Roles of Leaders and Managers: Mark and Spencer Case Study Report

This report delves into the multifaceted roles of leaders and managers within an organizational context, using Mark and Spencer as a case study. It begins by defining and comparing the functions and characteristics of leaders and managers, highlighting their distinct responsibilities in driving organizational success. The report then explores how leaders and managers adapt their approaches based on situational conditions, discussing various leadership theories and models, including trait theory, behavioral trait theory, situational leadership, and contingency approaches. Furthermore, the report examines key approaches to operational management and the specific roles of managers and leaders at Mark and Spencer, emphasizing the importance of operational efficiency. Finally, it analyzes the impact of business environment factors on operational management decision-making. Overall, the report provides a comprehensive overview of leadership, management, and operational strategies, offering valuable insights for understanding effective organizational practices.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Definition and comparison of several roles and characteristic of a leader and manager.......3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Explanation of roles of leaders and managers in different situational conditions.................4
P3 Different hypothesis and models of leadership......................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P4 Explain the key approaches of operational management and the role of managers and
leaders at the Mark and Spencer.................................................................................................6
P5 importance of operation management ...................................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P6 factors in the business environment impact on operational management decision making
by leaders and managers.............................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Governance and trading operations is related with an area of management which includes
design and monitoring the different types of production and redetermining of products and
services. The basic function is the strategic implementation and daily basis manufacturing of
products and services. Mark and Spencer is a famous multinational retailer company of UK
located at Westminster London. the company is also related with the e commerce business from
MYNTRA. By e commerce or internet marketing the company can produce and diversified its
selling business through out the world with different scopes and challenges. products in a
authenticated and best way because its the fastest way off communicating with people in today's
environment. The present report covers, the roles that leader and manager play within an
organization is explained. The role of leaders and managers in order to work with an effective
and efficient manner (Musa, 2011).

TASK 1
P1 Definition and comparing of several functions via characteristic of a follower and director.
The functions of the leaders and managers distinct from one another moreover whole
trading functions carried several operated activities have certain level of sophistications.
Leader – It is a process of influence between the leader and those who are followers.
Manager – It decides how the things getting done through the people. It describes what a
manager does in order to controls the organizational members. The basic function of a manger is
to control and direct the organization work force. A manager provides the definition of an
effective means of determining the company aims and objectives in order to envisages the
development (Stadtler, 2015).
1. In scrutinizing the effective functions operated by leadership and directors of
mark and Spencer, there is an assessment based on which they operates an
important function in playing the responsibilities and different roles are given
according to their capabilities and functions.The role played by the leaders is
declared as very important in order to control large team members at the
organization work place. There are several measures which has been taken in
solving various conflicts at the work place by the leaders. They are very
responsible in order to keep hold some duties and improve some planning
strategies at the work place. Therefore they provide measures for the delivery of
favourables results towards an administration of full fledged ideas. Leader is the
person whose role is to define employee’s instruction and guidance to a group of
individuals. In Mark and Spencer’s managers defines leaders their roles for work
with the employees.
Managers manage the flow of work in an appropriate manner. This company leaders
capabilities to run a successful store and control the wholesale head office and dealership stores
in different countries (Modi, 2011).
Flexibility- the managers and leaders of Mark Spencer are very flexible towards their
working conditions and decision making analysis under the risky situations. Leaders have to take
important decisions in a very short span of time and managers have to focus on changing
situations according to goals and visualizations.

Communicating - it is very important for the leaders and managers to interact well and
in appropriate manner. This is an essential method of dealing with the difficult situations and
adoption of new concepts and ideas.
Several methods are included like encouragement and appreciation. The best method is
the reward system in order to applying some monetary benefits in recognition to the outstanding
performance of employees. If the intrinsics activities cannot be managed than the firm is not
operated by an effectualness and efficiency. Hence through this method has presented all the
influencers functions which are effectual with respect to the director of Mark and Spencer.
These are the above roles and characteristics of leaders and managers.
TASK 2
P2 Explanation of roles of leaders and managers in different situational conditions
The leaders and managers plays different roles according to the different situational
analysis. The style of the leader has to be proper and systematic which encourage motivation
towards the team members in any type of situation. It aims at execution of work by various
intellectual aspects. Hence according to this there is an important prospectus to the influencer to
follow various leadership style of giving the assistance to an individual in order to perform better
with respect to the provided information and guidance.
(Musa, 2011).
Managers functions are related with the aims of achieving targets and developing the
growth of the organization by attaining profits as well. Mark and Spencer manager possess
responsibility towards the conception of flourishing work surroundings in the site in order to
attain aims and objectives in an effective manner. The main focus of manager is on appropriate
projects with respect to the responsibility and potency. This is done in order to deliver quality
services to the customers in accordance with the needs and demands. Through these methods
business trading operations can be managed effectively and efficiently. Thus according to the
above estimates it is clear that both leader and manager have the responsibility towards adopting
several management style as per the situation. For instance, for the sake of managing the dispute
among the leader and subordinates, manager needs to make sure that attention is paid towards
issues of both parties. Further, with shared consent solution can be obstinate. This is important
for safeguarding the business from multifarious difficulties that are connected with occupation.

P3 Different hypothesis and models of leadership
There are several types of approaches on the basis of different theories and models of
leadership. Leadership theories are defined as those hypothesis and explanations on the basis of
their several styles and characteristics. It gives an idea about the various characteristics of
working criteria according to the leadership situational analysis (Rutherford, 2011 ).
Theories and approaches of leadership is as follows
Trait theory - According to this to this theory it has been evaluated that this theory is
based on different characteristics in which some lead to failure and some are successful. Further
it assist in measuring the effectiveness of leadership. Leader under this theory have capability to
inspire employees for the on time goal accomplishment. It can be identified that leader work
with full motivation and self-confident.
Behavioural trait theory - it is a theory in which leader is characterized on the basis of
its behaviour. This type of leader at mark and Spencer support in making effective decision
which assist organization to accomplish goals and objectives on time. It is evaluated that leader
of this style are best predictor and encourage team member for achieving target.
Situational leadership – it focuses on the over flexibility and simpleness. According to
this style of leadership modifications or modifications are processed according to the situation as
per the condition. Various occupational functions of conditional type of influencing are
processed at the mark and Spencer analysing the development level of employees. Following
this, there is a great need of adjustment is required for the leaders and managers of the
company M&S Ltd according to the behavioural aspects. For an instance, the workers of an
individual level attain wider aspects of competencies and promises according to this there is a
requirement to an influencer in order to apply some empowering powers and responsibilities.
The reason behind this in an individual who featured competency and willing to work on the
project of less monitored and assisted situations (Ramanathan, 2012).
Contingency approach -The theory defines the group and leadership effectiveness.
Their are two factors associated with this theory. They are work encouragement or bondings
motives and conditions. The task and relation psychological feature related with the
encouragement are calculated by to the lowest degree of employee selected scaler . The LPC
measuring standard is a very advance method of giving and asking judgements about the least
practical employees from the manager. And rating is done according to setting up of various

questions pertaining in 8 point scale. For an instance the one who get the rating 8 would be
considered as polite and rating of one would be judging as not polite. The basic aim of this
model is to envisaged group harmony in an organizational environment. conceptualization of
the contingency presented that there is deficiency of suitable concept in which business
administration is processed. Moreover the postulates are generated according to the visualization
which depends upon the communicating doings of establishments according to the specified
stipulations. It is in operation with respect to mark and Spencer by means of measuring To the
lowest degree Favored Co-Fellow worker (LPC) score granted by director, follower and
conditional co-variant. It has been used the calculation of an individual with respect to the
enjoying criteria. The conditional co-variant consists of work cognition, orientation ability and
influences directed bonding (Sheu, 2010).
These are the above estimates according to the different types of theories and approaches
for maintaining the sustainable competitive advantage and developing the growth and
development of the organization .
TASK 3
P4 key approaches of O.M and the role of managers and leaders at the Mark and Spencer.
There are various type of approaches that is contingency leadership, situational leadership
is considered.
Situational leadership: this approach is very supportive for an organization in order to influence
employees towards the work. Further this approach is practical and easily understood by
manager of M&S Ltd. Its strength is that leader change there way of performing as per different
situation. On the other hand its weakness is that sometime employees feel pressure of work under
this approach.
In contingency approach In this the leader of M&S Ltd involve its employees in decision
making process. Strength of this leadership style is that leader motivates employee for working
with more efforts which lead to increase in production. While its weakness is that all power and
authority is in leader hand so it direct employees toward the work and not involve with them in
their work (Rutherford, 2011).
through operated accomplishments and capabilities directors of M&S company has been
controlling the overall processes at the organizational level. Directors are providing assistance

according to the direction with respect to the various resources by the help of capital
administration. They are doing proper assessment for maintaining the effectiveness and
efficiency.
The decision of the manager is to sell and identification of the thoughts concepts and
ideas and finally provide to the lower level authorities in order to apply the decision level
criteria. It Present the ideas and invite new reasons to allow the subordinate in order to increase
the inquiring conditions on the determinations by the directors in order to make certain
implementations and make certain valuable answers to the difficulties. The situation of showing
a doubtful determinations or judgments that is subjected to change the manager decision, but the
last conclusion will be taken by managers of Mark and Spencer's.
Following are the difference among the directors and influencers
Influencer director
Functions of Employee management at the
company mark and Spencer Follower involved
in risk and making efforts in prioritizing
several requirements related with an individual
connected to an organization
Directors are having duty towards guiding
and directing the people according to the
ambitions. Team work and group harmony
are the essential tools of attaining targets and
objectives.
Involved in uncertain situations or risks Least involvement in risks
They adopted various styles of advisory,
participative and transformational.
They are adopting various styles which
includes, ruler, influential, dominating .
From the the above table it can be concluded that the leaders and mangers adopted
various styles for proper functioning of the organizational culture in order to maintain the
effectiveness and efficiency (Turner, 2010).
P5 importance of operation management
Operational management is very important in order to attain group and organizational
goals and objectives to a wider aspect. It helps in building of organizational frame work with the
help of managers and leaders. Operation management is basically considered with the supply
chain , inventory and control, logistics and procurement of the management (Chase, 2010).
There are several plan of action with wide range of products and services. It manages the
supply chain process with respect to the demands of the customers and services provided to
them. The various stages associated with the mark and Spencer company are associated with the

manufacturer, unprocessed materials, retailers, retailers and customers. It is critically examined
that operational management manger require to supervise the superiority of merchandise and
services on regular basis so that customer are not giving their preference to other company
products Further all the new device and equipment used for making product and services need to
repair on time so that employee not get harmed by them at the time of working.
Operation management play crucial role at M&S Ltd in order to make high quality
products and services. further operation management support in increasing the sale and profit of
M&S Ltd. Through this company can easily measure the present demand of customer in order to
meet their expectation. Operation management consists of several elements which are very
important for carrying out the production process in an appropriate manner. For example
flexibility, superiority and swiftness etc. these all elements are required to keep in mind by
production department at the time of manufacturing product and services. Moreover there are
different valuable concepts of operations management which are needed for accomplishing
organizational goal and objective. M&S Ltd operation management system is not much effective
which become barrier for delivering high quality product and services to customer. this
department not only deal with extrinsic activities but also with intrinsic activities. Operation
management department required to make proper coordination with different department such as
sales, customer relationship management etc. this all department provide information which
support in carrying out production activities (Batta, 2013) . Customer relationship management
department help in collecting information regarding the orientations and sentiments of customer
for the product and services. on the other side information gather from marketing department
assist manager of production department to modify product and services as per the current
demand of customer. Operational management assist in enhancing the productivity of M&S Ltd.
And decrease the cost of production. If productivity of organization is review than it help in
assessing the performance of employees. Leader of operation management make sure that all
scared resources used effectively without wasting them. Further it make sure that workers who
work under operation management must be highly skilled and possess technical knowledge in
order to make high quality product and services. The role f operation manager is to provide
assurance to all the workers in order to work under safe working conditions and work place so
that they do not get injured at the working time. These are the above essential considerations of

operations management with respect to the mark and Spencer ltd in order to attain goals and
objectives of the company (Mallidis, 2012).
TASK 4
P6 factors of business environment impact on O.M decision by leaders and managers.
There are several internal and external factors which impacted the leader and manager
decision making process of Mark and Spencer ltd
External factors including supplier customers competitors and society
Supplier- Supplier plays an important role by providing supply of raw material with the
on time delivery for making products and services of Mark and Spencer. There is a requirement
for the company of making proper interaction and networking links with the suppliers according
to the right and proper delivery of raw materials as well (Mallidis, 2012).
Challenger- It is carried out by making the similar products and services according to the
M&S ltd. This impact on the decision level of the managers and leaders with respect to the
analysis, concepts and ideas. This can be renovate by making advance implementations
according to the latest trends and forthcoming methods of innovative technology. This help in
attaining competitive advantage with respect to the other companies. There is great need fr the
adoption of new technology in order to manufacturing the products with respect to the needs of
the consumers.
Customers- The basic demands of the customers are according to the products and
services. They need high quality standard products . Their priorities are based on the reasonable
and low prices. They want different styles and designs as Mark and Spencer is considered.
Society – The societal aspects are based on the values, morals and ethics. There are
different types of considerations according to the various types of products with respect to the
community , locality and nation. Their choices and selection criteria are different.
Internal factors including policies, finance, labor
Financial variable- Many functions in relation with the operation management are depend upon
the financial aspects. For example if the finance condition with respect to M&S limited is not
good then the company is unable to manufacture further products and services. This leads to the
impact on the decision criteria of the managers and leaders as well (Grunow, 2010).

Inside relations - It comprises of investor, owner, workers and managers of an
organization. If there is strong coordination and proper communication between each of them,
then manager of M&S Ltd can take fast and effective Further, strong relation between leader and
employees support in making effectual judgments which lead to attain on time operational goal
and objectives.
Value system - M&S Ltd organization have its own value system under which
employees, manager and leader work together for attaining goal and objectives. There is an
essential prospectus for a leader to direct its team member towards the value system in order to
make appropriate decision in any situation. The company expanding its business in different
parts of the world like America, Africa and Asia to promote its brand Zara. Online shopping
platform or internet marketing the company can produce and diversified its selling business
through out the world with different scopes and challenges and thus increasing the value of the
products and services associated with the company.
Policies – every company has been adopting several policies in order to govern certain
rules and regulations for effective working of the member's of the employees. This aims at
envisaging the working functions of the mark and Spencer ltd. These are the above estimates of
the business environment which impacts on operational management decision analysis.
CONCLUSION
From the above findings with respect to the mark and Spencer company it can be
concluded that . Mark and Spencer is a famous multinational retailer company of UK located at
Westminster London. Operation management is related with an area of management which
includes design and monitoring the different types of production and redetermining of products
and services. The basic function is the strategic implementation and daily basis manufacturing of
products and services. Operation management plays a crucial role at M&S Ltd in order to make
high quality products and services. It supports in accelerating the selling and profit of M&S Ltd.
These are the above estimates of the mark and Spencer ltd.

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