“Q&A. Does Machiavelli’s The Prince have relevant lessons
for Modern High Tech Managers and Leaders (2017): 40-47. Retrieved from
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3072856
3LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
are responsible to develop vision and set the rules so that the strategies of the companies can be
developed by the managers. The leaders are more inspirational and through their communication
skill and decision making styles motivate the subordinates. they are the decision makers in the
organisations who set rules and goals of the organisations. the managers on the other hand
implement those policies and plan how they can help or guide the workforce and other
stakeholders to achieve those goals and mitigate any type of issues in the organisation. The
leaders are decision makers but they also take risks in many situations which the managers
cannot do. leaders are independent but responsible to meet the requirements and Expectations of
the subordinates. The managers execute the vision seen by the leaders2. they take the strategic
vision seriously and break them down into roadmaps so that the team members can follow this
path. the managers have the ability to direct and review the resources required stuff there is
stablished the work rules and Standards so that the organisational culture can be developed and
implemented properly. the employees welfare system is also in the responsibility area of the
managers which make them to look after people and their needs by listening to them properly3. it
is not possible for the ground level employees to reach to the leaders every time because the
middle managers are responsible to mitigate any problems as early as possible. The leaders have
their ability to challenge and think out of the box so that the innovation can be implemented in
their organisation on the other hand the managers cannot take independent decision but wait for
the final decision of the leaders.
2 Wester, Anne. "The Big Apple: The Narrative Potential of Utopianism in Apple Inc. Advertisements." (2018).
Retrieved from https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/handle/123456789/6472
3 Wang, Boyu. "After the European Commission Ordered Apple to Pay Back Taxes to Ireland: Ireland's Future in
the New Global Tax Environment." Ind. J. Global Legal Stud. 25 (2018): 539. Retrieved from
https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ijgls25&div=25&id=&page=
are responsible to develop vision and set the rules so that the strategies of the companies can be
developed by the managers. The leaders are more inspirational and through their communication
skill and decision making styles motivate the subordinates. they are the decision makers in the
organisations who set rules and goals of the organisations. the managers on the other hand
implement those policies and plan how they can help or guide the workforce and other
stakeholders to achieve those goals and mitigate any type of issues in the organisation. The
leaders are decision makers but they also take risks in many situations which the managers
cannot do. leaders are independent but responsible to meet the requirements and Expectations of
the subordinates. The managers execute the vision seen by the leaders2. they take the strategic
vision seriously and break them down into roadmaps so that the team members can follow this
path. the managers have the ability to direct and review the resources required stuff there is
stablished the work rules and Standards so that the organisational culture can be developed and
implemented properly. the employees welfare system is also in the responsibility area of the
managers which make them to look after people and their needs by listening to them properly3. it
is not possible for the ground level employees to reach to the leaders every time because the
middle managers are responsible to mitigate any problems as early as possible. The leaders have
their ability to challenge and think out of the box so that the innovation can be implemented in
their organisation on the other hand the managers cannot take independent decision but wait for
the final decision of the leaders.
2 Wester, Anne. "The Big Apple: The Narrative Potential of Utopianism in Apple Inc. Advertisements." (2018).
Retrieved from https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/handle/123456789/6472
3 Wang, Boyu. "After the European Commission Ordered Apple to Pay Back Taxes to Ireland: Ireland's Future in
the New Global Tax Environment." Ind. J. Global Legal Stud. 25 (2018): 539. Retrieved from
https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ijgls25&div=25&id=&page=
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4LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
Therefore it can be stated that there are certain limitations of managers for which they cannot
achieve the position of the leaders the managers create goals but the leaders create the vision. the
leaders can change the agents but the managers need to have maintained the status quo. The
leaders are creative and innovative which are reflected in their decision making process they can
embrace change as much as possible and accept the fact of the changes but the managers stick to
the refining system structure and processes to make the change better for the organisation. Too
many years colours the leaders are unique because they are comfortable with their own
innovative processes4. They are transparent and authentic but the managers cannot make unique
decisions by themselves but copy the competencies as well as behaviour of the leaders so that
they can maintain a systematic approach in the organisation. Another difference between the
management role and leadership is the short-term and long-term approaches. the leaders think for
long-term changes in which day take new initiatives and negotiate with the stakeholders in a
different ways but the managers are responsible to implement the changes exactly when they are
asked to do. Finally it can be stated that the leaders develop relationships but the managers only
maintain and build the systems and processes5. the leaders focus on the people so that they can
utilise the network for the betterment of the organisation where does the managers support this
process and guide the lower level employees to achieve the goals.
4 Quattlebaum, Judge A. Marivn. "EEOC v. New Apple, Inc." (2018). Retrieved from
https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1866&context=condec
5 Arocha, Jenna B. "Getting to the Core: A Case Study on the Company Culture of Apple Inc." (2017).
Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://
scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1074&context=rptasp
Therefore it can be stated that there are certain limitations of managers for which they cannot
achieve the position of the leaders the managers create goals but the leaders create the vision. the
leaders can change the agents but the managers need to have maintained the status quo. The
leaders are creative and innovative which are reflected in their decision making process they can
embrace change as much as possible and accept the fact of the changes but the managers stick to
the refining system structure and processes to make the change better for the organisation. Too
many years colours the leaders are unique because they are comfortable with their own
innovative processes4. They are transparent and authentic but the managers cannot make unique
decisions by themselves but copy the competencies as well as behaviour of the leaders so that
they can maintain a systematic approach in the organisation. Another difference between the
management role and leadership is the short-term and long-term approaches. the leaders think for
long-term changes in which day take new initiatives and negotiate with the stakeholders in a
different ways but the managers are responsible to implement the changes exactly when they are
asked to do. Finally it can be stated that the leaders develop relationships but the managers only
maintain and build the systems and processes5. the leaders focus on the people so that they can
utilise the network for the betterment of the organisation where does the managers support this
process and guide the lower level employees to achieve the goals.
4 Quattlebaum, Judge A. Marivn. "EEOC v. New Apple, Inc." (2018). Retrieved from
https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1866&context=condec
5 Arocha, Jenna B. "Getting to the Core: A Case Study on the Company Culture of Apple Inc." (2017).
Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://
scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1074&context=rptasp
5LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
The different roles of management and leadership in application to different organisational
situations, supported by theories and concepts:
The operations of Apple incorporation involves important decisions of operation
management6. This ensures that all the aspects of the business run smoothly. In the operations
management the prospects like product designing quality management location strategy process
and capacity designing inventory management are important.
The managers are responsible to focus on the development of technological products
and services7. The managers in this company incorporate their skills for the development and
production of the products by involving a senior Vice President in hardware engineering as well
as software engineering.They work hand in hand to reflect the nature and features of the
corporate structure of this company.
Quality management is an important aspect of the responsibility of the managers in this
corporation because this is what makes this organisation stand out in the crowd. The senior Vice
Presidents ensure compliance with quality standard of the company and permeate various areas
of business. The managers ensure that product designing and development have proper
connection with Marketing, retail, sales, Human Resource Management and industrial designing.
6 Phua, Kenny, T. Mandy Tham, and Chishen Wei. "Are overconfident CEOs better leaders? Evidence from
stakeholder commitments." Journal of Financial Economics 127.3 (2018): 519-545. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304405X17303197
7 Clarke, Thomas, and Martijn Boersma. "The governance of global value chains: Unresolved human rights,
environmental and ethical dilemmas in the apple supply chain." Journal of Business Ethics 143.1 (2017): 111-131.
Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-015-2781-3
The different roles of management and leadership in application to different organisational
situations, supported by theories and concepts:
The operations of Apple incorporation involves important decisions of operation
management6. This ensures that all the aspects of the business run smoothly. In the operations
management the prospects like product designing quality management location strategy process
and capacity designing inventory management are important.
The managers are responsible to focus on the development of technological products
and services7. The managers in this company incorporate their skills for the development and
production of the products by involving a senior Vice President in hardware engineering as well
as software engineering.They work hand in hand to reflect the nature and features of the
corporate structure of this company.
Quality management is an important aspect of the responsibility of the managers in this
corporation because this is what makes this organisation stand out in the crowd. The senior Vice
Presidents ensure compliance with quality standard of the company and permeate various areas
of business. The managers ensure that product designing and development have proper
connection with Marketing, retail, sales, Human Resource Management and industrial designing.
6 Phua, Kenny, T. Mandy Tham, and Chishen Wei. "Are overconfident CEOs better leaders? Evidence from
stakeholder commitments." Journal of Financial Economics 127.3 (2018): 519-545. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304405X17303197
7 Clarke, Thomas, and Martijn Boersma. "The governance of global value chains: Unresolved human rights,
environmental and ethical dilemmas in the apple supply chain." Journal of Business Ethics 143.1 (2017): 111-131.
Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-015-2781-3
6LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
Process designing is an important part of human resource management strategy where the
managers support the workforce to maximize their productivity in the designing and
development of the products8. the management also takes care of the suppliers and give
directives to the process designing by ensuring that the suppliers act according to the code of
conduct.
Location strategy it is the responsibility of the managers to understand the requirement of
the market of different parts of the world and where the company must expand. Now Apple has
more than thousands of stores in the 20 countries where the company has been operating. The
selective location chosen by the management helps the company to strike competition.
Layout designing and strategy. it is the process of emphasizing Expectations of the
customers. the management here show their responsibilities to collect requirements of the
customers and ensure that they will be designing perfect products meeting all the demands of the
consumers. the managers encourage creativity as well as efficiency of the workflows.
Job designing and human resource the managers develop perfect understanding of the
employees in different markets of the world. in different markets are countries there are different
organisational and national cultures. the human resource management therefore feels
8 Bagley, Constance E. Managers and the Legal Environment: Strategies for Business. Cengage Learning, 2018.
Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=G69EDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Bagley,
+Constance+E.+Managers+and+the+Legal+Environment:+Strategies+for+Business.+Cengage+Learning,
+2018&ots=p7Ekks4Xpk&sig=340UdXpVfRRnbe_JUWgAO2UFOJU&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Bagley%2C
%20Constance%20E.%20Managers%20and%20the%20Legal%20Environment%3A%20Strategies%20for
%20Business.%20Cengage%20Learning%2C%202018&f=false
Process designing is an important part of human resource management strategy where the
managers support the workforce to maximize their productivity in the designing and
development of the products8. the management also takes care of the suppliers and give
directives to the process designing by ensuring that the suppliers act according to the code of
conduct.
Location strategy it is the responsibility of the managers to understand the requirement of
the market of different parts of the world and where the company must expand. Now Apple has
more than thousands of stores in the 20 countries where the company has been operating. The
selective location chosen by the management helps the company to strike competition.
Layout designing and strategy. it is the process of emphasizing Expectations of the
customers. the management here show their responsibilities to collect requirements of the
customers and ensure that they will be designing perfect products meeting all the demands of the
consumers. the managers encourage creativity as well as efficiency of the workflows.
Job designing and human resource the managers develop perfect understanding of the
employees in different markets of the world. in different markets are countries there are different
organisational and national cultures. the human resource management therefore feels
8 Bagley, Constance E. Managers and the Legal Environment: Strategies for Business. Cengage Learning, 2018.
Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=G69EDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Bagley,
+Constance+E.+Managers+and+the+Legal+Environment:+Strategies+for+Business.+Cengage+Learning,
+2018&ots=p7Ekks4Xpk&sig=340UdXpVfRRnbe_JUWgAO2UFOJU&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Bagley%2C
%20Constance%20E.%20Managers%20and%20the%20Legal%20Environment%3A%20Strategies%20for
%20Business.%20Cengage%20Learning%2C%202018&f=false
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7LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
responsibility to develop a motivated working culture so that they can utilise their workforce at
their best9.
How theories such as ‘chaos theory’ and ‘management by objectives’ apply to the
organisation and how these have supported growth and sustainable performance:
Chaos Theory has been a branch of mathematics that focuses on the study of caves. it refers to
the state of cross a dynamical systems which has apparently random state of disorder as well as
irregularities10. these are often governed by the deterministic regulations and highly sensitive
initial conditions. this theory states that the Apparent randomness of the chaotic system can lead
to feedback loops, fractals, self-similarity, butterfly effect and many more. In the case of Apple
Inc. The knowledge and innovative ideas of Steve Jobs had taken the company to its highest
point. this company has been marked for its innovative products for which wave of innovation
has hit the world. many a companies have taken Apple to be there idle for developing products
and services. the manufacturing process and Designs are unmatched which mainly developed
from the chaotic dynamics11. it is a state of disorder which had effectively motivated the
engineers and designers leading the company to incorporate various technique to develop
9 Hekman, David R., et al. "Does diversity-valuing behavior result in diminished performance ratings for
non-white and female leaders?." Academy of Management Journal 60.2 (2017): 771-797. Retrieved from
https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/amj.2014.0538
10 Mogensen, Bendik Granheim. Managing Corporate Legitimacy Through CSR Reporting: A Qualitative Case
Study of Apple Inc.’s Supplier Responsibility Reports. MS thesis. 2018. Retrieved from
https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/63476/1/Master-Thesis-Bendik-Mogensen.pdf
11 Vasilaki, Maria, and Georgios Tsakalidis Jr. "Apple Inc. Equity Valuation." (2019). Retrieved from
https://repository.ihu.edu.gr/xmlui/handle/11544/29354
responsibility to develop a motivated working culture so that they can utilise their workforce at
their best9.
How theories such as ‘chaos theory’ and ‘management by objectives’ apply to the
organisation and how these have supported growth and sustainable performance:
Chaos Theory has been a branch of mathematics that focuses on the study of caves. it refers to
the state of cross a dynamical systems which has apparently random state of disorder as well as
irregularities10. these are often governed by the deterministic regulations and highly sensitive
initial conditions. this theory states that the Apparent randomness of the chaotic system can lead
to feedback loops, fractals, self-similarity, butterfly effect and many more. In the case of Apple
Inc. The knowledge and innovative ideas of Steve Jobs had taken the company to its highest
point. this company has been marked for its innovative products for which wave of innovation
has hit the world. many a companies have taken Apple to be there idle for developing products
and services. the manufacturing process and Designs are unmatched which mainly developed
from the chaotic dynamics11. it is a state of disorder which had effectively motivated the
engineers and designers leading the company to incorporate various technique to develop
9 Hekman, David R., et al. "Does diversity-valuing behavior result in diminished performance ratings for
non-white and female leaders?." Academy of Management Journal 60.2 (2017): 771-797. Retrieved from
https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/amj.2014.0538
10 Mogensen, Bendik Granheim. Managing Corporate Legitimacy Through CSR Reporting: A Qualitative Case
Study of Apple Inc.’s Supplier Responsibility Reports. MS thesis. 2018. Retrieved from
https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/63476/1/Master-Thesis-Bendik-Mogensen.pdf
11 Vasilaki, Maria, and Georgios Tsakalidis Jr. "Apple Inc. Equity Valuation." (2019). Retrieved from
https://repository.ihu.edu.gr/xmlui/handle/11544/29354
8LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
products12. Innovation and creativity are the main feature of Apple which ultimately allow the
customers to Dream big.
Management by objectives have influence the strategy of Apple Inc. It is the strategic
management model which aim to improve the performances of the organisations through
defining objectives clearly agreed by both the employees as well as the management13. the
recruitment process off the ground level employees is strict where there is no question of in
competences among the employees. They have proper understanding of Management as well as
skilled with their own personal functions14. This is the reason why the employees do not have
any issue with the management policies and objective of the organisation to expand through
innovation stuff this company aims to expand its operation in different parts of the world by
converting innovative ideas into reality15. The management by objectives therefore has guided
12 Alexandre, Gonçalo Lopes. Apple Inc.: equity valuation. Diss. 2016. Retrieved from
https://repositorio.ucp.pt/handle/10400.14/20198
13 Bolfek, Berislav, Perina Torbarina, and Lucija Surać. "The Structure and Factors Affecting the Determination of
the Executive Managers Compensation." Oeconomica Jadertina 6.2 (2017): 52-64. Retrieved from
https://morepress.unizd.hr/journals/oeconomicajadertina/article/view/1343?lang=en_US
14 Mamatha, S. V., and P. Geetanjali. "Founder Leaders and Organization Culture: A Comparative Study on Indian
and American Founder Leaders Based on Schein’s Model of Organizational Culture." IIM Kozhikode Society &
Management Review 9.1 (2020): 23-33. Retrieved from
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2277975219890932
15 Miller, Toby, and Richard Maxwell. "Apple." Global Media Giants. Routledge, 2016. 383-
396. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2277975219890932
products12. Innovation and creativity are the main feature of Apple which ultimately allow the
customers to Dream big.
Management by objectives have influence the strategy of Apple Inc. It is the strategic
management model which aim to improve the performances of the organisations through
defining objectives clearly agreed by both the employees as well as the management13. the
recruitment process off the ground level employees is strict where there is no question of in
competences among the employees. They have proper understanding of Management as well as
skilled with their own personal functions14. This is the reason why the employees do not have
any issue with the management policies and objective of the organisation to expand through
innovation stuff this company aims to expand its operation in different parts of the world by
converting innovative ideas into reality15. The management by objectives therefore has guided
12 Alexandre, Gonçalo Lopes. Apple Inc.: equity valuation. Diss. 2016. Retrieved from
https://repositorio.ucp.pt/handle/10400.14/20198
13 Bolfek, Berislav, Perina Torbarina, and Lucija Surać. "The Structure and Factors Affecting the Determination of
the Executive Managers Compensation." Oeconomica Jadertina 6.2 (2017): 52-64. Retrieved from
https://morepress.unizd.hr/journals/oeconomicajadertina/article/view/1343?lang=en_US
14 Mamatha, S. V., and P. Geetanjali. "Founder Leaders and Organization Culture: A Comparative Study on Indian
and American Founder Leaders Based on Schein’s Model of Organizational Culture." IIM Kozhikode Society &
Management Review 9.1 (2020): 23-33. Retrieved from
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2277975219890932
15 Miller, Toby, and Richard Maxwell. "Apple." Global Media Giants. Routledge, 2016. 383-
396. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2277975219890932
9LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
both the managers of all levels along with the employees to achieve the organisational goal of
expansion and reaching more customers through brand image.
Conclusions on how managers and leaders have made an impact on the organisation and
recommendations for future improvements:
Therefore it can be stated that in this company proper synchronisation of decision and
communication can be seen among the managers and leaders. for future improvements the
company needs to have more connection with the customers and make the products more
acceptable and user-friendly. In addition to this the price of the products by Apple at to be
reduced so that every level of customers can get the opportunity to transform their dreams into
reality16.
In addition to this, the management needs to be more transparent with the employees so that the
feedback are taken seriously and changes can be made within the internal situation of this
company.
16 Luiro, Antti. "Why do platform leaders acquire? A multiple case study of Google, Apple, Facebook, and
Amazon." (2018). Retrieved from https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/32358
both the managers of all levels along with the employees to achieve the organisational goal of
expansion and reaching more customers through brand image.
Conclusions on how managers and leaders have made an impact on the organisation and
recommendations for future improvements:
Therefore it can be stated that in this company proper synchronisation of decision and
communication can be seen among the managers and leaders. for future improvements the
company needs to have more connection with the customers and make the products more
acceptable and user-friendly. In addition to this the price of the products by Apple at to be
reduced so that every level of customers can get the opportunity to transform their dreams into
reality16.
In addition to this, the management needs to be more transparent with the employees so that the
feedback are taken seriously and changes can be made within the internal situation of this
company.
16 Luiro, Antti. "Why do platform leaders acquire? A multiple case study of Google, Apple, Facebook, and
Amazon." (2018). Retrieved from https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/32358
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10LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
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https://repositorio.ucp.pt/handle/10400.14/20198
Arocha, Jenna B. "Getting to the Core: A Case Study on the Company Culture of Apple Inc."
(2017). Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1074&context=rptasp
Bagley, Constance E. Managers and the Legal Environment: Strategies for Business. Cengage
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Bolfek, Berislav, Perina Torbarina, and Lucija Surać. "The Structure and Factors Affecting the
Determination of the Executive Managers Compensation." Oeconomica Jadertina 6.2
(2017): 52-64. Retrieved from
https://morepress.unizd.hr/journals/oeconomicajadertina/article/view/1343?lang=en_US
Clarke, Thomas, and Martijn Boersma. "The governance of global value chains: Unresolved
human rights, environmental and ethical dilemmas in the apple supply chain." Journal of
References:
Alexandre, Gonçalo Lopes. Apple Inc.: equity valuation. Diss. 2016. Retrieved from
https://repositorio.ucp.pt/handle/10400.14/20198
Arocha, Jenna B. "Getting to the Core: A Case Study on the Company Culture of Apple Inc."
(2017). Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1074&context=rptasp
Bagley, Constance E. Managers and the Legal Environment: Strategies for Business. Cengage
Learning, 2018. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=G69EDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Bagley,+Constance+E.
+Managers+and+the+Legal+Environment:+Strategies+for+Business.
+Cengage+Learning,
+2018&ots=p7Ekks4Xpk&sig=340UdXpVfRRnbe_JUWgAO2UFOJU&redir_esc=y#v=
onepage&q=Bagley%2C%20Constance%20E.%20Managers%20and%20the%20Legal
%20Environment%3A%20Strategies%20for%20Business.%20Cengage%20Learning
%2C%202018&f=false
Bolfek, Berislav, Perina Torbarina, and Lucija Surać. "The Structure and Factors Affecting the
Determination of the Executive Managers Compensation." Oeconomica Jadertina 6.2
(2017): 52-64. Retrieved from
https://morepress.unizd.hr/journals/oeconomicajadertina/article/view/1343?lang=en_US
Clarke, Thomas, and Martijn Boersma. "The governance of global value chains: Unresolved
human rights, environmental and ethical dilemmas in the apple supply chain." Journal of
11LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
Business Ethics 143.1 (2017): 111-131. Retrieved from
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-015-2781-3
Hamilton, Clovia. "Q&A: Does Machiavelli's the Prince Have Relevant Lessons for Modern
High-Tech Managers and Leaders?." Hamilton, C.(2017).“Q&A. Does Machiavelli’s The
Prince have relevant lessons for Modern High Tech Managers and Leaders (2017): 40-
47. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3072856
Hekman, David R., et al. "Does diversity-valuing behavior result in diminished performance
ratings for non-white and female leaders?." Academy of Management Journal 60.2
(2017): 771-797. Retrieved from https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/amj.2014.0538
Luiro, Antti. "Why do platform leaders acquire? A multiple case study of Google, Apple,
Facebook, and Amazon." (2018). Retrieved from
https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/32358
Mamatha, S. V., and P. Geetanjali. "Founder Leaders and Organization Culture: A Comparative
Study on Indian and American Founder Leaders Based on Schein’s Model of
Organizational Culture." IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review 9.1 (2020): 23-
33. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2277975219890932
Miller, Toby, and Richard Maxwell. "Apple." Global Media Giants. Routledge, 2016. 383-396.
Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2277975219890932
Mogensen, Bendik Granheim. Managing Corporate Legitimacy Through CSR Reporting: A
Qualitative Case Study of Apple Inc.’s Supplier Responsibility Reports. MS thesis. 2018.
Retrieved from https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/63476/1/Master-Thesis-
Bendik-Mogensen.pdf
Business Ethics 143.1 (2017): 111-131. Retrieved from
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-015-2781-3
Hamilton, Clovia. "Q&A: Does Machiavelli's the Prince Have Relevant Lessons for Modern
High-Tech Managers and Leaders?." Hamilton, C.(2017).“Q&A. Does Machiavelli’s The
Prince have relevant lessons for Modern High Tech Managers and Leaders (2017): 40-
47. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3072856
Hekman, David R., et al. "Does diversity-valuing behavior result in diminished performance
ratings for non-white and female leaders?." Academy of Management Journal 60.2
(2017): 771-797. Retrieved from https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/amj.2014.0538
Luiro, Antti. "Why do platform leaders acquire? A multiple case study of Google, Apple,
Facebook, and Amazon." (2018). Retrieved from
https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/32358
Mamatha, S. V., and P. Geetanjali. "Founder Leaders and Organization Culture: A Comparative
Study on Indian and American Founder Leaders Based on Schein’s Model of
Organizational Culture." IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review 9.1 (2020): 23-
33. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2277975219890932
Miller, Toby, and Richard Maxwell. "Apple." Global Media Giants. Routledge, 2016. 383-396.
Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2277975219890932
Mogensen, Bendik Granheim. Managing Corporate Legitimacy Through CSR Reporting: A
Qualitative Case Study of Apple Inc.’s Supplier Responsibility Reports. MS thesis. 2018.
Retrieved from https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/63476/1/Master-Thesis-
Bendik-Mogensen.pdf
12LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
Phua, Kenny, T. Mandy Tham, and Chishen Wei. "Are overconfident CEOs better leaders?
Evidence from stakeholder commitments." Journal of Financial Economics 127.3 (2018):
519-545. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304405X17303197
Quattlebaum, Judge A. Marivn. "EEOC v. New Apple, Inc." (2018). Retrieved from
https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1866&context=condec
Vasilaki, Maria, and Georgios Tsakalidis Jr. "Apple Inc. Equity Valuation." (2019). Retrieved
from https://repository.ihu.edu.gr/xmlui/handle/11544/29354
Wang, Boyu. "After the European Commission Ordered Apple to Pay Back Taxes to Ireland:
Ireland's Future in the New Global Tax Environment." Ind. J. Global Legal Stud. 25
(2018): 539. Retrieved from https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?
handle=hein.journals/ijgls25&div=25&id=&page=
Wester, Anne. "The Big Apple: The Narrative Potential of Utopianism in Apple Inc.
Advertisements." (2018). Retrieved from https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/handle/123456789/6472
Phua, Kenny, T. Mandy Tham, and Chishen Wei. "Are overconfident CEOs better leaders?
Evidence from stakeholder commitments." Journal of Financial Economics 127.3 (2018):
519-545. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304405X17303197
Quattlebaum, Judge A. Marivn. "EEOC v. New Apple, Inc." (2018). Retrieved from
https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1866&context=condec
Vasilaki, Maria, and Georgios Tsakalidis Jr. "Apple Inc. Equity Valuation." (2019). Retrieved
from https://repository.ihu.edu.gr/xmlui/handle/11544/29354
Wang, Boyu. "After the European Commission Ordered Apple to Pay Back Taxes to Ireland:
Ireland's Future in the New Global Tax Environment." Ind. J. Global Legal Stud. 25
(2018): 539. Retrieved from https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?
handle=hein.journals/ijgls25&div=25&id=&page=
Wester, Anne. "The Big Apple: The Narrative Potential of Utopianism in Apple Inc.
Advertisements." (2018). Retrieved from https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/handle/123456789/6472
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