Leadership and Management: Theories, Practices, and NHS Program

This essay delves into the critical concepts of leadership and management, examining their distinct roles and significance within organizations. It begins by differentiating between leadership, which focuses on influencing and guiding individuals, and management, which emphasizes processes and achieving organizational objectives. The essay explores the ongoing debate between these two aspects, highlighting how both influence leadership development programs. It then discusses various leadership theories, including contingency and transformational leadership, and their impact on management practices. The essay also provides an overview of leadership theories, highlighting their importance in enhancing the skills and competencies of managers. It further analyzes the similarities and differences between leadership and management, emphasizing the importance of both for organizational success. The essay also examines two key leadership theories: contingency theory and transformational leadership, providing insights into their application and effectiveness. Finally, it touches upon the NHS leadership program. Overall, the essay offers a comprehensive understanding of leadership and management, offering insights into effective leadership strategies and their impact on organizational success.

RUNNING HEAD: LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT 0
2020
Leadership and Management
Student’s Details-

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT 1
Introduction
Leadership and management are two different aspects which play a vital role into the
organization. Leadership is related with action of the leaders to persuade a group of people or
individual to act in a certain way (Aarons, et al., 2015). This is related with the qualities and
abilities of the leaders to make the employees to act in a particular way and provide guidance and
support for being focused on the end goal. This is different from the management as this focuses
upon the making the processes and the way managers use their skills and capability for getting
the work done through the people and also making due efforts for achieving the objectives of the
organization.
There is an ongoing debate about the leadership and management. Both have a vital role into the
organization and also influences the creation of the leadership program into the organization.
Moreover, the theory of leadership can influence the leadership development program which
adds to the skills and competencies of the managers and leads to the attainment of the end goal of
the organization (Ebrahimi Mehrabani & Azmi Mohamad, 2015). The academic theories of the
leadership declare the certain ways and the behavior of the leaders which defines the style of
leadership which will influence the leadership development program. Further, the leadership
development program increases the efficiency of the managers which is influenced by the
academic leadership theories which define the ways of dealing with the people and guiding them
in their journey (Armstrong, 2012). Here, the essay has discussed the theories of leadership
which explains the various way of leading a group of people and also defines the leadership
approaches which are to be used different situations. Also, the leadership program from NHS
leadership is also been also explained.
Leadership and Management Theories
The concept of leadership and management are the practices which are vital for the
organizational success. Also, this requires the organization to improve the leadership and
management through the use of the training development program. These programs will facilitate
the gaining of the certain skill and knowledge which can be successfully applied to different
departments and various areas of the organization (Allen, 2018). There are various theories of
leadership and management which are needed to be understood for the gaining of the insights of
improving the motivation and improving the performance. This can be helpful in the application

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT 2
of the relevant skills and abilities which can be applicable for making the effectiveness of the
team and making the management practices. Use of the theories will determine the skills and
abilities which will be used positively into the organization for driving the success of the
organization.
Leadership is the skills and the ability in the person which guides and leads the other people
through their actions. Leadership motivates the other employees in the group and helps in
achieving the goals to the company and also gives the direction to the people so that they can
work in the right manner. Leader is the one who possess some skills like they have the good
personality, good communication skills, motivation ability, to influence the other people and also
gives the direction achieve the goals in the company (Bloechl, et al., 2017). A good leader is the
one which has the certain qualities like confidence, honesty and integrity, good communication
skills, decision making capabilities, inspiring others, delegation and empowerment, etc.
Management is the process through which the objectives are achieved in the organization by
organizing and coordinating the different activities in the company. There are the certain
functions which are performed in the management such as planning, organizing, directing and
controlling the things so that the objectives in the company can be attained. Management in the
organization means the development of the certain things like technological resources, human
resources, financial resources, natural resources, etc.
Similarities between leadership and management
There are the certain things which are common in the leadership and the management such as
they both for the achievement of the goals in the company. They both give the direction for the
success of the company. They both accomplish the goals in the organization by motivating the
other people and also figure out the directions which are best for the company. they both have
the mobilize resources but they know better how to manage them effectively and bring out the
best results from them (Liphadzi, et al., 2017). The attributes of the leader and the management
is almost same such as motivating others, focused on the vision and have the good personalities
and skills. The manager organizes the staffs and employees whereas the leader is the one who
align with the people. They both create te good functional structure and are the foundation of the
organization.

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Difference between leadership and management
Leadership Management
Leaders are the one in the company who sets
the vision and direction for the employees so
that goals can be accomplished.
The management is one who understands the
visions and goals and performs their functions
to attain the goals.
Leader is the one who accomplish the teams
and assign the duties and responsibilities to
everyone as per their skills and knowledge
(McCleskey, 2014).
In management the project is completed by
creating and prioritizing the different task.
Leaders know the skills of every team
members so adjudicating the roles as per their
abilities only.
Management is one who assigns the task to
complete the project to the particular team.
Leaders are the one who are inspiring and
make the effective decisions in the company
at the complex decisions only.
Management is the one who review the work
done by the team members and check put
whether the output and quality of the work is
effective or not.
There are the certain functions which are
performed by the leaders such as they have
the vision, they think innovative and creative,
they have sought responsibility towards the
team and the company, they achieve the goals
by making the effective decisions in the goals
(Aga, et al., 2016).
There are the certain functions which are
performed by the manger such as they
organize the things makes the plan, coordinate
with the employees, minimizes the risk, sets
the goals and also delicately works towards
the goals of the company.
Leader is narrow term which can also be
performing in the informal group.
Management is the wider term which fits
better in the organizational structure.
The authority of the leader is earned by him
by having certain abilities, skills and
knowledge and even they have the good
virtue.
The authority of the manager is delegated to
them by the top authorities or the board of the
director of the company (Bloechl, et al.,
2017).

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT 4
Two leadership theories
There are the certain leadership theories which are used by the organization so that they can
properly understand the role of the leader and define them in the effective way. there are the
certain leadership theories such as trait theory, contingency theory, behavioral theory, trait
theory, transformational theory, transactional theory, charismatic leadership theory, etc. All the
theories have their own benefit which helps in addressing the leadership model. The major
purpose of these leadership theories is to emphasize on the ability of the individual so that they
can attain the goals and the objectives of the company by evaluating their abilities (Liphadzi, et
al., 2017). Further, the leadership development program increases the efficiency of the managers
which is influenced by the academic leadership theories which define the ways of dealing with
the people and guiding them in their journey. Leadership theories help in evaluating the skills
and abilities which will be used positively into the organization for driving the success of the
organization. Two leadership theories are stated below:
Contingency Theory
In this theory of the leadership, the leader leads the company by matching his leadership styles
with the situations. As per the internal and the external situation of the company, the course of
action is contingent so the leader should evaluate what kind of the leadership style they should
obtain which can be thrive better in the situation. As per the contingency leadership theory the
person should have the different abilities and the skills so that they can perform better and can
respond to the different situation and fields (Lord, et al., 2017).
The business environment has become very dynamic so in that situation a good leadership theory
is the contingency theory as it helps in responding to the dynamic changes with the relevant
skills and knowledge. As per this theory the leaders are successful when he does not have the
good abilities and skills but when he has the good working environment, effective corporate
culture and the employees which support them in the process of the leadership (Kulkarni, 2017).
The success of the leaders as per this theory is dependent upon the contingent on his roles. There
are number of sub theories in the contingency theory such as follows:
Fiedler’s Contingency Theory
The main idea of this leadership theory is that this style of leadership focuses on the control over
the situation made by the leader instead of the effective style of the leader. As per this theory, the

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT 5
leader can be successful when he makes the strong member relationship with the others and
clearly outlines the goals by the present tasks (Fiedler, et al., 2015). The main trait of this theory
is that it focuses on the disposition of the leader and defines the ability to lead.
Decision-Making Theory
This theory is the mode of the leadership which serves the idea that the effective leader in the
company is made up the situation and support the group by adjusting the style of the leadership
which fits to them. There are the several decisions which the leaders have to made as per the
situations and by considering the internal and the external environment of the company.
Transformational Leadership
This is one of the most effective leadership styles which every organization should adopt to
attain the success. In this leadership style, the work has been done by the leader in the teams and
helps in evaluating the changes needed in the company so that effective functioning in the
company can be done. The leaders inspire the other people and guide for the change so that goals
can be attained by creating the clear vision. It is the model for of the leadership which is creating
change in the social system and the individuals of the company so that values can be created
through the positive change (Shao, et al., 2016).
There are the certain characteristics which the transformational leader has such as they have the
ability to do the self-management, make the certain changes in the organization by taking the
risk, also take the difficult decisions in the company, etc. they have the ability to ascertain the
new ideas and also adopt the changes in the organization frequently. They share the collective
organizational and use the trends like inspiration, rapport and also engage with the followers
(Afsar & Umrani, 2019).
They are the leader which also does many sacrifices for the greater good of the company. They
work in the team which possesses the confidence, courage, honesty and good relationship with
each other (McCleskey, 2014). This leadership is very much effective for the company as it
helps in transforming the individuals of the group into the single person so that they can evaluate
their self-interest and develops the same values and principles which the leader nurtures.
The main goals of the transformational leader are that it helps in collaborating with the team and
the other staffs and support the cultural changes by using the bureaucratic mechanism. This

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT 6
leadership style not only develops the norms, values and the beliefs for the company but also
share the delegating power (Antonakis and House, 2014). It helps in communicating with the
group members effectively and also reduces the isolation of the people in the group.
Leadership Development Program
There is huge importance of leaderships training and development into the organization as it
develops the skill and competencies of the leader which are required for becoming an effective
leader and also allowing the organization to make the changes. Moreover, this enhances the skills
and abilities of the leaders by making them more competent which can create competitive
advantages for the organization (Pradarelli, et al., 2016). This leadership development is can be
beneficial for the organization as it leads to improved decision making within the workplace.
Also, this helps the leaders to guide and communicate with other team members within the
organization which leads to the efficiency of the team performance. Leadership training and
development help in the creation of the empowered and skilled leaders. This includes the
teaching and the measurement of the managerial skills which include the planning, budgeting
and the process systems which can later make the operations effective. This is all possible
through the effectiveness of the leadership training and development.
It can also be observed that leadership training and development can lead to the improvements in
the skills and abilities of the leaders which can also drive innovation within the organization. The
effective and skilled leaders bring transformations into the organizations and make the
innovation and successful changes within the company. The leaders focus on the inspiring of the
people within the organization (Clarke & Higgs, 2016). Meanwhile, effective and skilled leaders
also act as the mentors or coaches and manage the internal talent of the company. This helps in
giving direction to the external partners of the organization. The training programs provide the
leadership qualities which are later used for the fostering of the innovation and creating a climate
of trusts and motivation. The leadership development leads to the better financial performances
by investing in several aspects of the bottom lines which leads to the productivity of the
organization. This helps the ability of the leader to motivate the employees and inspire the
customer-facing teams (Sonnino, 2016). Later this training can be beneficial for bringing a
positive change and inspire the teams which can add value to the business goals.

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT 7
Further leadership development programs especially designed for the managers and leaders that
influence communication, thinking and systematic actions of the leaders which can be possible
through the self-awareness and resiliency which leads to the increased productivity of the
company. NHS leadership academy offers the leadership development program for all of the
people from different backgrounds and can get the experience across the health and care. The
leadership model in healthcare which is offered by the NHS academy provides the opportunity
for the leaders to become effective through improving the skills who work in healthcare. This
provides the ways leader work on the daily basis and organizing of that work which can lead to
the development of the skills for the leader (NHS England, 2018). This skill enhancement can
lead to the facilitation of the sustainable health services as the leadership is treated as the
influential factor which shapes the organizational culture. NHS ensures that the leaders are
knowledgeable and make the learning culture good for the organizations which can make the
quality interactions between the staff members.
The selected leadership program is ‘Aspiring Chief Executive Program’ as there is an important
role of the CEO into the organization. NHS ensures the effective role of chief executive in
healthcare in which the program enables the chief executive to evolve when the system changes.
There is a collaboration between the NHS Leadership Academy and the NHS providers which
forms the fully forms strategic responses for the development and deployment of the successful
leaders. The academy provides the exceptional and the challenging program which lasts for 12-
24 months prepares the future leaders (NHS, 2020). Also, at the end of the program every
participant is awarded with the NHS Leadership Academy Chief Executive Award. The program
aims at increasing the efficiency of the leaders to work in the integrated economy. This helps in
discovering of the right attitude and behavior to make the effective contribution in the building
up of sustainable model of care. The program requires support and commitment from the leaders
and the academy does not guarantee the chief executive post at the end of the program but
provides certain benefits to the executives.
The benefit of the program includes the building up of the professional networks with the
colleagues who are there in the program’s alumni or cohort. The aspiring chief executives get the
opportunity to receive the talent management support which can enhance the ability of the
leaders to make the patient-centered care and make the engagements with the patients, service

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT 8
users and families from different backgrounds. The chief executives will be able to contribute to
the system leadership and build the effective partnerships and the local systems in the light of
national trends policy. Also, the program helps the leader to build the effective organizational
culture and get the insights of the demand of executives which can help the executive to develop
the effective development of strategy. Also, this can lead to the effectiveness of the team
performance (Anak Agung Ngurah & Sunday, 2018). This also gives the understanding of the
legal guidance and the maintaining of the corporate governance.
The eligibility criteria for Aspiring Chief Executive Program suggest that the senior managers
which are concerned to be NHS executives from the provider trusts who have responsibility for
achieving a significant collaboration. Moreover, the academy welcomes the people who want to
demonstrate their skills and the experiences which can lead to credible candidates for the leading
organization. Also, the individuals who are aspiring for the chief executive level in 12-24 months
(NHS Improvement, 2017). Further, program structure is the delivery of mirror of the chief
executive program. The program will assess the ability of the chief executive to make the right
fit for the role and making the managers capable for the future positions. Also, this promotes the
fluency of the managers in the decision-making, strategy formulation, policy making,
governance and shaping of the organizational culture and building up of the system which
includes the certain leadership aspects (Beerel, 2009)The programs focus upon the chief
executive role within the national and international level in which the quality of the patient care
and the staff engagement.
Further the training methods used under the program were highly based the core capability of the
chief executives. The methods are used for increasing the efficiency of the organizational
members which could lead them to the earning of the reputative position at the marketplace.
Also, the program is made to facilitate the training for becoming the renowned leader which
demands the knowledge of the compliances, policy framework, strategy development and the
shaping of the organizational culture through the skills and the abilities. This can be helpful for
the facilitation of the quality of healthcare service (NHS Improvement, 2017). Moreover, the
program is concerned to be challenging which requires the support from the sponsored or the
trust organization. The training also emphasizes upon the development of the skills across the
health system which leads to the development of the leadership skills which can lead to the

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT 9
development of leadership and the initiatives which can lead to the development of the
leadership capability. Also, the design of the program is underpinned by the healthcare system.
There are certain benefits of this leadership program for the individual and the organization. This
helps the individual to get the awareness about the leadership approaches and ensure that the
values and beliefs are shaped for the personal development of the leader. The individual gets the
opportunity for the development of the professional networks with the colleagues. Also, the
individual gets the opportunity to deal with patients to improve the competencies which allows
the leader to make the effective health system (Hart, 2019). The program enables the leaders to
create a critical self-awareness approach which can lead to the opportunity for the leader for
making personal development and which can also lead to the defining of the behavior. Moreover,
the leaders can make the approach to the leadership through the defining of the attitude, behavior
and the ability of the leader to make the approaches for change.
The benefits of the leadership program can also be explained from the organization. The
leaderships skills gained from the program can be used for the development of the strategy and
getting the insights of the statutory framework and system operations of the organization. The
program helps in the development of the skills and abilities of the business which can lead to the
ability of the chief executive to manage the team and also helping the organization for increasing
the reputation of the organization (NHS England, 2018). Further the program can be helpful for
the leaders to find out the challenges and making approaches for the diversity and making the
different approaches of the leaders towards the biases and the attitude which can certainly lead to
the changed behavior. Moreover, the program is helpful in the tendency of the leaders about the
building up of the productive and the inclusive work culture for all the staff members
irrespective of their background.
Conclusion
To conclude, it can be said that leadership and management are crucial part of the organization
as this can directly lead to the long-term success of the company. Also, this requires the concept
of understanding of the leaders and managers as both are different but serve the same objective
of the company which is to make the business profitable. Further, this can be understood by the
leadership theories which define the skills and competencies which are required for the managers
and the leaders. Here, essay is based on the findings related to the leadership and management

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT 10
which explains the definition of the leadership and development and also similarities and
differences in the leaders and managers and also the application of the theories of leadership for
finding out the skills and abilities of the leaders. Also, the essay has discussed the leadership
program for the leadership development and prompting the benefits to the organization and the
individual leader. The findings suggest that the Aspirant Chief Executive program can create the
leadership approach and make the leadership effective. This program can help the leader to get
the insights of the leadership approaches and which can help the organization to reshape the
organizational culture.

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT 11
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