An Evaluation of Leadership and Management Roles at Marks and Spencer

This report provides an in-depth analysis of leadership and management roles within the context of Marks and Spencer (M&S), a prominent retail business. The report begins by differentiating between the roles of leaders and managers, highlighting their respective characteristics, responsibilities, and contributions to achieving business goals. It then explores how leadership and management qualities are applied in different situations within the organization. The report further delves into various theories and models of leadership approaches, such as situational, contingency, and systematic leadership styles, and their relevance to M&S. The second task focuses on operational management, examining key approaches like inventory management, total-quality-management, action-centered approaches, functional approach, Six Sigma, lean theory, and queuing theory. The report also emphasizes the importance and value of operational management in accomplishing business objectives. Finally, it addresses factors in the business environment that influence operational management and decision-making at M&S. Overall, the report offers a comprehensive overview of leadership, management, and operational strategies in a real-world business setting, making it a valuable resource for students studying business and management.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
P1 Define and compare role of manager and leaders .................................................................1
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................3
P2 How role of leader and function of manager can applied in different situations...................3
P3 Theories and models of approaches for the M&S.................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................4
P4 Key approaches of operation management and leadership....................................................4
P5 Importance and value of operation management to accomplish business goals and
objectives.....................................................................................................................................6
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................7
P6 Factors in the business environment that impact on operational management and decision-
making.........................................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Operation and management both elements play a vital role in success of the organisation.
In this context, several elements included that assists to accomplish business goals and objectives
in systematic manner. This is because, in this aspect different things managing and operating that
assists to enhance business activities in new areas for their development and ascertain effective
functioning in it (White, 2016). With this regard, report based on Marks and Spencer has been
selected which is retail sector business and operating their functions in new areas of the market.
They concerned about the efficiency and goals development that make effective results at
workplace. For gaining insight knowledge of the company, report includes roles and
characteristic of leader and manager in the business unit. Furthermore, it describes different
functions of leaders that can be applied in different situation to enhance their work performances
in systematic manner.
TASK 1
LO 1
P1 Define and compare role of manager and leaders
Leaders and manager both determines their important participation in business. They
possess effective skills and capabilities to work in significant manner to achieve positive results.
In Marks and Spencer all managers and leaders take important place to accomplish the business
goals and objectives in systematic manner. With the help of different tools and techniques they
are taking participation for ascertain more profits and revenue. Therefore, following are certain
differences could be made for accomplish desired results:
Basis Leader Manager
Meaning Leader is a person who lead
their team members to
accomplish their activities
through share roles and
responsibilities (Winkler and
Choban, 2015).
However, manager is a person
who manage things and
activities to enhance profits
and revenue of the enterprise.
Role In Marks and Spencer, leader On the other hand, manager of
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posses’ role to develops
several activities that are carry
for maintain its profitability
and results in systematic
manner.
the enterprise has role to
maintain and create reputation
so that they can easily attract
customers at workplace.
Therefore, they are
determining their effective
roles and responsibility to
perform tasks (Park and Shin,
2014).
Characteristics Leaders possess innovative
qualities so that they are
determines their functions and
operations to create innovative
results at workplace. These
qualities assist to the chosen
organisation to make their
functions very effective and
innovative (Strande and
Brdjanovic, 2014).
On the other hand, manager of
the selected business perceives
quality and characteristics to
use same things in business for
ascertain effective results.
Hence, they maximise
objectives of the organisation
in systematic manner.
Therefore, goals and
objectives considered in
systematic aspect.
Vision Within the selected business
unit, leader has vision to
enhance satisfaction level of
customers through they can
develop their profits and
revenue easily.
Manager of the enterprise has
vision to control their
problems and solve issues that
assists to develop effective
functions and operations in the
business to accomplish desired
results (López, De la Torre,
Martín and Aguado, 2015).
Attitude In Marks and Spencer, leaders
are taking part to create
personal and positive attitude
Beside this, manager has
attitude to achieve goals and
objectives through set
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that assists to make creative
results in the business.
different activities and targets.
LO 2
P2 How role of leader and function of manager can applied in different situations
Leadership and management qualities work together in the organisation that assists to
develop attributes and their participation for ascertain and making decisions in systematic
manner. Therefore, in Marks and Spencer customers are easily attracted through increase
activities and operations in new areas. It is the main duty of manager and leader to take care for
their customers to deliver products and services (Expósito, Gomez-Exposito and Canizares,
2016). There are different illustration determines that provide description which assists to apply
in different situations of the enterprise:
 In respect to determines internal structure, employees of the organisation take roles and
responsibilities to ascertain more objectives in the business. Therefore, leader create
schedule in which roles will be distributed through assign duty and task for positive
results (Binz, Breitenbücher and Leymann, 2014). Beside this, manager also possess
functions to manage their activities and organise their task in Marks and Spencer to
achieve goals and objectives.
 At every level of the chosen organisation, leader demonstrate their participation to
perform activities. Therefore, they are playing very important role to give their presence
in the business. Their main function is to assign role and responsibilities as per the
capabilities and interest areas which assists to manage effective functioning in the
business (Parisio, Rikos and Glielmo, 2016). Beside this, manage possess functions to
operate activities at right time that assists to encourages employees at Marks and Spencer
to increase their operations.
P3 Theories and models of approaches for the M&S
In respect to handle situations of the company, there are several models and theories has
been carried that assists to accomplish effective results at workplace. Hence, in the chosen
organisation functions will be managing accordingly (Fayol, 2016). Different theories are
explained under here:
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Situational leadership style: This kind of leadership style is the systematic tool that assists
to enhance creative results and solve conflicts among members. Further, leaders of Marks and
Spencer also taking responsibilities to create effective functioning and ascertain profits as well.
Therefore, roles and task will be distributed among members for growing profits (Hong, Koo and
Jeong, 2015). This kind of leadership style also develop cycle program for making effective
results at workplace. Hence, right person has allotted right job at right time that create more
efficiency at workplace.
Contingency leadership style: This kind of leadership style emphasis on situations that are
take place at Marks and Spencer. It encompasses on the several kinds of leaders personality and
situations in which the chosen organisation will handle different things together that are needed
to complete tasks (Basso, Nastasi and Golasi, 2017). In addition to this, in Marks and Spencer it
supports to leaders and their members relations. As per the basis of different fundamental
aspects, decisions can be made to accomplish tasks.
Systematic leadership style: Systematic leadership styles develops and determines
decisions in Marks and Spencer in systematic aspect. In this way, understanding of the business
improves for determines more profits and revenue (Sapienza, Palomba and Vasta, 2017). Hence,
it helps to enhance performances with leadership program. In respect to determines different
kinds of leadership style, different techniques and activities included that helps to focus on the
skills and ideas of business. This style helps to the business to increase their skills and ideas for
different responsibilities at workplace.
TASK 2
LO 3
P4 Key approaches of operation management and leadership
Marks and Spencer need to implement different approaches of management that assists to
enhance efficiencies and quality to increase effective results in the organisation. With this regard,
they have to focus on the competitive activities that diminish cost and enhance targets in
different areas. In respect to make sustainability in the market, management need to develop their
food items and services in systematic manner (Goudarzi and Pedram, 2016). Therefore, products
and services will be deliver in systematic aspect. In this aspect, different kinds of approaches of
operation management define as follows:
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 Inventory management: In this kind of approach, operation and management of Marks
and Spencer develop their effective functioning through managing inventory at
workplace. Therefore, they can easily accomplish goals and objectives at workplace. The
chosen organisation provide their products and services in safe and creative manner so
that they can attract several customers at workplace easily (Expósito, Gomez-Exposito
and Canizares, 2016).
 Total-quality-management: In this type of approach, management of Marks and
Spencer trying to implement qualitative elements so that they can easily accomplish goals
and objectives. In this aspect, production function is very important to satisfy customers
to achieve their goals and objectives. In addition to this, manager also deals with quality
management problems so that they can implement standards to accomplish effective
results at workplace (López, De la Torre, Martín and Aguado, 2015). In addition to this,
quality management also ensure that products getting more and effective outcomes that
assists to enhance performances of the chosen business.
 Action centred approaches: In this approach, leaders and manager both require develop
their work performances through take proper actions in the business. In respect to make
effective results and outcomes, possible solution made to face situation and problem of
the company. It is the effective element that helps to enhance production and outcomes of
the company (Winkler and Choban, 2015). With the help of quality management,
marketability require that enhance performance of business.
 Functional approach: In this approach, implementation of functions requires for
undertake several aspects in the business. In this regard, Marks and Spencer need to focus
on the operational work and it helps to better functions and brought new things at
workplace. It is the systematic aspect in which innovative and creative results will be
ascertain at workplace (Sapienza, Palomba and Vasta, 2017).
 Six sigma: It is the important and creative aspect in which several techniques included
that increasing performances of Marks and Spencer in significant aspect. In this aspect,
the selected business will analysis their performances to develop performance and
objectives. In addition to this, manager also play important role to each person as per
their quality and interest so that objectives and goals will be accomplish (Basso, Nastasi
and Golasi, 2017).
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 Lean theory: Lean theory is the important aspect and activity which helps to eliminate
waste material from the manufacturing. Therefore, Marks and Spencer can reduce their
over burden and undertake different things in the business in systematic aspect. In
addition to this, organising different things also helps to create management and
functioning at workplace (Parisio, Rikos and Glielmo, 2016).
 Queuing theory: This theory defines as the mathematical approach that helps to create
lines and queues of waiting. In this aspect, model also constructed that assists to identify
length in the business. In addition to this, manager also possess role to create deadlines
for meeting with goals and objectives at workplace. Leaders also develops their
participation for effective results and outcomes (Strande and Brdjanovic, 2014).
P5 Importance and value of operation management to accomplish business goals and objectives
Marks and Spencer deals in different kinds of products and services so that they have to
develop their functions and operations in significant manner. Hence, each activity and task need
to be completed with planning, organising, staffing and controlling. These steps assists to lead
with management and accomplish desired results at workplace. Manager of the selected business
unit also need to corporate their operations and functions that enhance profitable results at
workplace. In addition to this, manager require assign roles and responsibilities among
employees that develops capabilities for ascertain effective results (Strande and Brdjanovic,
2014). Therefore, it includes several kinds of design system towards the products and services
which support to environment. In this context, following are different importance and values of
operation management take place that helps to meet with goals and objectives.
 Controlling and distribution system: Manager of the selected business require
implementation of different activities and goals that assists to make creative results and
outcomes in successful manner. In this context, every activity and distribution system
includes profitability of the organisation in systematic manner. As results, the
organisation can lead with several resources and enhancement in the profitability at
workplace.
 Transformational of raw-material: In respect to increase effective results and
operations, management convert raw-material into finished goods so that it assists to lead
with effective results and outcomes at workplace. Hence, it is the best way for Marks and
Spencer to create their efficiency in market. It is the important activity that assists to
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manage functions and operations in the business environment. Therefore, finished goods
need to be accomplish for attain more effective results at workplace.
 Process design: Process design is the effective aspect of management in which
development will be done to attain desire results. In addition to this, physical and
chemical transformation of material assists to develop effective functioning in the
business that attain more effective results at workplace (Strande and Brdjanovic, 2014).
In addition to this, the organisation has also responsibilities to make their targets and
objectives as per the business goals so that they are able to deliver effective functioning
at workplace. Marks and Spencer need to concentrate on the objectives and aims which
they decide to develop profits and revenue. Several components need to be achieve
through determine creative aspect in the business that assists to meet with targets and
goals. In addition to this, the organisation enhance their participation in different
activities that assists to meet with its goals and objectives (Expósito, Gomez-Exposito
and Canizares, 2016).
 Capacity management: Capacity management is the another important perspective
which is used by manager to develop their information technology at workplace. In
addition to this, in Marks and Spencer has primary duty to develop their operations and
functions in systematic aspect. With this regard, primary goals of the organisation helps
to meet with future and current requirement (López, De la Torre, Martín and Aguado,
2015).
LO 4
P6 Factors in the business environment that impact on operational management and decision-
making
In order to accomplish goals and objectives, there are several elements exists that create
impact on them (Strande and Brdjanovic, 2014).. In Marks and Spencer, internal and external are
certain factors which create impact on their performance and objectives. They are explains
underneath:
Internal factors
In the internal factors, following are certain elements included:
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 Value system: Value system of the chosen enterprise based on their norms, cultural
aspects and many other elements that assists to meet with goals and objectives in
systematic manner (Basso, Nastasi and Golasi, 2017). With this regard, Marks and
Spencer determines regulatory frameworks that create major impact on the business
performances of the company. Therefore, rules and regulations need to be followed for
develop creative aspect at workplace. (Sapienza, Palomba and Vasta, 2017)
 Mission and objectives: In the business environment, there are several kinds of policies
and priorities has been set that are carried for operating different functions of the Marks
and Spencer. In this regard, mission and objectives could be develops in systematic way
at workplace. Therefore, it is the creative aspect that helps to operate several functions in
the business (Winkler and Choban, 2015).
 Financial factors: In this aspect, at workplace of the selected business unit include
capital structure, policies and financial position which could be impact on their functions
and operations. In addition to this, strategies also develops that create impact on the
performances and ascertain results in the systematic perspective (Basso, Nastasi and
Golasi, 2017).
 Internal relationship: It is the another crucial aspect that assists to improve profit and
revenue of the organisation. Marks and Spencer require maintain their relations with
different people such as shareholders, employees, customers, etc. Therefore, it creates
smooth functioning in the business for their development (Winkler and Choban, 2015).
External factors
Marks and Spencer affected by the following external factors:
 Suppliers: Suppliers are those people who are responsible to determines necessary
elements in the organisation. In this aspect, creative results will be made that develops
through accomplish goals and objectives at workplace (Strande and Brdjanovic, 2014).
 Competitors: Competitors are also determines their functions and operations to create
effective functioning at workplace. In this way, one business need to compare their
performances with other to develop their market in significant manner. In this way also
policies will be formulated to ascertain effective functioning (Parisio, Rikos and Glielmo,
2016).
8

 Market intermediaries: Market intermediaries also helps to promote goals and
objectives of business through developing their outcomes in the organisation. With this
regard, sales and distribution system also develops which is important strategy that take
create link in the organisation for enhance customer base
Apart from this, there are different factors exists that create impact on the functions and
operations of chosen enterprise. They are creating major impact on the business performances to
cater effective functioning and outcomes in the business unit. Therefore, it is the crucial element
that assists to conduct survey regarding business goals and objectives. In addition to this, it also
develop successful outcomes that helps to set different elements at workplace (Basso, Nastasi
and Golasi, 2017).
 Managerial standards: Managerial standards defines as the element that could be assists
to motivate people for accomplish their desired results. With this regard, technological
employment resources also developing at workplace that assists to create new line and
job duties with specific job description. Hence, it impacts negatively on employees when
they have to develop their performances as per business requirement (Sapienza, Palomba
and Vasta, 2017).
 Motivation: In respect to get and enhance better performances, organisation need to
develop their performances and operations for getting financial incentives, non financial
rewards, etc. Marks and Spencer has several opportunities to lead with management
outcomes and accomplish task for effective motivation (López, De la Torre, Martín and
Aguado, 2015). Further, producing workforce also develops effective results that
maintain standards to upgrade technological elements.
 Commitment: Workers of the organisation also feeling very well with committing
several operations and functions at workplace. With this regard, better performances will
be made in the personnel system to accomplish desired outcomes. Competitive
advantages could be made that enhance packages to offer assistance for better
performances at workplace (Expósito, Gomez-Exposito and Canizares, 2016).
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that management and operation consist
important role in success of the organisation. In this regard, several people taking participation to
make success and increasing performances in systematic manner. Therefore, goals and objectives
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