Leadership and Management in Business: Roles, Theories, and Context

This report delves into the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, contrasting their responsibilities within an organization. It examines the importance of both leadership and management in operational contexts, using Amazon as a case study. The report explores various leadership theories, including situational and contingency models, and assesses their application in business settings. Furthermore, it analyzes the impact of external factors on operational management. The report also compares the roles of managers and leaders in different scenarios, such as dealing with competition, customer demands, and employee management. It highlights the significance of effective leadership and management in achieving organizational goals, fostering employee engagement, and adapting to market changes. The report concludes by emphasizing the interconnectedness of leadership and management in contemporary business environments.

MANAGEMENT &
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
P1 Comparing the different role and characteristics of a leader and a manger......................1
P2 Examining the role of leaders and the function of manager in context of situations. ......3
P3 Different theories and models of approach in relation to leadership in business. ............4
P4 Key Approaches Of Operations Management..................................................................6
P5 Importance and value of operations management.............................................................6
P6 Business environment that impact the operational management of the company............6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Management involves the overall administration activities of the organisation. They carry
the internals and external parts of the business transaction and provides them profitability in the
business. Its objectives is to fulfill and manage the demand in respect of every department such
as availability of resources, managing finance, Human resources and satisfying the employees
interest towards the business promotional activities. Operation means managing the outcomes
arises from the management efforts. It functions through management team and results are
settled according to the working criteria. Thus, management in operation resolve various outputs
in form of planning, controlling and utilizing the available resources to manufacture a desired
products and delivery variable services in the market. Present report is based on Company which
was founded by Jeff Bezos on 5th July 1994. It is an American based Technological company
which also focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing and digital distribution.
Report will include the different roles and characteristic of leaders and manager in the
organisation. It also includes the various theories and models of approach in different such as
leadership and contingencies in business. Further it includes the appreciation of role leaders and
managers plays in the operational function of the organisation. Lastly this report ends up with ten
relationship between the leadership and management in contemporary to business environment.
MAIN BODY
Comparing the different role and characteristics of a leader and a manger
Managers have to carry out the activities on day today basis while leader have to make
their vision and mission true in relation to engage in profits and success to the business. In
relation to compare the roles and characteristic of leader and a manager in Company they play a
significant role to maintain the sustainability growth in the business (Аndriukaitiene and et.al.,
2017). Management emphasis on managing the internal activities in the organisation regarding
the employees training programme and over welfare activities in the company and leadership
trained the employees and motivate them to achieve their targets. To examine the roles and
characteristics of Leader and managers in relation to Company are that ~
 Planning: To plan certain activities in the business, the major role of managers is to
execute a plan to raise the productivity of working in the organisation and the duty of
leader to motivate the employee and provide proper training to execute the plan.
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Managers have to take care of every department to work equally while the leaders are
responsible to fulfill the vision which they analysed while taking that work (Macdonald,
Burke and Stewart, 2017). In Company, the managers had executed the plan to raise the
sales in 2019 by 25% and accordingly the leaders make vision to make it successful.
 Organising: The role of managers is to organise their activities on daily aspects. The
leader makes it possible to maintain the close relationship with the employees organise
their work schedule within the allotted time (Thorpe, 2016). The managers organises
various work of departments to achieve the targets if they want to launch new product in
the market. By organising mangers able to play an effective role in business. Leader need
to manage their employees to work as team to attain organizational goal.
 Supervising: Its is the best method to raise the productivity in the company. The
manager's role is to supervise their employees towards their work and assigned the work
task to be completed and leader role is to trained their employees and maintain the
friendly relation so that they discuss the issue raised in the work premises (Bolden, 2016).
Company internal management is so strong that they communicate and supervise their
employees. They play an active role in maintaining the employer and employee
relationship in the organisation.
 Controlling: This characteristic examined by reviewing and controlling the performance
of the employees working in the organisation. In Company to manage the budget and
performance are the major criteria as the role of managers and leaders are examined on
this basis only. Company can run on smooth basis if these both aspects are properly
controlled and managed by the internal team (Mittal and Dhar, 2015). But various time
issue arises in respect of not communication properly and implementing control on them.
Employees want proper attention and training performing the work and for that they are
to be trained by proper person. This helps Company to achieve more success in the
business.
M1
Factors Managers Leaders
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Policies Managers have to follow the
policies and principles which
are to be set by the companies.
Leaders have to set the polices
of employees to work
effectively in the organisation.
Controlling power Managers control their group
to accomplish a goal in the
business (Leadership Vs
Management, 2016).
Leader motivates individual
employees to contribute their
work in the success of the
company and also analyse the
issue or problems and
personally solve them, to settle
the matters.
Objectives The objectives of managers is
to set the goals in the
organisation and analyse the
budget to set profitably of the
business.
The objectives of leader is to
motivate their employees and
trained the to achieve the
success (Schyns and Riggio,
2016).
To analyse the role of leaders and managers they both are important in the organisation to
enhance the success and vision of company success in the emerging market.
The Manager is different from leader as they need to follow the policies along with
controlling on groups of businesses in order to attain goals whereas leader set policies for
employees and motivate business group to attain effectiveness. Also, the leader work is to
motivate employees whereas the managers objective is to set goals in business entity and to
analyse the budget to set probability.
Examining the role of leaders and the function of manager in context of situations.
The role of managers and leader in respect of Company had to perform in respect for
changing and improving the operational activities and various way to achieve the targets in the
functioning of management and operations (Lee, 2016). There are various situations in which the
role on managers are examined -
 Entrance of Competitors: In case of entering new competitors in the market for
promoting the same product result in facing the challenges in strategic way. As Company
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deal in various products and also deliver online services to enhance their customer
interest towards their services (Miner, 2015). The function of manager is to make
strategies so that the company is able to face the competition and by these strategies their
stability in the market doesn't affect. Leaders role is to achieve these task to prevent the
company from the competitors and to enhance their profitability. As every project is
completed with team efforts and if the task is completed within stipulated time than the
whole credit goes to the good leaders and their motivational power.
 Customers demand: Manager's function is to analyse the demand of customers by
asking them for their feedback and suggestions. Customers taste changes according to the
change in environment and to maintain the trust of customers towards their company.
They bring new scheme to attract the customers and to enhance their business
(Offermann and Coats, 2018). Manager role is to manage the internal team to fulfil the
needs and demand of the customers. As in relation to role of leader use different style of
management to encourage employees to work together to fulfil the customers demand
within the stipulated time and efforts. They encourage employees to participate in various
activities to develop new and innovative ideas to attract customer. They also provide
chance to employees to survey in market regarding the customer needs and then bring
new techniques to innovate new technique in market.
 Employees management: As Company is engaged with 6,47,500 employees working
and dealing to carry out their activities. The function of manager to provide training and
encourage employees to engage with the company and to manage the employees and
person engaged with them, they have to use certain ways and techniques to guide them
properly. Employees feel comfortable and familiar to work place if mangers provide
proper trainer to assemble their work schedule and provide helpful and stress free
environment (Ehrhart, 2015). Role of leaders is to apply the communicative style to
motivate employees towards work.. Employees take interest if they are guided with
knowledgable person. So they help to manage the employees interest to achieve the target
work.
Company mostly uses participative leadership style to attract the customers and motivate
employees towards their business. Customers demand are frequently changing and they always
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prefer something new in the business. Thus, the role of mangers and leaders are effective in
maintaining interest in the business.
Different theories and models of approach in relation to leadership in business.
The various theorises and approaches applying in context of business in relation to
maintaining the sustainable growth in the business (Antonakis and Day, 2017). In relation to
Situational leadership theory is initiated by Paul Hersey and they renamed this theory as life
cycle theory. This theory related to organisational behaviour and employees performance to
achieve task. As Company fails to assemble this theory as they cannot maintain the healthy
relationship with the employees which result in less retention of employees in the organisation.
As to maintain stable and ethical behaviour in the organisation are the better way for working
smoothly and achieving goals (Nawaz and Khan, 2016). As it also affects the recruitment team
of Company for not appointing the appropriate person to work in an authentic culture. Working
is also affected by implementing many rules and regulation which bound the employees to work
within their limits.
System leadership theory motivated different leaders and employees to work together to
achieve the goal and success in the organisation. It creates the condition that people at all the
stages have to work with potential efforts and provide the useful productivity which emphasises
the company to expand their business for longer term (Anderson and et.al., 2017). System
leadership means all the system in terms of leader have to assemble and initiated the task.
System mostly assigned with barriers with other system to complete the work. Thus, In Company
there are various department working for the same perspective to achieve the task. But the
system are associated with it like they are not ready to work with other department in that case
system leadership plays an effective role. This type of leadership style helps in developing a
system wherein all the employees of the company develops such a disciplined environment that
every body is clear that what they have to do.
Contingencies theory examines the leadership style depends upon the effectiveness of
leader at the right situation. It assumes that these styles are not influenced or affected from any
such factors and continue there strategy to adopt such changes in the organisation (Contingent
Leadership, 2019). There are various situations which occurs in contingent theory related to
leader and member relationship. If the superior guide their employees and trust them than the
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results are positive in every aspect. This theory suggests that there is no specific set of leadership
style rather all the leadership style adopted are based on the situation. It totally depends on the
leader that in which situation it has to choose which type of leadership style.
As Company is confident in using the system leadership theory as success is hold by everyone
work and if all the people work together to achieve the target than it is beneficial to grow the
company at large scale.
M2
Strengths
The strength in relation to various approaches in respect of working in the business
environment is to enhance the leadership style in the working premises which motivates
employees to work harder.
The another strength is in relation to increasing the productivity and profitability in the
company which indicates the stable work environment in the internal working structure.
Weakness
The weakness is related to Lot of pressure on controlling budget and operational
activities in the organisation (Amanchukwu, Stanley and Ololube, 2015). As the demand of the
customers are not fixed which affect the criteria of working in the market and this brings losses
to the company. Company can't beat the competitor's strategy to take the interest of customers.
D1
The theories which they adopted in context to leadership style is firstly related to
transformational theory as it helps to transform the employees of working in the organization.
Company is very helpful with this theory as it motivates and trained employees towards the task
to be accomplished and transform them in some productive use (Lee, 2016). Second one is
related to strength based theory in this company leader strength their relationship with the
employees to discuss the matter which affect their work. This can be done by proper
communication and providing fair information regarding the management of the company. The
leadership some times helps the leader but at times also negatively impacts because too much
leadership can demotivate the employees as they may feel too much controlled by the leader. But
some times it may be helpful as it may help in maintaining discipline.
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Key Approaches Of Operations Management
Covered in ppt
Importance and value of operations management
Covered in ppt
Booklet
Business environment that
impact the operational
management of the company
PESTLE is a strategic method
which it stands for political,
economic, social,
technological, environmental
and legal components.
Moreover, PESTLE analysis
of Company entails the
evaluation of potential effect
of these factors on the revenue
and growth of the company.
Political factor: These factors
includes government
regulations, political stability,
tax policy, trade regulations,
sustainability regulations etc.
(Ehrhart,2015). However, in
Company the manager brings
the information regarding the
political stability of the
country and according the that
statistics the leader play its
role and convey this
information to its team
Social factor: These factors
are inclusive of age
distribution, heath factor,
attitudes, lifestyle, culture,
norms, customs etc. However,
the role of manager within the
social factor of the Company is
to collect the information
regarding the buying habits of
the customers and according
those habits they leader
instructs their personnels to
design the products according
the needs and wants of the
company which in turn leads
to the enhanced revenue of the
company. Furthermore, the
changing lifestyle and ethics of
people like customers have
become more hygienic these
days which impacts the sales
of the company and reduces
their income (Amanchukwu,
Stanley and Ololube,2015).
Technological factor: These
factors advanced software like
Environmental factor: the
role of manager within
environmental factor is to
comply with the regulation of
sustainability given by the
government by adopting CSR
within the operations of the
company. Moreover, the role
of leader is to provide training
to its team members regarding
the CSR strategies of the
company through which they
abide by the policies of
environment given by the
government. However, when
company participate in the
sustainability programs of the
society then it enhances its
reputation and allow them to
accomplish its goals.
Legal factors: These are the
factors which includes
employment laws,
indiscrimination laws,
consumer protection laws,
patent laws etc. The role of
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members in order to expand its
business operations in
developed economy. However,
the government policies that
support the online business
helps the other companies to
expand its business which
negatively impacts the revenue
of the company.
Economic factors: These are
the factors which includes
economic growth, exchange
rate, inflation rate,
unemployment issues etc.
However, within the company,
the manager evaluate the
economic stability of the
country and also the data
regarding the spending
capacity of the people and thus
the leader of the company
frames strategies according to
the data collected by the
manager and then instruct the
employees to produce more
products as customers are
more willing to spend on the
products of the company.
Further, china is major
contributor of the revenue of
the company, thus, declining
data management software,
inventory management
software etc. However, the
role of manager within
technological factor of the
company is to evaluate the
technology which are trending
within the market according to
this analysis manager adopts
the trending digitalized
machines that will help the
company to automate its
production process (Anderson
and et.al., 2017). Moreover,
the role of leader is to convey
the employees about the
software that they are going to
implement in the company and
provide them training for the
same.
manager is to adopt various
production regulation for
maintaining the standard
quality of the company's
products and services where
the leader of the company
implements those policies by
instructing the employees to
work according the regulations
that enhances the quality of
their product. Further, due to
government regulations of
exports and imports the
company can expand its
business operations
worldwide.
Impact of these factors on
business- all these factors
impacts the business and its
working because the business
exist in the dynamic
environment and is affected
by all these changes within
these factors. For example,
the company wishes to
expand in another country,
but there is a sudden change
in the legal structure of
business entry mode to new
country then it will create
problem for Amazon.
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economy of the country
reduces the income of the
Company.
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CONCLUSION
From the above study it can be concluded that effective management and operational
team leads a company to the way of success. The brand name is not enough for the company to
grow but employees motivation towards works and achieve targets also helps companies to grow
at larger scale. Operational activities can be achieve if the role of manager and leader both
actively participate in business internal matters. There are various style of leader to motivate
their employees to achieve the targets and also mangers work effectively to manage the activities
so that they can work stress free and healthy environment. To make an effective working in the
organisation both leaders and mangers are important to make profits for longer term.
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