Leadership, Management, and Organizational Development Report

This report delves into the crucial roles of leadership and management in organizational success, emphasizing the coordination of employees to achieve goals. It examines leadership styles, including autocratic and democratic approaches, and management practices like employee empowerment and reward systems, using Marks & Spencer as a case study. The report explores the development of policies and strategies to meet stakeholder interests within a dynamic environment, considering employees, consumers, and shareholders. Furthermore, it discusses organizational design, highlighting the importance of employee involvement and research-driven decision-making for sustained competitive advantage. The report concludes with a synthesis of key findings, underscoring the significance of effective leadership and management in fostering organizational growth and enhancement. The report also covers important concepts like classical management theory, contingency theory and the importance of stakeholder management. The report also highlights the importance of aligning strategies with stakeholder interests and adapting to changing environments.

Individual report

Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO3: Discuss leadership, management and development of people...........................................3
LO4: Discuss the development of appropriate policies and strategies within a changing
environment to meet stakeholder interests..................................................................................6
LO5: Discuss the design and development of organisations......................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERECES...................................................................................................................................9

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Leadership and management are two important terms that helps in organising works and
procedures with coordinating employees to gain desirable goals and objectives. To get success
organisation have to be develop some skills and capabilities that prove beneficial in
organisational growth and enhancement.
INTRODUCTION
Leadership and management are related to coordinate works and activities by distributing
tasks and responsibilities and give them motivation by views and opinions so that they can give
their best in organisational growth and enhancement. It is related to get people or manpower in
comprehend manner and management related to administering with the helps of make sure that
they reach at goals by coordinating day to day activities. This report is based on role and
importance of leadership, management and develop people by giving them potential knowledge
and skills. Further it includes role of rules and policies in dynamic environment to satisfy interest
of stakeholders to get desirable outcomes. In addition to it includes importance of appropriate
design and development of organisation. This report is based on Marks and spencer which is an
British multinational retailer organisation that specialise in selling clothes and home products
and food items to their consumer base that organisation is one of gigantic organisation and to get
success it chooses various leadership and management theories and practices to reach at
desirable outcomes.
LO3: Discuss leadership, management and development of people.
In an organisation leaders and managers plays very important role to coordinate and
manage various works and activities to reach at desirable outcomes (Avolio and Yammarino,

Eds., 2013..). Firstly leadership is both the research and practical skills that possess by an
individual or an organisation to lead or guide an individual or an group of individuals to reach at
desirable goals and objectives (Cherry and Jacob, 2016.). In context of Marks & spencer they
are very big player in market and use different strategies and tactics to lead in different market
and for consumers. The vision of leader consist of pay attention on what is very important for
organisation and what is important for organisational goals and objectives. The most important
vision is rooted in past and plan for future and deal in today scenario so that they can achieve
what they want to be. In context of M&S their leaders are very passionate and faithful to give
their best in organisational development. There are various leadership styles that brings harmony
in organisational goals and objectives that attain by M&S for effective accomplishment of goals
and objectives. There are various leadership styles that are as follows:
Autocratic leadership:
In autocratic leadership style which is based on the authority of an boss. In that leadership
style all decisions and effective implementation should be taken by consent of leaders and after
that their subordinates counsel with them (Dignam and et.al ., 2012.). After that process
decisions reach at final conclusion and communicate to their subordinates and then implement.
Democratic leadership:
In another leadership style that based on subordinates in which they also have right to
give their suggestions to their leader that how can they give their best in organisational growth
and enhancement. In case of M&S that leader take final decision but after taking suggestions
from their subordinates (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). So in scenario of M&S they adopt
democratic leadership style to reach at desirable goals and objectives. In order to achieve their
goals and objectives and attain desirable goals M&S use contingency theory which states about
there are different variable that helps in setting an specific style in leadership and that suited
according to situation. That theory state that no leadership style is perfect for all situation leader
have to change according to the different situations so that they reach at desirable outcomes
without any hindrances.
Management practices:
Management practices refers to various working methods and innovations that mangers
and leaders to enhance effectiveness in works and procedures. In majorly management practices
includes empowering staff members, train to staff members and introduce some schemes that

improve quality and introduce new technology and practices that proved helpful in accomplish
desirable goals and objectives.
There are various management practices that proved helpful in organisational goals and
objectives that are as follows:
Engage workers and empower them:
employees are very important assets of organisation that helps in attain their goals and
objectives by using their skills and capabilities. In case of M&S they give training and
development to their employees according to requirement of their organisation and implement
them so that employees can give their best in organisational development. To empower
employees M&S give time to time compensate, fairs and other facilitates that enhance their
morale level and they can happily give their best in development of organisation.
Reward effort:
In an organisation one of the most important factor to give motivation to their employees
base by giving them reward and compensation and other benefits so that they feel motivated to
given their best in organisational development (Hallinger and Bryant, 2013). In case of M&S to
maintain an positive work culture and for management practices they develop an strong reward
system that aspires others to give their best in organisational enhancement and individual also.
Some are important non financial benefits such as appreciation and promotions and other
benefits proved beneficial to build an positive image in marketplace.
In case of M&S it uses democratic style of leadership in which subordinates can give
their suggestions but ultimate decision taken by the higher authority (Maringe and Foskett eds.,
2012). To implement that theory they use strategies that are helpful in gain organisational goals
and objectives.
To manage various works and activities organisation have to adopt management practices and
theories that helps in set an standard to deliver best outcomes to consumer base. In case of M&S
to implement various management practices use classical management theory which states about
that organisation have to focus on operation's and create standards to give their best for both
employees and consumers. The leader and manager who uses classical management theory by
focusing on enhancing outputs and reward system by giving wages and bonuses to them.

LO4: Discuss the development of appropriate policies and strategies within a changing
environment to meet stakeholder interests.
To succeed in goals and objectives organisation have to organise their employees and
distribute their roles and responsibilities so that they can give their best in organisational
enhancement. In order to attain vision of leaders and managers they have to give important
information and knowledge about observing their potential skills set and capabilities so that they
can actively give their best in organisational enhancement. In stakeholders consist of employees,
consumers, government and competitors that majorly contributes in organisational development
and enhance their valuable outputs. In case of M&S to apply leadership styles and theories firstly
they observe the environment of organisation such as in that organisation environment is very
positive and they offer flexible working hours to them and provide various benefits such as
compensation, packages so that they remain always motivated and give their best in
organisational goals and objectives. To implement autocratic leadership style management take
care and give initiative to everyone to share their tasks and make comfortable so that they can
share their opinions and views and become major contributor for development of organisation
(McCaffery, 2018). In case of M&S it is one of largest retailer that develop various strategies
and tactics to build an positive atmosphere in organisation for that they know interest areas of
their consumers and accordingly build products and service and become one of leading
organisation in organisational development (Mládková, 2012). To lead in market organisation
have to take care about interest areas of employees, consumers and shareholders with
competitors that majorly contributes in organisational growth and enhancement. Before
implementing any kind of strategies and tactics they have to observe and take care about self
interest of an kind of stakeholders so that majorly contributes in organisation development and
self interest. M&S take care about that when shareholders invest money and other resources in
benefit for them in that case M&S have to make sure that they have to pay attention on their
returns so that they also get fruitful results out of them (Stacey, 2012). Rate of interest should be
appropriate that can enhance their motivation level by giving the best amount in which they can
give their best in organisational goals and objectives. In order to M&S to give best salary and
incentives they pay attention on their performance level and give some challenging tasks and
duties to judge their potential in working and giving their best in organisational development. By
adopting classical management theory they focus on managing operations of works and activities

to enhance their productivity level so that they can give their best in organisation growth and
enhancement. In case of M&S by adopting strategies and tactics focus on level of contribution
that each and every employee give in development of an organisation and adopt various quality
measures in which output should be well pro-fed and error free. For example when conflicts arise
in organisation M&S firstly know the reason behind that issue and factors that hinders self
interest of an organisation and then take suggestions from their personnel to solve that problem
in better way and after that they reach at final decision in which they get desirable outcomes.
LO5: Discuss the design and development of organisations.
Organisation to attain success and accomplishment, in order to they have to apply various
strategies, theories and practices to gain competitive advantage. In case of M&S to improve the
works and procedures of an organisation they apply democratic leadership style which states
about that subordinates give their suggestions in important decisions but ultimate decision
resides in hand of leaders which is an important decision to lead in market. Sometimes in an
organisation while implementing various strategies and tactics leaders and managers apply in
direct manner and it affects on motivation level of employees in giving their best in
organisational development (Renz, 2016). So in an organisation leaders and managers have to
implement various strategies and tactics after taking suggestions so that they feel motivated
enough that organisation care about them. Maintaining great presence and contribution of
employees in organisation is very important for organisational development and enhancement.
On other hand when an organisation implement various management practices and policies in
that case they have to firstly observe needs and wants of their employees because in M&S all
types of personnel and they have different kinds of requirements that organisation have to
observe that they want financial benefits and non financial benefits that have to be evaluated by
them (Rothaermel, 2015.). To reach at desirable goals and objectives organisation have to
conduct various types of research and data collection which can help in taking important
decisions and attain desirable goals. In case of right selection of strategies and implementation
by selecting best steps to apply these theories and practices are very important for organisational
goals and objectives. In order to apply various management strategies and tactics to gauge
attention of large no. of employees and it helps in enhance their productivity level of
organisation and it directly prove beneficial for organisational growth and enhancement.

CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that leadership is an important aspect in any
organisation to lead other people in giving their best in organisational growth and enhancement.
On other hand management are group of people that manage or coordinate every work and
activities by fining out key goals and objectives and it formulate roles and responsibilities so that
everyone can give their best in organisation enhancement.

REFERECES
Books and journals:
Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. Eds., 2013. Transformational and charismatic leadership: The
road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing.
Cherry, B. and Jacob, S.R., 2016. Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, & management.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
Dignam, D., and et.al ., 2012. Management and leadership in nursing: an Australian educational
perspective. Journal of nursing management. 20(1). pp.65-71.
Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper
Saddle River, NJ: pearson.
Hallinger, P. and Bryant, D., 2013. Mapping the terrain of educational leadership and
management in East Asia. Journal of Educational Administration. 51(5). pp.618-637.
Maringe, F. and Foskett, N. eds., 2012. Globalization and internationalization in higher
education: Theoretical, strategic and management perspectives. A&C Black.
McCaffery, P., 2018. The higher education manager's handbook: effective leadership and
management in universities and colleges. Routledge.
Mládková, L., 2012. Leadership in management of knowledge workers. Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences. 41. pp.243-250.
Renz, D.O., 2016. The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John
Wiley & Sons.
Rothaermel, F.T., 2015. Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education.
Stacey, R., 2012. Tools and techniques of leadership and management: Meeting the challenge of
complexity. Routledge.
Thorpe, R., 2016. Gower handbook of leadership and management development. CRC Press.
Vaccaro, I.G., and et.al ., 2012. Management innovation and leadership: The moderating role of
organizational size. Journal of management studies. 49(1). pp.28-51.