A Comparative Analysis of Leadership and Management in Hospitality

This report provides a comprehensive overview of leadership and management concepts, focusing on classical and contemporary management theories. It examines the roles of leaders, different leadership styles (autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and paternalistic), and the distinctions between managers and leaders. The report analyzes how these concepts are applied in the hospitality industry, using examples from Hilton Hotel and Bel Canto Restaurant. It emphasizes the importance of understanding various leadership styles and their impact on employee motivation, organizational goals, and overall development. The conclusion highlights the need for a balanced approach, integrating management and leadership principles for optimal organizational success and employee satisfaction. The report also includes a comparison of manager roles versus leader roles and their impact on the organization.

Leadership And Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
L01...................................................................................................................................................1
P1. Two Different Management Theories...................................................................................1
P2. Role Of Leaders And Different Types Of Leadership Style.................................................3
P3. Difference between Roles of Managers and Leaders...........................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Hospitality refers to the relationship shared by guests and hosts. It also refers to the
services which comes under the service sector. This industry provides lodging, food and drink
service, event planning, theme parks and travelling service. This services are generally provided
by Hospitality units like Hotels and Restaurants (Lopes, 2016). Management is the process of
getting work done by the people who work in organization. It consists of Planning, Organizing,
Staffing, Directing and Controlling. Leadership is the process of motivating, guiding and
directing people in order to achieve some goals. Generally, these 2 terms are considered to be
one. But, in reality these 2 terms are different from each other and play an important role in the
success of organization together. Report will highlight classical management theories and
contemporary management theories. Report will also tell about the roles of leaders and different
leadership styles. Report will also describe the difference between the roles of manager and
leader.
L01
P1. Two Different Management Theories
Management is the process of dealing and controlling people in order to achieve organizational
objective (Functions of Management, 2019). Process of Management is done by following 5
steps -
Planning – Management process starts with the planning in which it is decided in advance that
what is to be do and who will do the work.
Organizing – Next step after planning is Organizing in which manager do assigning duties,
grouping tasks, establishing authorities and allocating resources in order to achieve the plan.
Staffing – Next step is staffing in which manager do finding the suitable candidates for the
suitable jobs.
Directing – Next step is directing in which manager do lead, guide, motivate and influence
employees to do allocated tasks.
Controlling – Last step of management process is controlling in which manager monitor the
performance, compared the performance with decided standards and taking corrective measures
if deviation is found during comparison (Jelinek, 2015).
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CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT THEORY ADOPTED BY HILTON HOTEL -
Hilton Hotel adopted Human Relations Theory which was propounded by Elton Mayo.
According to this theory, management is the study of human behaviour and communication atv
work place. According to this approach, Hilton hotel kept his employees satisfied because
satisfied employees are efficient employees. This would increase the productivity and profits of
hotel (Pasquali, 2018).
CONTEMPORARY MANAGEMENT THEORY ADOPTED BY BEL CANTO
RESTAURANT -
Bel Canto Restaurant adopts Contingency Theory Of Management. In this approach,
Manager of Bel Canto Restaurant thinks that there is no particular and best way to manage
organization. He thinks that external environment (in which organization is operating) is rapidly
changing. Thus, he has to adopt the changes and accordingly operate its organization in order to
achieve the goals and sustain for the long term (Shafritz, Ott and Jang, 2015).
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Illustration 1: 5 Steps
Source: Functions of Management, 2019.

P2. Role Of Leaders And Different Types Of Leadership Style
ROLES OF LEADERS -
11 Leaders influence the behaviour of employees by motivate them.11 They make employees to contribute their work in order to achieve the goals.11 They try to produce good results through their employees.11 They create better work environment for employees to provide them required confidence
and encouragement.11 They play a crucial role in adoption of new changes by employees.11 They handle conflicts between employees (Antonakis and Day, 2017).
DIFFERENT LEADERSHIP STYLES -
There are many leadership styles which are mentioned below -
11 Autocratic Leadership Style – In this style, Leaders try to control and assume full
responsibilities on the basis of his power. He only gives order and instructions to
employees and employees have to do act as per the orders or instructions. He doesn't take
care of their needs and doesn't involve them in decision making process. It is good for
quick decision making process but bad for employees as it enhances the employees
turnover rates in the organization (Englefield and et.al., 2019).11 Democratic Leadership Style – It is also known as Participative Style, in which leaders
try to delegate his responsibilities and duties to his employees. He directs, guides and
encourages employees to do work in order to help them in achieving their objectives. He
takes care of his employees' needs and satisfaction level and does involve them in
decision-making process. This style is beneficial for the growth and retention of the
employees in the organization. This style take time in decision-making (Holten and
Brenner, 2015). Hotel Hilton Uses this leadership style to motivate their employees and
growth of employees & organization.11 Laissez Faire Leadership Style – It is also known as Free-Rein Leadership Style. In this
style, leaders do not believe in power and authority. He gives his employees fully
freedom regarding decision-making process, solving problems and process of carrying
out the tasks. In this style, leaders neither do not direct the employees nor interfere in
their work. He only plays a minor role when there is arisen of some problems which can
not solve by the employees. Then he helps them to solve that problems. This style
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encourages the problem solving skill of employees. But, this style can be harmful for the
organization because of wrong decision-making. Bel Canto Restaurant uses this
leadership style (Dapper, 2019).11 Paternalistic Leadership Style – In this leadership style, leaders play fatherly role for
his employees. Like a father guides and protects his children. The same way, leaders
guide and protect his employees. In this approach, leaders treat his employees as a
family. In turn, he gains complete trust and loyalty from his employees. Leaders provides
them better work environment and fringe benefits. In turn, employees do work hard and
give their 100% for the achievement of organization. It helps organization to get loyal
employees. But, this style can create dependency on leaders which is harmful for the
employees (Iqbal, Anwar and Haider, 2015).
P3. Difference between Roles of Managers and Leaders
Manager – He is a person who manages the organization by planning, organizing,
staffing, directing and controlling (Bosworth, 2016).
Leader – He is a person who directs his employees by influencing them in order to
achieve pre-determined goals.
MANAGER ROLES V/S LEADER ROLES -
MANAGER LEADER
He creates goals for the organization. For
achieving these goals, they plan and try to
control the situations.
He creates vision for the organization. For
converting vision into reality, they make
employees to contribute their work.
He works to maintain the status quo. He
believes in specialization and perfection. To
make work and performance better, he reviews
systems, structures and processes being used in
the organization.
He is change agent. He believes in
innovation and changes. He knows the
importance of adopting new changes for the
success of organization. He also makes
employees to believe in change and
innovation.
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Manager does copy. If successful manager uses
specific management style, He will learn and
adopt that style. So basically he is comfortable
in his own shoes.
He is unique. They encourage employees to
be like him. He is focus, self-aware and
building a team to work actively (Daniel,
2018).
He tries to control the risks. He fears of
loosing. That's why, he controls problems.
He is ready to take risks by trying out some
new things. He doesn't take care of the
results.
His perspective is for short term. His focus is
on completion of tasks.
His perspective is for long term. His main
motive is to stay motive and do motive
people.
He focuses on building systems and processes
to managing and carrying out the work for the
achievement of objectives (Difference Between
Leadership and Management, 2019).
He focuses on people. He believes in trust
and loyalty because he knows that without
trust and loyalty, do motivating them is not
easy task.
CONTRAST BETWEEN LEADERS AND MANAGERS
On the basis of these differences between leader's and manager's roles, Leader is better
than manager. Because, leaders focus on the motivating people and try to boost their confidence
level, which help them to achieve their goals. Also, this lead to development of the employees
too. Managers only focus on the task completion. He doesn't take care of the development and
confidence level of employees (Winston, 2018).
CONCLUSION
From the above study, it has been summarized that management process helps
organization to achieve its objectives. No management and leadership approach is perfect. All
approaches have its own advantages and disadvantages. Thus, organization should use the
mixture of these approaches. There should be co-ordination between managers and leaders. Co-
ordination between them help employees to achieve his/her objectives. Also, this co-ordination
helps in overall development of employees and organization.
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REFERENCES
Books And Journals
Antonakis, J. and Day, D.V. Eds., 2017. The nature of leadership. Sage publications.
Bosworth, K.A., 2016. The manager is a politician. In Local Government Management: Current
Issues and Best Practices. (pp. 17-23). Routledge.
Daniel, G., 2018. What Makes a Leader?. In Contemporary Issues in Leadership. (pp. 21-35).
Routledge.
Dapper, R.E.E., 2019. Leadership Styles and Entrepreneurial Orientation. Leadership. 11(8).
Englefield, E., and et.al., 2019. Interpersonal competencies define effective conservation
leadership. Biological Conservation. 235. pp.18-26.
Holten, A.L. and Brenner, S.O., 2015. Leadership style and the process of organizational change.
Leadership & Organization Development Journal. 36(1). pp.2-16.
Iqbal, N., Anwar, S. and Haider, N., 2015. Effect of leadership style on employee performance.
Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review. 5(5). pp.1-6.
Jelinek, M., 2015. Management, Classical Theory. Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. pp.1-2.
Lopes, M., 2016. The hospitality industry. (Doctoral dissertation).
Pasquali, R., 2018. Contemporary approaches to the management of polycystic ovary syndrome.
Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism. 9(4). pp.123-134.
Shafritz, J.M., Ott, J.S. and Jang, Y.S., 2015. Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning.
Winston, B.E., 2018. Contrast Leader, Manager, and Administrator. In Biblical Principles of
Leading and Managing Employees. (pp. 1-5). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Online
Difference Between Leadership and Management. 2019. [ONLINE]. Available through:
<https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-leadership-and-management.html>
Functions of Management. 2019. [ONLINE]. Available through:
<https://www.managementstudyhq.com/functions-of-management.html>
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