Leadership and Management: Theories, Functions, and Comparisons

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the differences and similarities between leaders and managers, emphasizing their roles within an organizational context. It explores various leadership theories, including transactional, situational, and contingency models, while also detailing the core functions of management, such as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The report delves into the comparison of leadership and management styles, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, and assesses the impact of these approaches on operational management. Furthermore, it examines factors affecting business environments and evaluates different operations management theories, ultimately demonstrating how the integration of leadership and management principles can streamline organizational governance and enhance overall success.

[OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT IN
THE FOOD
INDUSTRY]

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Task1................................................................................................................................................2
1.1 The differences & definition between leader & manger........................................................2
1.2 Various function of the management.....................................................................................5
1.3 Leadership theories, style, traits & contingency....................................................................6
Transactional leadership..............................................................................................................6
Situational & contingency leadership theory...............................................................................7
1.4 Comparison between the role of a manager and a leader......................................................7
1.5 The strengths and weaknesses of different approaches.........................................................7
1.6 Assessment of different theories of leadership......................................................................8
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................8
2.1 Effective approaches to operations management by the manger and the..............................8
2.2 Importance of operations management in reaching business objectives.............................10
2.3 Factors within the business management that impacts upon operational management.......10
2.4 Improvement in the efficiencies of the operations management.........................................11
2.5 Different factors affect in the business environment...........................................................11
2.6 Evaluation of the operations management theories.............................................................11
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12
References......................................................................................................................................12
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Introduction
The leadership and management of any organization is an important factor in the organization’s
success. The leaders of the organizations do the overall strategic planning of the organizational
objectives and mitigating threats to the company either internal or external in nature. The
leadership is a relatively older concept that was separated from management. However, in the
modern times the leadership has become a necessary quality for any managers to possess, as they
have to lead people in a direction that will ensure the achievement of the objectives of the
company (Selznick, 2011). The overall scope of the managerial responsibilities are gained with
his office but the leadership and devotion of the employees and their loyalty is gained through
personal charm and man management skills of the person. Therefore, the leadership and
management of any workforce are dependent on the official capacity as well as management.
The overall role of the managers includes the directive of the efforts of the workforce in a
particular objective. This is conventionally done through managerial power gained by the office
but the leadership skills, if possessed by the manager makes the process easier as it ensnares the
cooperation of the subordinates who become willing followers (Goleman, Boyatzis & McKee,
2013). The report is based on the differences and similarities between the leaders and the
managers and how their operating principles are interchangeable in the organizational scenario.
The overall scope of the operations in any organization is based on the different leadership
approaches and merging it with the managerial responsibilities which makes the direction and
control of workforce easier (Müller & Turner, 2010). Therefore, through the report the
management and leadership concepts and their application will be used to demonstrate their
interchangeability of the principles and how the integration of both can make the organizational
governance easier.
Task1
1.1 The differences & definition between leader & manger
Management & leadership style has seen different types of ways in diverse people. There are
different types of leaders & the mangers, & they are giving their ideas & motivation in various
types of ways. The leadership field is the very fast growing part of any organization from the
starting of the 20th century. In this case the concept of the management & the leadership has
played an enforcing principles & motivate the employees for communicate future objectives &
aims. The management & the leadership are the partner in the success & failure in any types of
sector. The basic fundamental concept of leader is who is eligible to take lead in any project or
assignment. The manger has controlled the whole unit of this project, this manger is able to
pressure & how to control the hectic situation of this filed work.
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Features of comparison Leadership Management
Definition and meaning Leadership is said to be a unique
quality that emphases on leading
the employees in a suitable way
to achieve desired objectives for
the whole.
Management is kind of
monitoring a process of
planning, designing,
organizing and coordinating
all operations of the
organizations.
Foundation Leadership is completely
originated upon building up trust
and loyalty between the leader
and his team members.
Management runs by the
rules of administering and
controlling the operations to
reach the goal.
Authority Leaders inspire the employees to
do their operations correctly, they
build up connection with them
and influence, work with them to
support them (Griffin, 2010).
Managers on the other hand
believe in grooming the
staffs and take full control
over to reach the desired
goal.
Giving Importance Leadership is the quality to
inspire and motivate the
employees in an effective manner
so that they can gain interest and
put more efforts at work to
accomplish the goal.
Managers mostly trusts their
managerial and controlling
skills to complete the events
of the organizations thereby
assuring the effectiveness of
work.
Attention Leaders are focused upon
reassuring and fetching in
optimistic changes into the
organizational operations.
Managers mainly focus upon
assuring solidity and
determination into the
organizational operations.
Strategical difference Leaders are mainly active, well-
organized individual whose
personalities, styles and
approaches interests and attracts
his fellow employees in order to
please the employer and fulfil
their basic work needs by
Managers are sensitive in
nature, they tend to control
and guide the employees as
they feel that reaching the
target is the only necessary
thing for the organizational
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cumulative of their performance
values.
success.
Viewpoints The main principles of becoming
an actual leader is to have a better
foresightedness, the leaders
should predict the chances and
encounters that the organizations
are likely to face in the future and
accordingly guide his followers to
maintain their quality standards
(Osborne, 2008).
Managers possess a short
perspective, they admit and
focuses upon the present
situation or the present
activities and do not foresee
the upcoming encounters and
possibilities.
Follow The leaders follow certain
specific philosophies and
strategies and narrate the same to
his followers which will
encourage and motivate them so
all the operations can be carried
out morally and properly.
The managers mainly follow
definite policies and
measures made by the
organizational ethics and lead
the personnel to comply with
them while doing work.
Attitudes towards
changes
Leader’s aim is to create new
changes and opportunities into
the organizational operations.
Managers react to the new
changes expressively and
instruct the personnel to cope
up with the new changes.
Contribution of ideas Leaders tend to implement good
and unique ideas at work to
improve the operations
Managers think critically and
find out effective and
innovative ideas running by
the rule books.
Persuasion Proper leadership practices
encourage the followers to give
their best at their workplace
domains.
Managers communicate with
the employees to help them
understand their job roles and
duties properly (Drucker,
2014).
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Acknowledgement The leaders take the
responsibilities to build up
effective teams and seek
beneficial outcomes from them as
a whole.
Managers focuses on the job
and they take the credit of the
positive outcomes from the
business with individual
benefits.
1.2 Various function of the management
In this essay repot there are verities type of functions have related to the organization. These
types of functions are organizing, directing, controlling & planning. These all things are
relatively help for succeed a management program. These all things have described below:
Planning
Planning is the formulation of fundamental management. Per day production, schedule & day-
by-day plan making are demography of the operational plans. Planning has required for the
future circumstances. The management planning has processed by the conducting of logical
sequences, it has written below:
 Establishment of objective
 Analysis of the conducting situation
 Evaluation of alternatives
 Proper choosing & implement of the plan
Organizing
Organizing is the manual system, which has provided to the organization. This organization
system is seeking by the efficiency & effectiveness by the oriented system. Thing things have
depended on the concept of specialization. This concept has conducted with the different types of
tasks, which has assigned by the particular department. It can arrange several types of element in
a one structure. This structure has regulating the rules & responsibilities in the organization. The
focus of the organization is the arranging & allocating human & non-human involvement. That is
why organizing is a very important part because allocating the right man for the right job is very
much necessary to reach the target within the given time limit (Burns, 2008). Time management
is also a factor that have to be keep in mind while organizing the activities. Not only organizing,
supervising the progress of them as they are going in the right direction, is also a very significant
part of operations management.
Leading
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Leading is very vital part of any organization. A proper leadership is the process of motivating &
influencing to achievement of the success. A successfully & efficient leader have must leader
team with a proper direction & motivate their employees to fulfill urgent task in required time.
With the proper leadership the employees will be guided towards the correct path so the given
tasks will be completed perfectly in time, condition and quality. Leaders also needs to keep in
mind that the fellow workers abilities and ego must not be hurt. They have to keep a work
friendly professional relation with them so they will feel comfortable as well as well guided and
composed towards the activities.
Controlling
Finally controlling is another crucial part of any organization. Planning, organizing, leading are
four functions is main function of the organization. This all things have provided by the
managers. These four major components are the advantage of the organization. The management
has balanced the various components of good manner & a good manger has an eligibility to
maintain balance & motivated the employees. Controlling the workers means by keeping the
friendly relation in a professional manner to secure the task to be completed in time.
1.3 Leadership theories, style, traits & contingency
In a management system the leadership theory, style, traits & contingency are the vital part to
carry out the management of an organization. According to the statement of Storey, the
perception of leadership in the organization has involved with the years of changing of theories
for leadership development. This person has identified the fundamental theories as behavioral
theory, trait theory, contingency & situational theory, new leadership (transformational theory),
path goal models, and constructivist theory (Griffin, 2010).
Transactional leadership
According to the study research report this things have conducted that the transactional leaders
have clarified the followers responsibilities, expectation, tasks this would be fulfill the benefits
of followers & self-interests. These types of leaders have operated the excising system of the
boundaries, which emphasize the process in a predictable environment.
Situational & contingency leadership theory
Situational & contingency leadership theory is the best style for the leadership procedure. This
theories have been well accepted in overall the world in different bid organizations. The
Situational theory of leadership referred as one of the most effective and capable theory of
leadership. As proposed by Kenneth Blanchard and Paul Hersey, the managers or the leaders of
the organization have to be adjustable and flexible with their approach and style of leadership in
order to suit the development style of the organization and also the employees to make them
more comfortable and confident. It is very important for the organization to realize the right time
to change the old leadership style and implement the new situational leadership style which fits
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the perspective and expectations of the employees of the organization (Bryman and Lilley,
2009).
On the other hand the Contingency theory of Leadership states that the managers or the leaders
have to change themselves and their decisions in the idle of some activities under needed
circumstances to take control of the situation. The situation demands great understanding
between the leaders and the subordinates. This style of leadership enables the leaders to take up
specific and fruitful decisions at the point of time which can solve the internal issues of the
organization keeping the goals in mind. As the manager is responsible for allocating and
managing jobs so he needs to understand when and how he have to come up with new and
certain decisions for the sake of the company’s good and profit.
1.4 Comparison between the role of a manager and a leader
The terms ‘management’ and ‘leadership’ are the same in case of the work they provide to the
organization but from the style of work, way of working and approach in different situations are
totally different from each other although the target of the job is almost same just the way of
reaching the target is hugely different. The leader is a character whose personality and way of
approach influences and attracts his fellow employees to follow him. Whereas the manager runs
by the rules and manages, understands and motivates team members to reach the target
(Cisneros, 2011). The manager divides the work into his team regarding their activities and leads
them to success. The whole pint of viewing the task is totally different for each other. These are
the basic differences the manager and the leader have in their way of approaching and working
out the activities.
1.5 The strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
Leadership and management are both the same from the outside point of view but there are a lot
of differences in there. But also both of these have its weaknesses and strengths. But in the
Prezzo restaurant the organization needs the leading qualities of a manager and foreseeing of a
leader. The problems of monitoring and organizing activities ca be solved by the manager but the
in house conflicts and the quality problems can be solved by a leader only. Sometimes a manger
needs to be good leader under the requirement of the circumstances (Kelly, 2006). That leader
needs to motivate and influence the sub ordinates to lift up their spirit and confidence to reach
the best standards to compete in the UK market of restaurants. So the manager have to have
excellent management skills and also should have strong leadership qualities to handle this
situation with the help of the Situational leadership theory and the Contingency theory of
leadership.
1.6 Assessment of different theories of leadership
There are so many different types of models and theories that needs to be understood by the
leader and the manger. They have to follow the theories in the different situations of their
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leadership and also they have to rely on their instincts too. But most popular theories are The
Situational Leadership Model and The Contingency Model of leadership. The situational
leadership theory states which decisions and leadership qualities needs to be taken in different
types of situations faced in the organization while working out any problem. So the leader or the
manger needs to be well capable of making the right decisions at the right situation in the
organization and take responsibility for that decision (Coombs, Hobbs and Jenkins, 2005). The
Contingency theory describes about the sacrifices of the managers or leaders needs to make in
their decisions and take up some other theories for the sake of the company and success of the
organization. It is very important for the manager or the leader to assess the situation and find out
the changes needed and lose his previous decision to make the needed one for the organization
and his fellow workers.
Task 2
2.1 Effective approaches to operations management by the manger and the leader
The Prezzo restaurant are going through some hard times due to the inefficiency of their
management. They need to hire some good management professionals and take up needed
approaches to increase the quality, efficiency and the responsiveness of the organization and firm
their sustainability in the competitive market standards. The manager needs to ensure the foods,
service and customer care of the best quality which can meet their expectations. They have been
pioneer in Italian foods in the UK market for a long time and now it is the time to raise the
standard to the next level which is so necessary (Giuliani and Kurson, 2002). They should
embrace some effective and fruitful approaches and strategies to reach these standards and keep
their employees motivated and enthusiastic.
Operations manager must be realistic
The operations manager needs to understand his employees and trust their skills to be strong and
effective manger. The management should treat the fellow staffs as valuable resources for the
organization. The communication between the manger and the employees must take place every
now and then in order to keep their relations good and they both need to understand their
responsibilities and liabilities towards the organizations and each other. The manger have to
ensure more productivity and revenue for the company so he have to make sure that the fellow
sub ordinates can understand the needs and the requirements of their manager and company.
Then they will feel the need and work to make the activities of best quality (Laudon and Laudon,
2004).
Operations manager needs efficiency
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The operations manager or the leader of The Prezzo restaurant needs efficiency in the workplace
and in the employees so they would always try to sort out the efficient staffs who can deliver up
to their expectations and requirements (Burns, 2008). That is why the employees needs to be
efficient at the task they are given to secure their jobs at the restaurant.
Managing proper resources
The management divides the activities to different personnel to reach the target at the earliest and
get the best product. While managing the distribution the management should keep in mind
which employee is good at doing the activities. Regarding on that the management needs to
distribute the works to the best personnel and for that the management needs to evaluate the
qualities and efficiency of the employees (Drucker, 2014). Not everybody is good at everything,
they are efficient in different fields so the management have to divide the works regarding that.
On the other hand the employees will be motivated and enthusiastic as they will be getting the
works they love to do that will result in a happy atmosphere amongst the employees and the
management.
Focusing upon the quality
The operations must focus on the performance of the staffs because the quality of the restaurant
must be of the highest quality. They have to keep in mind the customer satisfaction and the
loyalty of the restaurant to serve the best quality of food and services. The manager of the Prezzo
needs to focus on the quality enhancement of the restaurant at the same time to compete in the
highly competitive market in UK.
Leadership quality of the operations manager
The manager of the Prezzo must be supportive and stay as a director to the employees to extract
the best performance out of them. He or she have to encourage the employees to perform their
duties at the best way possible to keep the reputation of the company intact and enrich the quality
in the upcoming days (Horngren, 2008).
All the approaches are relevant and effective under the different circumstances of the
organization which is enough for the operations manager to encourage and motivate the
employees to give the best outputs at their work and deliver proper food and services to the
customers of The Prezzo restaurant (Daft and Lane, 2011). With the adoption of these effective
leadership theories the manger can ensure the increase in the number of customers and revenue
of the company by reaching the standards of the overall competitive market food and beverage
industry of United Kingdom.
2.2 Importance of operations management in reaching business objectives
It is of extremely important for the organizations to have proper operations management methods
and approaches that will drive them to the highest peak of success and sustainability in the entire
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business environment. In order to survive the competition in the London food industry, The
Prezzo restaurant must embrace effective operations and innovative thoughts so that success and
revenue can be achieved for the employees and the restaurant at the same time. They have to
make sure the taste, quality, hospitality and service of the restaurant have to be of the best quality
possible. They also have to make sure that their best staffs should be at the best jobs which will
make the customers feel more relaxed and comfortable. This responsibility should be performed
by the managers as well as the employees to reach the next peak of success and service for the
Prezzo. There is stiff competition in the Italian food market in the UK so The Prezzo have to
come up new and innovative ideas of food menu to attract new customers in the restaurant and
the operations management have to be up to the mark to lure the new customers. Although to
satisfy the customers, operations manager must recruit staffs therein are skilled and efficient
enough to deliver necessary services to the customers (Daft, 2007).
2.3 Factors within the business management that impacts upon operational management
There are so many factors in the business which have a direct effect on the management. Lots of
things depend on the operational management of the restaurant as this is the only decision
making body of the restaurant. So there are many factors which have great effects on the
decision making of the leaders and the managers in the operations management. The factors are:
 Changes in trends and habits of the customers
 Supply chains and production network
 Organizational structure and culture
 Available human resources
 Economic crisis
 Government policies
 Existing market competition
 New market entrants in the industry
2.4 Improvement in the efficiencies of the operations management
The management of the organization must be open and flexible to the new changes and ideas for
the organization which can lead them to success. That is why the management should be efficient
and productive and for that the management have to hire bunch of professionals to ensure the
best performances and results for the organization. By taking the leadership qualities of different
types the management should be effective enough for the managers to encourage the employees
and motivate them to deliver the best food, beverages and services to the customers. This
adoption of new ideas, theories will result in ensuring greater number of customers and
increment in revenue for the organization in the best possible way (Kotler, 2000).
2.5 Different factors affect in the business environment
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The factors have a huge effect on the business environment of the restaurants because they are
directly related to the customers. If the trend and the choice of the customers change that is very
harmful for the business because the restaurant needs to perform at per the market demand
immediately otherwise they will be outrun by the competitors (Sadler, 2003). On the other hand
if there is something wrong with the supply chain then they will not be able to deliver as per the
customer requirements which will hamper the business. Likewise all the other factors are also
important for business.
2.6 Evaluation of the operations management theories
All the above discussed theories are all made successful many organizations in the overall glove
so there will be no difference in case of the Prezzo. But reach the success the operations
management needs to understand the situations in the organizations carefully and take the
appropriate decisions based on that. They also have to keep in mind the sentiment of the
organization and their value ability in the firm (Osborne, 2008). They also have to satisfy the
customers and in order to do that the management needs to teach their employees the homeliness
of the service and quality.
Conclusion
Throughout the report, the concepts and the different types of leadership and the usefulness and
evaluation of the approaches has carried out on the aspect of a specific company. The overall
purpose of the report is satisfied as through the report, an understanding of the concepts of
leadership and management has explained and the overall scope of the organizational
improvement of management process that can achieved has been indirectly pointed out.
Therefore, the report succeeding the demonstrating the leadership style and their applicability in
the management approaches that can enhance the organization control and process much easier
and the direction of the work force much more precise.
Throughout the different tasks the general concept of the leadership And the types of the
leadership has been compared and pitted against the management styles of a particular
organization where the similarities and the differences between the workforce are evident. The
overall scope of the process of managing an organization much more actively and precisely has
explored throughout the report. Therefore, it is evident the report has been successful in
achieving the objective that is to address the higher management of the importance of the
leadership skills in the manager of the organizations in all levels.
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