NVQ5 Assignment: Leadership and Management in Health and Social Care

This report provides a comprehensive overview of leadership and management principles, particularly within the context of health and social care. It begins by exploring various leadership and management theories, including behavioral, situational, administrative, and systems theories. The report then delves into the practical application of these theories within a nursing home setting, emphasizing the importance of adapting leadership styles and management strategies to meet the needs of elderly residents. Furthermore, it examines the influence of values and culture on leadership and management practices, highlighting the interdependencies between leadership and management, and potential conflicts arising from the application of different models. The report also outlines procedures to address such conflicts, and discusses the skills required for effective leadership and management in health and social care. Finally, it analyzes factors affecting policy drivers and emerging trends impacting management and leadership in the field, offering insights into the evolving landscape of healthcare management.

NVQ5

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
1.1 Theories of leadership and management...............................................................................3
1.2 Theoretical models of management and leadership are applied in business.........................4
1.3 Values and culture influences the application of the management and leadership...............4
2.1 Interdependencies between leadership and management......................................................5
2.2 Conflicts between the application of the leadership and management models.....................6
2.3 Procedure to address the conflict between the leadership and management models............7
3.1 Skills required to be effective leader and manager...............................................................7
3.2 Manager requiring both management and leadership skills for managing health and social
care..............................................................................................................................................8
3.3 Analysing ways in which leadership can influence value of organization...........................9
3.4 Reason behind why leadership style needs to be adapted to manage different situations. .10
4.1 Factors affecting policy drivers...........................................................................................10
4.2 Emerging theme and trend which impact management and leadership in health and social
care............................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Leadership plays the active role in the business and thus they also carry major duties
regarding protecting and securing the right of the person in the premises. As people want care
and support if they are suffering with any of the diseases even if they are children or elderly
people (Beck and et.al., 2017). The happiness which they get is not through earning money or
spending money on but to get support from their friends or family members if they are facing
any conflict in managing their life. In this report, the role of nurse is undertaken which is
responsible to manage the elderly people in the nursing home. Thus, in this report, it covers
various matter such as examining the theories of the leadership and management and also how
such models are applied in various situation.
1.1 Theories of leadership and management
Leaders play the role in respect of taking the action which helps employees to wok in
right direction. Thus, leadership refers to equipping other to work in the set direction which helps
other to maximize the growth in the business. It carries various theories of the leadership such as: Behavioural theories: In this theory, the behaviour of the leaders is determined through
interpreting the particular matters to gain longer term gain. It carried two types, firstly
autocratic leadership in which the leader takes the decision without consulting to their
team member (McCormack and McCance, 2016). In these aspects, the conflict raised
regarding not sharing the information with each other which results in not building the
strong team. Secondary, it is related to the Democratic theory in which the leaders before
taking any decisions, ask every team member about their suggestion to choose the
particular thing. Through this manner, it helps in gaining the interest of team towards the
business.
 Situational theory: In this theory, leader had to work according to the situation and thus
they had to take the steps through the variation in the situation. This theory is useful in
respect of adapting the new changes which is emerging in environment in better way. As
through this manner they make changes in their running strategies and adapt innovative
way to bring innovation at work place (Crosbie and et.al., 2019). Employees are also
motivated to attain such task in right way.

In case of management theories, this is mainly adapted in case of making changes in the
management working through achieving the organization objectives at larger scale. The theories
of management are stated as: Administrative management theory by Henri Fayol: In this theory, it mainly carries five
elements such as controlling, managing, coordinating, organizing and planning the
overall activity to gain longer terms profits (Stanley, 2016). In this theory, the powers are
given in respect of formalized administrative department, day to day management of the
labour working and also delegating the power to take right decisions.
 System Theory: In this theory, every person had to work in the system which is guided by
the owner to follow the accurate instruction. Through this manner, it results in working as
per the set instruction and also avoid confusion and disparities at work place.
1.2 Theoretical models of management and leadership are applied in business.
By applying the theories of the leadership in the nursing home, it is stated that situational
theory is the best theory which is applied on the elderly people to maintain their interest in the
nursing home. As the mood the elderly people are fluctuated depending upon the situation and
thus they can demand anything at any time. In such manner, the leader had to work as per the
situation which is raised at work place (Ellis, 2018). For e.g. in case of elderly people demanded
to move outside the nursing home, then leaders had to changes their normal routine in respect of
fulfilling the demand of the people.
In respect of management theory, system theory is the best way to manage the people in
right way. As every nursing home had to work under the particular system so that they manage
the interest of the people and also the reputation of the nursing home in better way (Killett and
et.al., 2016). Thus, systems is to be followed in respect of not allowing any of the person once
the set time for meeting is over. Through this manner they are following the ethics and
maintaining standards in better way.
1.3 Values and culture influences the application of the management and leadership
In the nursing home, the ethics and culture influence the working of the leaders and
management at larger manner. Leaders role is to nursing home is to manage the culture and
values of the elderly people in respect of setting a common objective which every person had to
follow. In context of organization, every person is from different culture and carry their own
values regarding dealing in particular things. Thus, in such perspective, the role of leader had to

appreciate their values and then set the standards which not affects their right in any manner
(Van Puyvelde and et.al., 2016). In case of applying the theory of the situational leadership, the
leaders had to change their way of the treating the elderly people and also had to set their policies
and strategies by keeping in mind the values and culture of the people.
In case of management, the values and culture influence the strategies of the management
which they are using in form of system management theory. As elderly people belong to
different culture or values and thus they undertake the activities in different way. Usually in most
of the situation the conflict raised regarding not carrying similar thoughts and ideas on particular
segments (Goodman and et.al., 2017). Thus, through this manner the impact raised regarding
changing the system theory in which they had to make changes as per the needs and demands of
the people. As it is necessary for the elderly age people to retain their interest in nursing home.
Thus, to make the strategies which is suitable to them helps in maintaining their interest in longer
way.
2.1 Interdependencies between leadership and management
In any organization, it is necessary that there must be management and leaders who carry
the right to manage the business activities in right manner. In respect of the work
interdependencies means both are depended upon each other or with both mutual works, the task
is to be accomplished easily. The role of management is to be organized, identify, plan and
control the overall business activities to sustaining the business in market for longer way.
Similarly, in case of leadership, their role is to direct the functioning which is guided by the
management (Cable and Graham, 2018). As they both perform different task in business, usually
in case of guiding the employees, it is mainly undertaken by the leaders. They play the vital role
in the organization such as listening to the needs of the employees, taking strict action in case of
violation committed by any of the employees or motivating employees to work as team.
Manager guides the leader to work in the set direction and leaders in return set the
policies to their employees to work according to that directions. Through this manner, the
organization mainly differentiate the duties of the managers and leaders, so that they maintain
the hierarchy structure in the business (Belrhiti, Giralt and Marchal, 2018). The
interdependencies in this case arises through setting the appropriate goal by the manager and
instruct the leaders to motivate their team to achieve such goal within the set time period. As the

similarity between the management and leadership is that they both work for the same vision i.e.
for the company growth.
The major differences which is identified in such perspective is relating to the leaders
sometime takes such decision which is not mentioned in the company policies but through this
manner, they retain the interest of the employees at work place. But manger cannot work against
the policies of the company even if there are chances of suffering losses to the business.
2.2 Conflicts between the application of the leadership and management models
In respect of identifying the conflict between the leadership and management models, it is
stated that the conflict arises in respect of not taking care of the employees’ interest at the work
place. It is necessary in the business that the employees’ interest must be retained so that they
can increase the productivity through providing the quality products or services.
In case of conflict raised by leaders in nursing home, in context of managing the elderly
people are that if they are not working as per the set guidance which is instructed to them (Bunn
and et.al., 2020). For e.g. if the elderly people are suffering from any infection, and they are
strictly guided not to move out from house, thus in such case the conflict is raised regarding
stopping them to not do as per their own willingness to do such things. This is one way through
which the conflict is raised in respect of following the leader’s rules and regulation.
In context of management, the conflict is raised through setting the specific strategy
which is imposed upon the person even if they are not carrying any such interest to accomplish
such task. In respect of system management theory, the conflict is raised regarding working
under the set norms and in case of any changes in working criteria, it feels difficult to adapt such
changes in their existing working style. In context of the nursing home, the management set
some system regarding the elderly people working and the strategy which they had to attain in
the whole day (Ellis and Abbott, 2020). In such manner, the conflict is raised regarding not
working for the whole day with the same scheduling. As the people demand variation in their
system which helps them in adapting new things in their life.
In case of both, leadership and management, the conflict is raised in respect of situation
leadership theory as in this both had different perspective of attaining the task, manager take
such decision and instruct leader to work as per the set instruction. But leaders had to keep in
mind, the stability of the employees and also motivate them to bring changes in their working
style. Thus, in such aspects the conflict raised for the leaders regarding managing the interest of

employees and also work as per the set instruction which is guided by the manager regarding
attaining such task.
2.3 Procedure to address the conflict between the leadership and management models
In perspective of leadership, the conflict can be addressed through firstly identifying the
reason behind arising the conflict. As usually, it is not necessary that the conflict must be
resolved, firstly it must be identified that what are the reason behind the conflict arises and also
what things not work properly, which results in facing conflict. After verifying all such matters,
the second stage is resulting to the understanding the situation before giving any judgement or
taking decision which is fair for the persons. In this case, the parties must be given reasonable
opportunity of presenting their views and after that, the judgement is given to resolve the
conflict.
In case of addressing the conflict between the manager and leaders, they both are
equivalent and had to work simultaneously and through their instruction, company can achieve
the goal in better way. In case of facing any conflict regarding not conveying any of the decision
or not coordinating properly, in such case they both take the decision by judging each other
reviews and also make the strategies which helps business to sustain for longer time period. In
this case, the demands of the elder people is different, but they cannot go against the policies of
the company regarding managing them, as per the set norms which is imposed by the
government (Waterson, 2018). Thus, in such manner to address the conflict between the leaders
and manager can be undertaken through working as per the norms which is fit for the elder
people. This resulting in getting more improvement in their health and also bring chances in their
lifestyle.
3.1 Skills required to be effective leader and manager
Both leader and manager are necessary to be there in a nursing care home because the
patients’ needs to be handled properly. This is majorly because of the reason that managing the
patients in proper manner is very necessary because they came for treatment and if the
management of nursing home is not good then patients will not be comfortable (Cherry and
Jacob, 2016). Thus, for the leader and manager of nursing home it is necessary to possess some
skills to manage the care home in proper manner.
Skills of leaders- The leader need to be very sensible and intelligent in managing the
people within the care home. This is because of the fact that if the patients will not be satisfied

with the services. Thus, for this the leader need to have effective leadership skills. The skill
which are necessarily to be possessed by the leader of care home are as follows-
Integrity- This is the major skill which need to be possessed by the leader of care home.
Integrity is the major skill which need to be possessed by leader because if they will not be
ethical and correct in their practices then the patients will not be happy.
Critical thinking- The leader needs to have critical and logical thinking because they
work in direction of protecting and taking care of the patients. Thus, they need to have critical
thinking as what is correct for the patients and what is not (Gopee and Galloway, 2017).
Communication skill- This is the most important skill which need to inherited by the
leader of a nursing home because without communication no person can work. Thus, for
effective working of the nursing home it is essential for the leader to have good and clear
communication.
Skill of a manager- The manager is the person who is responsible for the management of
the whole nursing home and social care. These are the person who actually runs the nursing
home in successful manner. Thus, it is very important for them to have good and effective skills
which are discussed as follows-
Proper knowledge- This is the first and foremost thing which need to be inherited in the
manager of nursing home (Weiss, Tappen and Grimley, 2019). This is majorly because of the
reason that if the manager not have complete knowledge of caring of patient then they are not
effective managers.
Relationship building- This is a necessary skill for care home manager because they
interact with the patients and if they are not good in building relation then patients will not be
comfortable with them (Giddens, 2017).
Interpersonal and communication skill- These are the most important skill to be
inherited among the manager of nursing care home. This is majorly pertaining to the fact that if
they will not have good interpersonal skill and communication then they will not be able to
interact with the patients in proper manner.
3.2 Manager requiring both management and leadership skills for managing health and social
care
For the effective working of the nursing and care home it is very necessary for the person
to possess both leadership and management skills. The major reason underlying this fact is that

the proper leadership and management skill assist the person in managing the care home in
proper and effective manner. Hence, it is inferred that for person it is necessary to possess the
good leadership and management skills. This is necessary for the effective delivery of good
health care services to the person requiring it.
The nursing care home deals with taking care of people who are having some disease or
are suffering from some trauma or grief (Brown, 2018). Thus, for their good and effective care it
is necessary that the people within care home have good leadership and management skills. The
leadership skills are important because it help the leader in strategizing for the vision and
mission of the care home. Leadership help in setting up of goals and objectives for the
employees within the care home setting. The leader is the person who decides for the direction in
which the care home needs to go and work.
Thus, the leadership is very necessary for the leader to have goof leading skills so that
they can lead the care home in effective manner. In the same way the management skills must
also be good in the employees. This is majorly because of the reason that managers are the
employees who are responsible for making the work in actual. It means that manager is
responsible to bring into action what the leader is thinking and what goals they have established
(Pihlainen, Kivinen and Lammintakanen, 2016). The major success of care home is dependent on
the employees of the care home only and they will work only if the manager will manage their
work in proper manner. Thus, for the effective working of the care home it is very necessary to
possess both management and leading skills.
3.3 Analysing ways in which leadership can influence value of organization
There are many different leadership skills required to be possessed by the leader of care
home. This is majorly because of the reason that if the leader will not be good then the working
will not be in the intended manner (Huber, 2017). The leader influences the organizational values
like honesty, ethics, respect, moral working and others to a great extent. This is majorly because
of the reason that leaders are responsible for outlining the goals and mission of the company.
Thus, they value of care home is decided by the leader only. Now if the leader will not be
effective and good and then the values of organization will not be achieved. like for instance, if
the leader is not ethical in its working and uses fraudulent practices then the value of
organization that is care home is not accomplished. This is majorly because of the reason that the
patients will not like to come to such place where wrong and fraudulent practices are followed.

3.4 Reason behind why leadership style needs to be adapted to manage different situations
In the business environment there are many changes taking place very frequently and all
the changes affect the operation of nursing care home to some extent. Thus, it is very necessary
for the leader to use effective leadership styles in order to manage all the changes taking place
within business environment. Also, there are many different types of threats and opportunities
present within the environment and this may or may not be helpful for the care home (Johnson
and Smith, 2018). Thus, this is the responsibility of the leader of care home that whether they
have to adapt to the relevant changes or not.
Hence, for this it is very necessary for the leader of care home to effectively take care of
all the changes taking place within the business environment. Thus, for this it is very necessary
for the leader to use the situational leadership style in order to manage the care home. This is
necessary because of the reason that every situation is different form one another and the
decision also depends on the prevailing condition or situation. Thus, the situational leadership
style will assist the leader of care home in managing every situation in proper and correct
manner. This is done so that every patient is comfortable within the care home.
4.1 Factors affecting policy drivers
Policy drivers are the factors and objectives which are considered at time of taking any
decision for the betterment of the care home (Murray, 2017). There are many different types of
factors which impact the policy makers at time of making different types of policies. These
factors are important to be considered because of the reason that if the factors will not be
considered then the people will be affected by it and this will not satisfy the patients coming to
the care home. Thus, it is the duty of manager and leader to take into consideration all the factors
which are impacting the policies of the care home (Cope and Murray, 2017). The factors impact
the policy making and drivers of policy within health care setting are discussed as follows-
Social and economic environment- This is the major factor because of the fact that if the
social and economic environment is not considered at time of policy making then the policies
will not be effective. This is majorly because of the reason that if the person is of different social
culture and the service being provided to the patient is of different culture then the patient will
not be comfortable with those services.
Feedback- This is also an important factor which influences the policy drivers because
the feedback of patients helps care home in assessing and finding the different areas in which

they lack. Thus, this feedback will assist the care home in developing policy in the way the
patients requires.
4.2 Emerging theme and trend which impact management and leadership in health and social
care
There are many recent changes and trends which impacts the management and leadership
within the health and social care setup. It is necessary for the care home to adapt to these latest
trends and themes going on within the business environment (Stolt, Charalambous and Suhonen,
2018). Thus, the latest trend going on in the business environment are as follows-
Quality of care- This is the most important trend which needs to be taken care by the
health care setup. This is majorly because of the reason that if the care quality is not good then
the patients will not be happy with the services of the care home. Thus, this needs to be taken
care by the care home so that they maintain the high quality of care and the patients are happy
and satisfied.
Older people and complex care- This is very another trend which needs to be followed
by the care home for effective and successful working. This is very important trend to be
considered by the care home as the older people requires a special treatment and care and if the
scare home does not provide this facility then it will not be much liked by the patients and they
will not come frequently (Huotari, 2018).
Complying with all act- This is another trend which need to be followed effectively by
the care home. This is majorly because of the reason that if the care home will comply with all
the rules and regulations and all laws. This is necessary because of the reason that if care home
complies with all the laws then this will build trust of patients for the care home. Thus, this will
make the patients feel comfortable in getting treatment with the care home.
CONCLUSION
Leadership and management are very important and crucial in order to manage any type
of business. This is majorly because of the reason that if there will not be effective leadership
and management then this will impact over the efficiency and effectiveness of the company.
Leader is a person who is responsible for formulating the objective of business and formulating a
road map which the employees need to follow. On the other hand, manager is the one which is
responsible for the managing and delegating the work to the employees so that they can assist in
attaining the objectives set by leader.

The current study highlighted the role of nurse in effectively leading and managing the
care home setup. This also discussed about the different theories and models of leadership and
management for the effective running of health and care home. In addition to these various skills
required by the leader and manager in effectively managing the care home was discussed and
analysed. In the end the different trends and themes affecting the management and leadership of
health and social care was highlighted.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Beck, E. R. and et.al., 2017. Nursing home manager's knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about
advance care planning for people with dementia in long‐term care settings: a cross‐
sectional survey. Journal of clinical nursing. 26(17-18). pp.2633-2645.
Belrhiti, Z., Giralt, A. N. and Marchal, B., 2018. Complex leadership in healthcare: a scoping
review. International journal of health policy and management. 7(12). p.1073.
Brown, T., 2018. Using Jenga to Teach Risk Management Concepts to Senior Nursing
Students. Journal of Nursing Education. 57(12). pp.765-765.
Bunn, F. and et.al., 2020. Setting priorities to inform assessment of care homes’ readiness to
participate in healthcare innovation: a systematic mapping review and consensus
process. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17(3).
p.987.
Cable, S. and Graham, E., 2018. “Leading Better Care”: An evaluation of an accelerated
coaching intervention for clinical nursing leadership development. Journal of nursing
management. 26(5). pp.605-612.
Cherry, B. and Jacob, S.R., 2016. Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, & management.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
Cope, V. and Murray, M., 2017. Leadership styles in nursing. Nursing Standard. 31(43).
Crosbie, B. and et.al., 2019. Giving permission to care for people with dementia in residential
homes: learning from a realist synthesis of hearing-related communication. BMC
medicine. 17(1). p.54.
Ellis, P. and Abbott, J., 2020. Are leadership and management different?. Journal of Kidney
Care. 5(1). pp.45-47.
Ellis, P., 2018. Leadership, management and team working in nursing. Learning Matters.
Giddens, J., 2017. Concepts for nursing practice. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Goodman, C. and et.al., 2017. Managing Faecal INcontinence in people with advanced dementia
resident in Care Homes (FINCH) study: a realist synthesis of the evidence. Health
Technology Assessment. 21(42).
Gopee, N. and Galloway, J., 2017. Leadership and management in healthcare. Sage.
Huber, D., 2017. Leadership and nursing care management-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Huotari, P., 2018. Present health care leaders’ leadership and management competencies, and
structural system changes needed in nursing reform in Kazakhstan.
Johnson, C.S. and Smith, C.M., 2018. Preparing Nursing Professional Development Practitioners
in Their Leadership Role: Management and Leadership Skills. Journal for nurses in
professional development. 34(2). pp.99-100.
Killett, A. and et.al., 2016. Digging deep: how organisational culture affects care home residents'
experiences. Ageing & Society. 36(1). pp.160-188.
McCormack, B. and McCance, T. eds., 2016. Person-centred practice in nursing and health
care: theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons.
Murray, E., 2017. Nursing leadership and management: for patient safety and quality care. FA
Davis.
Pihlainen, V., Kivinen, T. and Lammintakanen, J., 2016. Management and leadership
competence in hospitals: a systematic literature review. Leadership in Health Services.

Stanley, D. ed., 2016. Clinical leadership in nursing and healthcare: Values into action. John
Wiley & Sons.
Stolt, M., Charalambous, A. and Suhonen, R.A., 2018. Supporting individualised nursing care by
leadership.
Van Puyvelde, S. and et.al., 2016. Managerial objectives and the governance of public and non-
profit organizations. Public management review. 18(2). pp.221-237.
Waterson, P. ed., 2018. Patient safety culture: theory, methods and application. CRC Press.
Weiss, S.A., Tappen, R.M. and Grimley, K., 2019. Essentials of nursing leadership &
management. FA Davis.
Online