Higher National Diploma: Leadership and Management in M&S Operations

This report provides an in-depth analysis of leadership and management practices within Marks and Spencer (M&S). It begins with an introduction to operations management and its importance in achieving business objectives, focusing on efficiency, cost reduction, and customer satisfaction. The report details the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, comparing their functions and contributions within M&S. It explores various leadership theories and models, such as situational leadership, and how they are applied to increase employee efficiency and achieve company goals. Key approaches to operation management, including training and development, are discussed, emphasizing their role in reducing costs and improving product quality. The report also includes a PESTLE analysis of M&S in the UK, examining political factors like Brexit and their potential impacts. Finally, the report concludes by summarizing the key findings and highlighting the contribution of leadership and management in enhancing M&S's operational efficiency and competitive advantage. The report utilizes references to support its analysis.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 ROLES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERS AND MANAGERS
 ROLES OF LEADER AND FUNCTIONS OF MANAGER
 THEORIES AND MODELS OF LEADERSHIP APPROACHES
 KEY APPROACHES TO OPERATION MANAGEMENT FOR MANAGERS AND
LEADER
 EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE AND VALUE OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT IN
ACHIEVEING BUSINESS OBJECTIVES
 PESTLE ANALYSIS OF MARKS AND SPENCER IN UK
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
 Operations management is a systematic process of managing activities of
business organization in effective manner to utilize in available resources. This
process helps to reduce cost and improve quality of products and services to
increase customer satisfaction.
 Operation management provides efficiency to business organization to increase
profit margins by decrease cost of activities and analyzing alternatives.
 Operation management also helps to integrate efforts of employees into
products and services to improve quality and productivity of company.
 This presentation has detailed study of impact of leaders and managers on
operations of Marks and Spencer.

P1. Roles and Characteristics of Leaders
and Managers
 Leader is an individual or group of individual who have the ability to influence
employees to increase their willingness to achieve objectives of business organization
effectively.
 Leader helps employees in Marks and Spencer to increase their interpersonal skills by
providing them task which involves moral, ethics and values to develop each employee
become loyal to company.
 Manager is a person who is responsible for supervising and controlling
activities according to policies and guidelines of company to maintain efficiency.
 Marks and Spencer appoints managers to evaluate performance of employees and
supervise them according to their work and skills.

CONTINUE…
Leaders Managers
Marks and Spencer analyses the role of leaders in company
is they are responsible to ensure the efficiency of
employees to achieve objectives which are formulated by
managers.
Managers of Marks and Spencer uses their management
functions to develop new objectives for company which
help to increase productivity of business.
Leaders are responsible to integrate skills of employees
with work by influencing them. They help to increase
performance of employees by communicating with them.
Managers are responsible to identify the effectiveness of
leaders and communicate with them about performance of
employees of company.
Leader of Marks and Spencer have characteristics to work
in effective teams to provide proper guidance to all
employees and help them to achieve objectives effectively.
Manager provides policies and regulations to employees to
follow company's ethics and business culture.
Leaders are having ability to innovate the ideas which are
provided by managers for employees efficiency.
Managers have the ability to invest new policies and ideas
to expand companies into new market. Manager of Marks
and Spencer have ability to improve efficiency of
employees by formulating different strategies.

CONTINUE…
Leaders have skills and knowledge to influence employees of
company effectively.
Managers have provided proper information about factors
which can help leaders to increase motivation of employees to
increase productivity of company.
Leaders have focus on employees efficiency and attaining
objectives with lower cost and in less time.
Managers are more focused on all resources of company
which can provide better growth opportunities in the future.
Leaders are responsible to implement change in organization
by influencing employees to accept change and improve
quality of products and services.
Managers have responsibility to analyse external and internal
factors by various management tools and techniques to
identify market trends for change implementation.
Leaders have the skills and knowledge which is unique from
everyone and helps them to influence employees to increase
their efficiency.
Managers are made with specific rules and principles of
management which decrease the differentiation of each
manager, and they have same skills and knowledge.
Leaders have the tendency to take risks and formulate
outcomes on their will according to available resources.
Managers use principle, tools and techniques of management
to reduce threats and risk from business organization to
achieve objectives and increase profitability.

P 2. Role of Leader and Functions of Manager
 Managers and Leaders are very essential resource of Marks and Spencer as they help to
improve the efficiency of employees and provide effective skills and knowledge to
achieve objectives.
 Role of managers and functions of managers are interrelated in Marks and Spencer
which help to improve performance to manage and influence employees effectively.
 They also help to evaluate internal and external factors of business environment to
facilitate effective strategies which help Marks and Spencer to compete in clothing
retail industry in different market.

P 3. Theories and Models of Leadership Approaches
 Leadership approaches helps Marks and Spencer to implement
change in organization which provide increased productivity to
compete in market.
 Marks and Spencer is using many leadership theories which
provides better perspective to increase the efficiency of
employees of company.
Situational leadership
 Marks and Spencer uses this theory by analyzing skills and
knowledge of employee to integrate with vision and mission of
company.
 This strategy helps to achieve the objectives whiting time limit
according to skills and ability of employees.

P 4. Key Approaches To Operation Management for
Managers and Leaders
 Marks and Spencer is using different approaches to increase productivity of operations to
reduce cost and maintain quality of products and services.
 These approaches help to provide effective strategies to increase customer satisfaction with
help of effective leaders and managers.
 Leaders and managers are responsible tom provide effective environment to adopt these
approaches and analysing all the factors which helps to motivate employees in reducing cost
and improving performance.
 Training and develop is provided in Marks and Spencer by leaders and managers to make high
performance teams.

P 5.Explain the importance and value of operations
management in achieving business objectives
Importance of operation management
 Operation management plays vital role in the organization because they perform various roles i.e.
planning, organizing, coordinating, controlling and monitoring of production and manufacturing
procedures.
 Operation management helps M&S to achieve their objective by executing various strategic tactics
(Heizer, 2016). Operation management performance-
Product quality: M&S focuses on product quality along with varieties which attracts customers and
improves their buying behaviour.
 Operation management introduces strategies for improving product quality and their services.
Management gives assurance to customer about product quality and forces quality management to
offer product services effectively.
 Thus, operation management gives value to customer money and builds customers loyalty for
company.

P 6. PESTLE Analysis of Marks and Spencer in UK
Political Factors:
 The biggest political factor that could influence the operations of a large company like Marks and
Spencer depends upon the decision of United Kingdom to leave the European Union, termed
Brexit.
Positive:
 When Brexit is over, UK will no longer be a part of European Union and the emerging country
would be like a new uncharted market, full of possibilities and potential, for companies to capture.
Negative:
 Most analysts and economists maintain that the changes post-Brexit wouldn't be ideal for UK
retailers, as many of the free trade policies with European suppliers would shut down, increasing
operational and management costs.

CONCLUSION
 This report concludes the brief study role and characteristics of mangers and leaders in
operations management of Marks and Spencer.
 Report had explained how managers and leader contributed in increasing the efficiency
company in operation.
 With helps of contingency, situational and systems theory of leadership it helped
company to maintain employees and increase their efficiency effectively.
 Report also explained approaches to operation management with help of just in time,
kaizen, TQM and six sigma.
 There are a brief discussion about importance of value of operation management in
achieving objectives of company and factors which impact the operations and decision-
making of company.