Leadership and Management: Theories, Styles & Organizational Culture

This report explores leadership and management theories, styles, and their application in various business situations, focusing on River Island as a case study. It discusses situational, behavioral, and contingency leadership theories, as well as scientific management, bureaucracy, and human relations theories. The report critiques the impact of these approaches and assesses different leadership and management styles, including domestic and visionary styles. It also examines factors influencing organizational culture, such as top leadership principles and the nature of the business. Furthermore, the report proposes a motivational strategy for achieving organizational objectives and recommends performance improvement measures. The document is available on Desklib, a platform offering a wide range of study resources for students.

Leadership and
Mangment

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................4
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
P1 Discuss different theories of leadership in relation to the management activities in
different organisations. ...............................................................................................................4
P2 Explore different theories of management in relation to the management and leadership
activities in different organisations. ...........................................................................................6
D1. Critique the impact of various approaches to leadership and management.........................7
P3 Assess different leadership and management styles and their application in a range of
business situations in different organisations..............................................................................8
P4 Examine the factors that influence the development of the culture in organisations............9
P5 Produce a motivational strategy for an organisation that supports optimal achievement of
organisational objectives...........................................................................................................10
P6 Apply to a range of business situations, appropriate leadership and management
approaches for managing performance and continuous improvement.....................................11
D3. Make recommendations to performance improvement......................................................13
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Leadership and management is the process which helps in developing productivity within
business making performance improved. These perspectives makes business improved within
particular market place. Leaders present within business makes employees feel motivated by
guiding them in order to grow business taking place. Through management business able to
work over structure helping in making various process run in more effective manner.
Management leads upon developing organization's internal and external working. Both
leadership and management together work for growth of organization in right direction by
creating demand of product circulation. Respective report is based on the river Island which is a
high street fashion brand operates in the no. of worldwide market, headquartered in London. The
file covers about theories of leadership and management with leadership styles. Also explanation
is provided regarding factors impacting organizational culture. In the end business situation has
been explained.
MAIN BODY
P1 Discuss different theories of leadership in relation to the management activities in different
organisations.
Leadership means inspiring and motivating over group of people working with individual
making certain activities done over common goals and objectives of an organizations
accomplished effectively. It is used for capturing important aspects which has been prepared in
order to guide others(Kendrick, Bartram and Burgess, 2017). This makes effectiveness
developed within leadership helping organization's growth done within market. It helps in
engaging with employees as leaders wants them to develop more productivity within
organization process. It pertains about making sound and complicated decision leading over
developing clear vision making goals objectives achieved through using tools and equipments
making organizations aspirations achieved in relation over river island leadership theories has
been explained as follows:

The organization has been operating and managing various kinds of business activities that has
been used in order to create effective leadership and management impact which helps in attaining
desirable objectives which has been explained as follows:
Situational leadership theory:
In the overall leadership approach suggestions has been made about leader having act to
be made in flexible manner through diagnosing style within in specific situation which is
applicable in practical manner making important outcomes achieved. Leaders not breed or born
over various kinds of development capabilities in oneself over serving which are functional in
nature. Situational leadership helps in making attempt over effective kind of leadership important
in different situations. After utilizing situational leadership style leading upon making adoption
done as per changing situation over gaining desirable outcomes effectively.
Behavioural theory of Leadership:
This theory of leadership believes that leaders are build not born. In this major focus is
over actions and behavioural patterns of leader rather than its characteristics and trade. It regards
more effective leadership which makes outcomes developed of several learned skills(Knezović,
Bušatlić and Riđić, 2020). This theory is known as style theory dealing with patterns of
behaviour noticing and categorized within the theory. As per this leadership styles contains
people oriented leaders, task oriented leaders and leaders having status quo, dictatorial and many
more. At last actual behaviour and actions has defined the success of great leaders within the
theory.Benefits:
 It helps leaders to know and decide of over actions with behaviour which has to be
implemented over leadership making it more effective in nature. Also leaders know and decide about actions and behaviour willing to implement
leadership in more effective manner.Drawbacks:
 It makes flexibility created particular circumstances. There are various leadership styles helping in forming theory making appropriate
situation handled more effectively.Contingency theory of leadership:

This theory also known as situational theory which makes leadership style used in order
to supplant other(Kundu, Mor and Gahlawat, 2020). It makes leadership dependent over making
hand in hand situation. The main focus is upon specific factors based over environment creating
influence upon specific leadership which is best appropriate for situation. It makes pertains over
no single leadership style that is best as per situation. Through explaining about single leadership
style great leaders mould patters as per the conditions.Benefits:
 The main focus is upon situations Leaders through shaping leadership style as per situation based over certain
circumstances.Drawbacks:
 This makes concentrate over psychology working over workplace itself.
 Through concentrate enough that how styles of leadership change upon period of time.
Open system to respond diverse business environment:
An open system is the core concept in organisational analysis which helps to interact
with business environment and for its renewal and growth to remain competitive in the
marketplace. In context of River island by managing the inflows and outflows to interact with the
environment potentially.
P2 Explore different theories of management in relation to the management and leadership
activities in different organisations.
Management means those tasks and activities which makes accomplishment over
aspiration of workplace by making activities continued in relation over planning, organizing,
directing and controlling the financial, human, information, physical resources that is present
within an organization(Rachid, Mohamed and Khouaja, 2018). In relation to river island
management theory has been discussed as follows:
Scientific management theory:
Scientific management theory makes application of engineering science over production
floor. This theory has focus upon improving efficiency of each individual within an
organization . Focus of the theory making improvement done with efficiency for an individual
within an organization. It has been helping in increasing production through intensive kind of
technology as humans uses technology in order to complete routine task. In the encompasses

work performed within production floor which are adequate form others such as repetitive in
nature. In relation over River island elimination has been done over repetitive tasks used for
standardizing work methods making competitive marketplace developed.
Bureaucracy theory of management:
Bureaucratic theory of management has been developed by Max Weber having two
essential elements including structuring of organization within hierarchy clearly defining about
goals and objectives for governing business activities. In relation over River Island the theory of
management helping in creating hierarchy of command making communication within the
organization and shares role properly.
Human Relations theory of management:
The theory has been introduced by Elton Mayo believing that experiments has been
configuring upon enhancing over productivity making human relation foundations possible. The
intention of theory based upon changing working conditions and deals with various factors like
break time, lightning and length of workday(Rossidis, Belias and Vasiliadis, 2021). Every
change made has been resulting in improving performance. The emphasis raised with the theory
makes workers more willing to work by providing personal attention which is being part of team
they are been given over workplace conditions with money incentives.Benefits:
 It has been focused over improving employees productivity
 It removes workplace bitterness or any kind of factor leading towards conflict. This also focus upon improving human relations in making better relationship developed
effectively.Drawbacks:
 It has been excluding the road map of work required to be done by an organization.
 In this focus developed over human theory which makes other aspects uncovered.
D1. Critique the impact of various approaches to leadership and management.
Its has been observed that different theories and approaches has been helping leadership
and management over behavioural, contingency, scientific relations. In relation to river island it
has been observed that various kinds of theories and approaches to leadership with management
through behavioural, contingency, scientific or human relations. This makes various approaches
used in order to develop perfect management in more effective manner. Through leaders or

manager flexibility is created within leadership helping in making situations create demand. This
is important aspect over leadership and management covered.
P3 Assess different leadership and management styles and their application in a range of
business situations in different organisations.
Management means that is important helping in developing growth of business within
market which effective function functioning of business can take place management in business
helping in reducing workload in business taking palce within management of business helping in
reducing workload within business performing employees not getting effected. In relation over
river island managers and leaders following proper management within the business so that
performance of business is increased and services has been improved so as to increase demand
for the organization by increasing its market value within particular market. Through proper
engagement and leadership approach customers loyalty increases within market making
circulation of products done more effectively(Singh, 2018). Different leadership styles has been
used by leaders in order to develop guidance and training of employees as per the business
requirement. The leaders of river island used domestic leadership style which makes employees
get involved within decision making in order to perform as per business. The leadership is used
for making stability created within various process of organization like River island. Further, this
leadership style makes motivation done of employee making work done more effectively making
better results achieved in terms of organizations growth. The organization uses visionary
management style which makes organization work as per organizations vision which helps in
attracting customers over attention. This makes positive development done with innovative
ideas taking place within organization. The management styled helps upon providing services
helping upon making business so that organization develop business with competitive edge. If
different ideas will take place in the business then it will helps in developing the services of the
business due to which competitive advantage will be gained in the market which will further
increase the profitability of the business in the marketplace. if employees will get the authority to
take decision in the business then will develop the confidence of the employees which will helps
in increasing the ability of the employees in the marketplace. These styles helps over making
leadership and management possible with more effectiveness helping in creating opportunity for
business to growth in positive manner.

P4 Examine the factors that influence the development of the culture in organisations
Workplace culture is based over values, practices and expectations which helps in
making direct communication possible over actions taken by all group of members. The
collection of traits and characteristics makes determination done by organizing various
perspective in more effective manner. These characteristics and traits determines about various
aspects present within an organization. The culture is based over various set of values, practices
and exceptions directing and communicating actions over group members. In this collections of
traits or characteristics determines within organization. It makes workplace culture representing
positive traits or characteristics determining within an organization. In case Rivers island making
factors making development of culture possible within organization: Top leadership principles: Leadership makes organization significantly affecting
policies, rules and procedures setting of team members. It helps in enhancing value,
principles or philosophies which is used by leaders or manager serving results of an
organization. For instance an manager over firm having simple leadership philosophy
enabling over treating people dignity and respecting. It makes fostering culture of an
organization enhancing quality of services through improving experience of client. Nature of business: The is based over motive, operations and market of organization
which makes company delivery over impact workers behaviour(Triwibisono, Sule, and
Yunizar, 2017). In relation over services given by river island an significant difference
has been created through goods and services produced in the lives of customers. It
makes delivery and influence created over workplace culture and making workers feel
about working. Recruitment and selection: This is one of the most important aspects which is used in
order to make meaningful impact developed over growth of organizations culture. If
employees having adaptability and flexibility in working then development of culture is
done more effectively.

Differences in background: It is found that cultural development has been affecting
cultural beliefs in relation over work related concept. If an organization has different
cultural backgrounds of employee then it might created problem in development of
organization.

It has been marked out that workplace culture hinders or fosters the performance of
organization. The culture of an organizations which sets exceptions over how employees work
over behaving within team. Leaders are required to apply mission, vision, objectives and values
of firms so as to make employee directed in more effective manner. Workplace having better
environment makes productivity, employees' performance and engagement done which makes
organization grow in more effective way.
P5 Produce a motivational strategy for an organisation that supports optimal achievement of
organisational objectives
There are different kinds of strategies that has been used by leaders or managers which
makes motivation done over followers for improving organizations in more effective manner. In
relation to river island it has been expanded as follows: Reward system: Employees can only be motivated through providing fair incentives in
order to motivate employee which increases productivity. This makes manager utilize
various kinds of reward systems and invectives making employee increase with
productivity. This is based over various aspects like bonus, travel perks, paid time off and
voucher. Trust: This is one of the prominent aspect which is present within the organization and
there are two ways street. Employees willing to know that their employers has been
looking out for their best interests making promotion done over success. Leaders willing
to know that trust is maintained within followers in order to do work effectively with
more productive outcomes. Also in this an person is able to foster information in a way
that each person creating positive impact upon organization(Wassell and Bouchard,
2020).

Career Advancement: Employees makes willingness to be done if the senses that
organizations career has been advancing through growing and developing an organization
more impactful manner. Leaders and managers helps in making sustainable developed
over motivation strategy making sure that opportunities and avenues for team members
promoting role. They make facilitating over job training with future qualification.

This is very essential of employees retaining motivation within organization in an organization
resulting in making productivity within the organization. In relation over river island there are
two main types of motivators trough which an employee makes rewards generated. In this
intrinsic rewards has been related upon physiological rewards that workers retrieved from doing
meaningful job and performing business more effectively. For example personal development,
feeling of competency or self control within the work. This makes rewards referred in relation
over tangible or financial rewards providing staff members with benefits like pay raises,
compensation and many more.
P6 Apply to a range of business situations, appropriate leadership and management approaches
for managing performance and continuous improvement.Situation1: Low productivity of employees
This is major issue within an organization if employees has been discouraging and
demotivating within an organization. It leads over making productivity developed within an
organization. Managers and leaders uses proper approach leading over dealing with issues that
employees feel recognized and motivated towards work.Application of theory:
For this situation of low employee and productivity in an organization with an company
helping leaders using transactional theory over leadership considered rewarding and punishment
on the bases of action leaders(Wassell and Bouchard, 2020). This is common leadership theory
making rearwards provided to these employees working hard and delivering greater performance
for river island. They make reward increased salary, promotion and various other aspects. This
makes punishment covered over various aspects likely to give job in more effective manner.
They can make reward in the form of increasing salary, promotion and various other things. It
make punishing who are not likely to be given. Employee makes punishment given in more
effective manner.Situation2: Lack of clarity in work
This is another issue affecting workplace improvement. It is required by leaders and
mangers helping in selecting clear visions, mission, goals which makes clear vision of employees
known in order to make goals reached more effectively within an organization.Application of administrative management theory:

This theory of management has major emphasize paid over rational method making
designing at workplace as a whole. The main focus of theory over formalizing administrative
structure which creates clear labour division, delegation of authority and power various other
things. It includes various kinds of principles helping in directing leaders dealing over situation
improving organizational productivity. This makes approach and employer coordinate in relation
over internal activities of an organization. Moreover, leader will be able to predict the situation
and improves efficiencies in the river island. This changes management helps in making
identifying changes within external and external factors with effective communication that is
important with effective change within management in business over changes which impacts
functioning of business due to which development of proper communication is done within
business. In various services industry change management identified according to work done by
managers and leaders of business. Through making all process of organization done in more
effective way. This makes services changes with leaders of business(Wright, 2021).
Also change management can be done by changing the culture of the business new
culture create various new policies accordingly to which functioning of the business should be
done to increase the profit of the business managers and leader plans new strategies in the
business so that performance of the business can be enhanced in the market and more profit can
be earned so that productivity of the business can also be increased in the market. In the
hospitality industry lewins change management model is used which helps in understanding the
organisation and its structure it involves three stages un freeze in this stage employees get
prepared regarding the new changes in the business second is change in which new changes are
adopted in the business and last is refreeze in which changes are adopted by the business. This si
important for an organization like river island which helps in making various aspects covered in
more effective manner.
D3. Make recommendations to performance improvement.
 Culture- The Culture of a company is the main element which is present in the internal
environment of a company. It is main responsibility of human resource management in a
company to form precise policy related to culture in order to manage different type of
employees in long run. Culture at British Airways arises due to the combination of
different employees and their traditions.

 Employee beliefs and attitudes- It is essential need of a business firm to develop a HR
strategy while considering the major beliefs and attitudes of different employees. In the
organisational development and internal environment, the main role is played by different
beliefs and attitude of different employees.
 Leadership and team management- The leadership is an important activity is performed
in the management of operations of employees. In the team management, leadership play
a critical role by managing large number of employees (Delery, 2017). It is essential for
British Airways to implement most appropriate leadership style which is democratic
leadership to grow at marketplace.
External factor that influence the HR strategies in a business are mentioned below:
 Market demand- The market demand is major external factor which is helpful in
developing business's internal environment. Most of the successful international and
national companies takes into consideration market demand as a major external factor
which influences HR strategies in a major sense.
 Current business trends- The contemporary and recent business trends helps in
developing business opportunities. Current business practices which are developed by
business entities in market are related to current market trends in order to gain
competency edge.
CONCLUSION
From the above stated report it can be concluded that there is a main role played human
resource management to lead the marketplace. In a business entity, there is a crucial role
developed by HR management in order to formulate effective business strategy. This report
concludes that many different companies in the international market follow ethical and
sustainable practices for the long term success of business. This project concludes that it is
important for an organisation to follow the different change management to gain competitive
advantage. The above discussion concludes that HR management and development is the
essential need of every company to increase employee productivity. This report also concludes
that it is essential for human resource management to gain competency edge by implementation
of precise HR strategies. In the era of stiff competition between various companies, it is essential
for every company to put efforts for the development of employees in order to achieve individual
and mutual goals.

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