Cadbury: Leadership, Management, Operations, and Environmental Factors

This report provides an in-depth analysis of leadership and management practices within Cadbury, a multinational confectionery company. It begins by defining and comparing the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, highlighting their distinctions and common goals. The report then examines the roles and functions of leaders and managers in various organizational situations, such as conflict resolution, managing increased workloads, and adapting to technological advancements. It also explores the application of different leadership theories and approaches, including situational and systems leadership, assessing their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, the report delves into key approaches to operations management, emphasizing the roles of leaders and managers in achieving organizational objectives and improving operational efficiencies. Finally, it analyzes the impact of business environment factors on operational management and decision-making, considering the wider community implications.

Management And Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Overview of the chosen organization..........................................................................................1
LO1..................................................................................................................................................1
P1 Define and compare the roles and characteristics of a leader and manager...........................1
M1 Differentiate between the role of leader and function of manager........................................3
LO2..................................................................................................................................................4
P2 Role of a leader and function of manager in different situations...........................................4
P3 Application of different theories and model of approach of leadership in Organization.......5
M2 Asses the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches................................................6
D1 Analysis and evaluation of different leadership theories and approaches.............................7
LO3..................................................................................................................................................8
P4 Key approaches to operations management and role of leaders and managers in that
approaches....................................................................................................................................8
P5 Importance and value of operations management in the achievement of organizational
objectives.....................................................................................................................................9
M3 Evaluation of leaders and managers' role in improvement of efficiencies of operational
management in order to achieve the objectives.........................................................................10
LO4................................................................................................................................................10
P6 Analysis the factors of business environment that impact the operational management and
decision making by the company's leaders and managers.........................................................10
M4 Analysis the impact of the factors on the business environment and wider community....11
D2 Evaluation of application of operations management and factors that affect the business
environment...............................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Overview of the chosen organization
Cadbury is a multinational company which is 2nd largest company after Mars in the
Confectionery Industry. It was founded by John Cadbury in year 1824. Its headquarters is in
London, England, United Kingdom. This organization is serving its products and services at
global level. It has given employment to 71,657+ employees. Its parent company is Mondelez
International Company. Its key people are Irene Rosenfeild who is chairman of the company and
Dirk Van de Put who is chief executive officer of the company (Wu, 2016).
Present report will highlight the roles & characteristics of leader and manager and
compare it with each other. It will tell the roles and functions of leader and manager in the
different situation arise in the organization. It will apply different leadership theories and
approaches in the organization and tell about the strengths and weaknesses of these theories and
approaches. It will demonstrate the key approaches to operations management and highlight the
roles of leaders and managers in that key approaches. It will tell about the importance of
operations management in the achievement of organizational goals. It will assess the factors that
impact the operational management, business environment, community and decision making by
the leader & manager.
LO1
P1 Define and compare the roles and characteristics of a leader and manager
Definitions
Leader – Leader is an individual who is responsible for the guiding and motivating employees
for the achievement of personal as well as organisational objectives.
Leader is someone to whom employees follow for the achievement of organisational
tasks.
Manager – A manager is an individual who is responsible for the management of organisation.
His main functions are Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling.
Manager is someone who is answerable to organisation for direction of employees
towards their tasks in systematic manner.
Common Theme
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Both leader and manager work for the organisation and guide employees in a way so that
with the help of employees, organisation can be able to achieve the organisational objectives and
goals (Akalin, Huang and Willems, 2016).
Comparisons
Basis for Comparisons Managers Leaders
Meaning Manager of the Cadbury
company is responsible for the
operations and management of
functions, departments,
employees and procedures
carried out by the company.
Leader of the Cadbury is
responsible for the motivation
and guidance of employees
towards the organizational
objectives and goals.
For Example Top management team of the
organization make change in
the policy of organization
working style in order to
reduce the work pressure on
employees.
Leader will help manager in
execution of the new policy
regarding working style and
guide employees about how
and when to work in order to
achieve the main motive
behind the preparation and
execution of new policy.
Traits Manager of the company are
creates a vision for the
organization and break it into
short term goals in order to
achieve them with the help of
employees (Schwarz, Hall and
Shibli, 2015).
Leader of the company knows
where the employees are and
where they want to be. To
achieve their personal
objectives, leader create vision
like this so that employees can
achieve their personal as well
as organizational goals both.
Roles And Responsibilities The role of manager of the
company is to create vision,
mission and goals for the
The role of leader of the
company is to create co-
ordination and integration
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organization so that company
can achieve competitive
advantages and earn
profitability.
between personal goals with
the organizational goals. Also,
leader of the company act as a
representative of the
employees who understand
their problems and issues and
discuss it with the management
team and board of directors in
order to solve that issues or
problems.
Authority and Power Manager has the authority to
decide the criteria for the
measurement of performance.
Manager has the power of
delegation of tasks, roles and
responsibilities to the
employees of the organization.
Leaders has the authority to
influence the people of
company. Leader has the
power of allocation of
resources in the organization.
M1 Differentiate between the role of leader and function of manager
Role of Leader Function of Manager
Cadbury' Company's leader communicates
with his/her employees in order to build
relationships and create understanding between
them. He must have communication skills so
that he can understand employees' strengths
and weaknesses in regarding their tasks (Lubbe
and Potgieter, 2018).
Manager of Cadbury's company deals with the
personal data of the employees in order to
fulfill the formality according to the top
management team and board of directors.
Thus, data management is an important
function of the manager.
Leader's role is to allocation of funds and
resources to the team and its members in the
Cadbury's.
Manager's role is to allocation of funds and
resources to the department and its members in
the Cadbury's.
Leader is responsible for the tasks' completion Manager is responsible for the analysis the
3

of employees, motivating & guiding
employees for the achievement of
organizational goals of Cadbury's and follow
the hierarchical structure & formality and
direct employees for the same.
impact of environmental factors on the
business objectives, employees, strategies,
process, managerial decision making, business
environment and business culture and reduce
the negative impact of these factors on the
organization and its various aspects (Heizer
and et.al., 2017).
LO2
P2 Role of a leader and function of manager in different situations
In different situations arise in the Cadbury's organisation, leader and manager have to
carry out the roles and functions which is different from each other and also different in the
different situations. These different situations and roles & functions of managers & leaders are as
follows -
Situation 1
In Cadbury's Company, there is issue arise between various departments regarding
resources which convert into conflict which impact the departmental employees, their activities
and late completion of activities. This lead company to face completion of tasks after deadline
given by top management team.
From the above situation, leader's roles are as follows -
Leader of company can understand the problems and gather data by asking questions to the
employees. After collect data, analysis the data and try to understand the reason behind the
conflict occurrence. After knowing the reason, leader can come up with the solution and
implement the solution.
From the above situation, manager's functions are as follows -
Manager of the company can plan and implement the conflict management and monitor the
conflict according to the conflict management theory in order to reduce the impact of conflicts
on organizaton (Slack and Brandon-Jones, 2018).
Situation 2
Due to good quality and reasonable price of chocolates, Company gets big bulk order
from big party in which time is less and units of production amount is huge. This lead employees
to face workload and work pressure. Employees are getting fluctuate and demotivate.
4

From the above situation, leader's roles are as follows -
Leader's role is to motivate the employees by telling them the importance of completion of tasks
on time. Leader can allot the tasks according to the strengths and weaknesses of the employees
and it should be related with their interest area so that employees can work happily without
feeling any kind of work pressure.
From the above situation, manager's functions are as follows -
Manager's role is to direct the employees according to their roles and responsibilities. Also, they
cam create a performance appraisal system so that employees can agree to do work more.
Managers can also hire 4 or 5 employees on the contractual basis so that existing employees
don't feel pressure.
Situation 3
Due to technology advancement in machinery, Company is using this machinery for the
production of chocolates and other products which lead employees of production department to
refuse of using these machineries as it change the whole production process. Also, it is complex
in nature which is not easily understandable for employees.
From the above situation, leader's roles are as follows -
Leader's role is to motivate the employees and guide them to accept the change by making them
understand the needs of bringing technological changes (Mahadevan, 2015). Also, leaders can
communicate with employees regarding this so that leader can understand their perspective and
accordingly adopt the leadership style.
From the above situation, manager's functions are as follows -
Manager's role is to provide training and coaching to the employees regarding new technology
and their usage. With that manager can appraise the performance of manager on the machinery
so that he can understand the situation and problems which is being face by employees (Reid and
Sanders, 2015).
P3 Application of different theories and model of approach of leadership in Organization
There are various approaches and theories which is being adopted by the leaders of the
Cadbury Company. These leadership approaches and theories are as follows -
Situational Leadership
5

Situational leadership approach states that there is no best way to lead a team by a leader.
Leader leads the team according to the situations and accordingly adopt the leadership styles for
the leading of team.
Leader of the Cadbury Company use situational leadership approach in which leader
adopt the various leadership style according to the situation running in the organization. Suppose
there is a situation arise in the organization such as lack of co-ordination between various
departmental teams. In this situation, leader can adopt participative or autocratic leadership style
in order to create a co-ordination between various teams.
It helps leader tD2 o adopt flexibility in their leadership styles which is beneficial for the
leaders' professional growth. In case, leaders change his leadership style according to the
situation, but it is not always necessary for them to be success.
Systems Leadership
Systems leadership approach states that in order to create integration between people,
systems and processes, leaders must have created the conditions where all the levels of
employees have to work together and put 100% efforts to increase their productivity to the
potential.
For example – Suddenly Cadbury get the bulk order from their party. In this situation,
employees will get afraid as they have to manufacturing more units of the chocolates rather than
daily fixed unit. In this condition, leader will encourage and motivate the employees and tell
them that it is important for them. Like this leader will create such situation in which employees
will manufacture the chocolates and leader will help & motivate them (Hitt, Xu and Carnes,
2016).
It helps Cadbury to improve its productivity as well as profitability as employees put their
efforts which lead overall improvement in performance of organization. It also can lead to work
pressure on employees which can increase the employees turnover rate for the organization.
Contingency Leadership
Contingency leadership approach states that leader's effectiveness is being judge by his
leadership style which must be match with the situation arise in the organization. It mainly focus
on the situations and styles of leaders.
For example – Suddenly Cadbury get the bulk order from their party. In this situation,
employees will get afraid as they have to manufacturing more units of the chocolates rather than
6

daily fixed unit and refuse to do excess work. In this situation, leader must have to adopt
autocratic leadership style rather than democratic leadership style.
It allows leaders as well as organization to choose different leadership style as per the
different situational contexts. It is a complex approach in the implementation.
M2 Asses the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
Strengths and Weaknesses of Different Approaches
Approaches Strengths Weaknesses
Situational Leadership Through this approach, leader
of the company can identify
the employees' status in the
organization and accordingly
use the appropriate leadership
style to motivate them to
perform.
Wrong analysis of the situation
can impact the leader negative
and they start doubting on
themselves in every situation
which lead to lack of self
confidence.
Systems Leadership It brings harmony in decision
making of every leader which
improves the efficiency of
work.
Application of this theory
requires a lot of time and focus
which is not possible in every
situation (Rumble, 2019).
Contingency Leadership Leaders can use this theory
when he thinks that it can fit
with the current situation of
the company which bring
flexibility in the organization.
It is not possible for the leader
to consider every factors in
taking decisions regarding
situations.
D1 Analysis and evaluation of different leadership theories and approaches
There are various theories and approaches which is being used by the Cadbury's leaders
according to their perceptions. All leaders have their own perception which affect leadership
theories & approaches as well as their leadership style.
Cadbury's Company leaders has adopted Situational, Systems and Contingency
leadership approaches which has its own strengths and weaknesses according to the particular
7

situations. Sometimes this approaches also becomes fail because it is not necessary that adopted
leadership approaches can be successful in every situations which has arisen in the company.
This approaches also impact the skills and capability of leaders as they have to analysis
the situations as well as the reactions of employees towards situations which can impact their
leadership styles as well as their decision making which is directly link to their skills and
capabilities (Radnor and et.al., 2015).
LO3
P4 Key approaches to operations management and role of leaders and managers in that
approaches
There are various key approaches to operations management in the Cadbury company
which are as follows -
Total Quality Management (TQM)
For the implementation of TQM in the organization, Cadbury Company is mainly
focusing on the customers and follow the quality which is determined by customers. Cadbury is
focusing on the improvement of quality. For that, company is focusing on the training of
employees, make communication transparent & open in order to prevent it from
miscommunicate and create co-ordination between employees, processes and systems of the
organization. Also, to improve the quality, company is encouraging the involvement of
employees in the decision making and making working environment proper. Also, company is
providing their employees a power to take action regarding quality improvement and for that
they can stop the production line too.
Just-In-Time (JIT)
It is an inventory management technique and is a type of lean production. Lean
production in which company is focusing on the minimization of wastage materials and
resources without any compromise made in production and production process. In this approach,
Cadbury orders raw materials from their suppliers and make that raw materials access directly to
the production department which increase the efficiency and reduce the waste as company only
orders raw materials which is required by them. It also helps in reduction of inventory costs
which improve the pricing structure for the company's products (Khanna, 2015).
Kaizen
8

Kaizen refers to the activities which is focusing on the improvement of functions of
organization and for that it involve every members of organization in the organizational
activities. It is also a technique of Lean manufacturing system which is being used by Cadbury
Company. It benefits company in many ways such as elimination of wastage materials,
strengthen the productivity, encouragement of involvement of employees in organization and
promotion of invention or innovation which lead organization to gain satisfied, efficient and
loyal employees. It also helps organization to create good working environment and friendly
cultural environment in their business (Ravinder and Kollikkathara, 2017).
Cadbury follows 7 steps process in order to make work Kaizen for organization. These 7
steps process are as follows -
Company involves every employees in their issues, decision making process and
activities in order to create understanding with them.
Company is trying to find out as many issues facing by employees and creates lists in
order to solve them.
Company and employees together tries to solve those issues in order to make working
environment happy and efficient and for that company is encouraging employees to find
innovative solutions.
After finding solutions, company is analysing them in order to make sure that the solution
is accurate for the issues or not.
After that company will implement the solutions for sometimes and analysis the
situations on the interval basis in order to find out that solution worked or not. Basically
company will analysis the result.
If result is positive, then company will implement that solutions in the organization
permanently (Gillen, Jacquillat and Odoni, 2016).
Here, these 7 steps of Kaizen process will not stop, but repeated on the ongoing basis in
order to improve the working environment and activities of organization by tracking and solving
new issues.
P5 Importance and value of operations management in the achievement of organizational
objectives
Operational management is one of the important function of organisation. Also, it is
considered to be the heart for organisation as it helps Cadbury to achieve its objectives and goals.
9

Cadbury is known for manufacturing dairy milk and its related products which requires a lot of
raw materials. Availability of raw material, reaching of finished goods at stores on times and
proper planning of designing attractive shapes of chocolates affect the profitability of company.
Proper management of production of products will lead to maintain the quality standards of the
company which attract customers for the consumption of products which increase the
profitability and efficiencies of organisation. It also help Cadbury to manage all the activities in
systematic way which improve the harmony between activities and increase the profitability for
the organisation. It also helps managers to do utilisation of resources properly without any
wastage of it which reduce the production cost and increase the profitability.
M3 Evaluation of leaders and managers' role in improvement of efficiencies of operational
management in order to achieve the objectives
Manager and leader of Cadbury's Company can improve the efficiencies of operational
management by following ways which are mentioning below -
Manager and leader can focus on the quality control system which help them to improve
their products' quality. Because today's customers are more conscious about the quality of
products. Improvement in quality will lead company to increase their efficiencies and brand
image. Due to quality management, company can bear high costs for the production, which can
increase in pricing of products (Schönsleben, 2016).
Manager and leader can provide training to their employees regarding communication
skills which lead to clear understanding between various employees-managers-leaders-
supervisors etc. This will lead to enhnace in harmony between various aspects of organisation
and improve the efficiencies of operations carry by the Cadbury's. It is not neccassary that by
providing training, all the employees are able to adopt the communication skills.
LO4
P6 Analysis the factors of business environment that impact the operational management and
decision making by the company's leaders and managers
There are various external factors which can affect the operational management and
decision making of the Cadbury's leaders and managers. These external factors are as follows -
Shortage of Raw Material
Availability of raw material will affect the production and its capability of organisation.
Lack of raw material will lead to lack of finished goods which can increase the gap between
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demand and supply of the products. Also, lack of raw material can lead to become constraints in
further activities of production which will negatively impact the operational management. It will
also impact the decision making of manager and leader as due to lack of raw material can lead
them to think about the another products which can substitute the products.
Technological Dimension
Change in technological aspect of production also impact the operational management.
As due to technological advancement, there will be improvement in production process as well
as in the improvement of quality which will increase the profitability for the operational
management department and organisation too. Impact of technological aspect will also impact
the decisions of managers and leaders as they will provide training and coaching to the
employees as well as change the vision and working styles of the employees (Ravindran, 2016).
Quality Aspects
Change in government policy regarding quality aspect can affect the operational
management of Cadbury's Company. Company have to change in their operational management
techniques which is used by company for the improvement and maintenance of quality in the
organisation. This can lead company to reduce its quantity or increase its costs which can affect
the company's profitability and lost of customer base. This will affect the operations of the
company too. Manager and leader's decision regarding quality will also affect by the change in
quality aspects as they have to follow the government policy which can lead them to change the
working style of the company as well as employees in order to improve the quality.
M4 Analysis the impact of the factors on the business environment and wider community
There are various factors which can impact the business environment and wider
community. These factors are as follows -
Shortage of Raw Material
Due to shortage of raw material, company is not able to produce their standard units of
products which decrease their profitability and increase the tension in the business environment.
It leads customers not able to consume products of the Cadbury and they are diverted on another
business brand (Song and Parola, 2015).
Technological Dimension
Due to technological advancement, company is able to producing good quality products
at the reasonable price. This also helps in increasing the efficiency of employees who are
11

satisfied with their work environment and it helps in maintaining good business environment. It
helps community to get the good quality products which is beneficial for their health and life
quality
Quality Aspect
Due to change in quality standards, company needs to change in its quality standards
which is a long process and it can stop the production process for the short time which can create
tension in the business environment of Cadbury. Also, change in quality standards can attract the
more customers as they are becoming more & more conscious which improve their health and
life quality. Increase in customer base can lead to increase in profitability which lead to business
environment to become more efficient (Haksever and Render, 2017).
D2 Evaluation of application of operations management and factors that affect the business
environment
Application of operations management is important for the business as it involves core
activity of the business which is related to the business objectives i.e.- earning profits and
gaining competitive advantages over its competitors. Thus, application of operations
management and its approaches required a lot of knowledge, skills and ability which must be
involve in the managers and leaders of the company.
There are various internal and external environmental factors which can affect the
business environment as well as its related aspects. These factors can positively as well as
negatively impact the business. Thus, analysis of these impacts on business is necessary for the
manager and leader of organization (Battini and et.al., 2016).
CONCLUSION
From the above study, it can be summarized that leaders and managers are considered to
be key employees of the organization. Both have the same objective “To achieve the
organizational objectives and goals”. Thus, both should work together in order to improve future
leadership and management skills as well as to direct the employees in one way so that company
can achieve the organizational goals. Organization is a complex unit where a lot of procedures,
people and activities are carried out which creates a lot of situations for the organisation and it
can impact the negatively on business activities. Thus, to reduce the negativity of these
situations, managers and leaders of the company adopts different leadership theories in order to
encourage employees to work proper. There are various theories which can be applied to
12

different situations arises in the organization according to the suitability of organizational goals.
Operational management is an important branch of management of organization which deals
with the productions of products and services & its related aspects. There are various approaches
which can be used by organization according to the availability of resources, funds and
capabilities. Organization involves around an organizational environment where various factors
are involved and impact the operations of environment & decision making of manager and
leader. Analysis of these factors are important for the organization in order to prevent from any
kind of negativity which comes from these factors.
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REFERENCES
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